
一段時(shí)間以來,歷經(jīng)科學(xué)驗(yàn)證,、能助力人們實(shí)現(xiàn)更健康長壽生活的習(xí)慣始終如一:鍛煉身體,、充足睡眠、減輕壓力——當(dāng)然,,還有合理飲食,。
如今,研究人員揭曉了四種應(yīng)優(yōu)先選擇的食物,,因?yàn)槭秤盟鼈兓蚰苤θ藗儗?shí)現(xiàn)長壽,。
為了將范圍縮小到這四種食物,西班牙研究人員研究了兩種借鑒世界“藍(lán)色地帶”(據(jù)報(bào)道這些地區(qū)百歲老人比例最高)飲食建議的飲食方式:地中海飲食和“星球健康飲食”,。
這兩種飲食方式均倡導(dǎo)大量攝取水果,、蔬菜、全谷物,、豆類以及堅(jiān)果,,同時(shí)適度攝入乳制品和肉類。其中,,不太為人熟知的“星球健康飲食”由科學(xué)家于2019年提出,,重點(diǎn)關(guān)注環(huán)境可持續(xù)性,相較于肉類,,該飲食更側(cè)重于提高豆類等植物性蛋白質(zhì)替代品在飲食結(jié)構(gòu)中的占比,。
西班牙馬德里自治大學(xué)此項(xiàng)新研究的主要作者梅賽德斯·索托斯·普列托(Mercedes Sotos Prieto)博士,在有關(guān)研究結(jié)果發(fā)布的新聞稿中指出:“嚴(yán)格遵循這兩種飲食方式與全因死亡率的降低存在關(guān)聯(lián),,且對(duì)環(huán)境造成的負(fù)擔(dān)較小,,這凸顯了選擇這兩種以植物性食物為主的飲食方式中的任意一種,對(duì)個(gè)體健康以及地球生態(tài)環(huán)境均具有重大意義,?!?/p>
這項(xiàng)研究追蹤了2008年至2010年間招募的近11500名參與者,并在約14年后進(jìn)行了隨訪,,以評(píng)估飲食與生存率之間的關(guān)系,。
如今,研究作者們指出了四種食物類別——這兩種飲食方式的主要組成部分——他們認(rèn)為這些食物類別在長壽和健康壽命方面最為重要,。
水果
水果是地中海飲食和“星球健康飲食”的重要組成部分,。其富含諸如維生素C、維生素A等關(guān)鍵營養(yǎng)素以及抗氧化劑,,有助于增強(qiáng)免疫系統(tǒng),,減輕炎癥和細(xì)胞損傷,。
一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),用水果替代包裝食品作為零食,,可使人壓力感知顯著降低,。俄亥俄州立大學(xué)韋克斯納醫(yī)學(xué)中心的注冊(cè)營養(yǎng)師利茲·溫安迪(Liz Weinandy)此前曾對(duì)《財(cái)富》雜志表示,維生素C對(duì)大腦具有保護(hù)作用,。
為了攝入各種營養(yǎng)物質(zhì),,地中海飲食倡導(dǎo)每天食用兩到三份不同種類的水果?!靶乔蚪】碉嬍场眲t建議每天至少食用五份水果和蔬菜,。
奶制品
根據(jù)該項(xiàng)研究,盡管乳制品在這兩種飲食結(jié)構(gòu)中所占比例較小,,卻依舊與長壽存在關(guān)聯(lián),。這兩種飲食均強(qiáng)調(diào)了低脂或脫脂奶酪、酸奶(例如低脂希臘酸奶,、茅屋奶酪)的重要性。乳制品富含鈣與維生素D,,對(duì)骨骼健康大有裨益,。同時(shí),它能帶來飽腹感,,是優(yōu)質(zhì)的蛋白質(zhì)來源,,有助于減緩與年齡相關(guān)的肌肉流失。通常,,一小杯5盎司(約合141.7克)的酸奶含有10至15克蛋白質(zhì)(人體每千克體重大約需要1.2到2克蛋白質(zhì)),。
諸如開菲爾酸奶之類的發(fā)酵乳制品,同樣富含益生菌,,對(duì)維持腸道健康大有裨益,。
不飽和油
橄欖油和牛油果油等不飽和油是這兩種飲食的關(guān)鍵構(gòu)成要素,它們不僅有助于維持健康的膽固醇水平,,還對(duì)大腦有益,。
美國心臟協(xié)會(huì)稱:“有部分證據(jù)表明,富含初榨橄欖油的地中海飲食可能有助于人體清除動(dòng)脈中多余的膽固醇,,保持血管暢通,。”
堅(jiān)果
一把堅(jiān)果向來都是絕佳的零食,,且理由極為充分,。堅(jiān)果富含對(duì)心臟健康有益的優(yōu)質(zhì)脂肪,能夠減輕炎癥,;其豐富的纖維和蛋白質(zhì)可以讓人產(chǎn)生飽腹感,;此外,,堅(jiān)果還含有大量歐米伽-3脂肪酸(尤其是核桃),對(duì)大腦健康大有裨益,。
Blue Zones LLC的創(chuàng)始人丹·比特納(Dan Buettner)曾研究過最長壽人群的飲食,,他此前在接受《財(cái)富》雜志采訪時(shí)表示:“找到你所鐘愛的食材。倘若你能學(xué)會(huì)巧妙搭配它們,,烹制出美味佳肴,,那么通過飲食邁向百歲人生便不再遙遠(yuǎn)?!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:中慧言-王芳
一段時(shí)間以來,,歷經(jīng)科學(xué)驗(yàn)證、能助力人們實(shí)現(xiàn)更健康長壽生活的習(xí)慣始終如一:鍛煉身體,、充足睡眠,、減輕壓力——當(dāng)然,還有合理飲食,。
如今,,研究人員揭曉了四種應(yīng)優(yōu)先選擇的食物,因?yàn)槭秤盟鼈兓蚰苤θ藗儗?shí)現(xiàn)長壽,。
為了將范圍縮小到這四種食物,,西班牙研究人員研究了兩種借鑒世界“藍(lán)色地帶”(據(jù)報(bào)道這些地區(qū)百歲老人比例最高)飲食建議的飲食方式:地中海飲食和“星球健康飲食”。
這兩種飲食方式均倡導(dǎo)大量攝取水果,、蔬菜,、全谷物、豆類以及堅(jiān)果,,同時(shí)適度攝入乳制品和肉類,。其中,不太為人熟知的“星球健康飲食”由科學(xué)家于2019年提出,,重點(diǎn)關(guān)注環(huán)境可持續(xù)性,,相較于肉類,該飲食更側(cè)重于提高豆類等植物性蛋白質(zhì)替代品在飲食結(jié)構(gòu)中的占比,。
西班牙馬德里自治大學(xué)此項(xiàng)新研究的主要作者梅賽德斯·索托斯·普列托(Mercedes Sotos Prieto)博士,,在有關(guān)研究結(jié)果發(fā)布的新聞稿中指出:“嚴(yán)格遵循這兩種飲食方式與全因死亡率的降低存在關(guān)聯(lián),且對(duì)環(huán)境造成的負(fù)擔(dān)較小,,這凸顯了選擇這兩種以植物性食物為主的飲食方式中的任意一種,,對(duì)個(gè)體健康以及地球生態(tài)環(huán)境均具有重大意義?!?/p>
這項(xiàng)研究追蹤了2008年至2010年間招募的近11500名參與者,,并在約14年后進(jìn)行了隨訪,以評(píng)估飲食與生存率之間的關(guān)系,。
如今,,研究作者們指出了四種食物類別——這兩種飲食方式的主要組成部分——他們認(rèn)為這些食物類別在長壽和健康壽命方面最為重要,。
水果
水果是地中海飲食和“星球健康飲食”的重要組成部分。其富含諸如維生素C,、維生素A等關(guān)鍵營養(yǎng)素以及抗氧化劑,,有助于增強(qiáng)免疫系統(tǒng),減輕炎癥和細(xì)胞損傷,。
一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),,用水果替代包裝食品作為零食,可使人壓力感知顯著降低,。俄亥俄州立大學(xué)韋克斯納醫(yī)學(xué)中心的注冊(cè)營養(yǎng)師利茲·溫安迪(Liz Weinandy)此前曾對(duì)《財(cái)富》雜志表示,,維生素C對(duì)大腦具有保護(hù)作用。
為了攝入各種營養(yǎng)物質(zhì),,地中海飲食倡導(dǎo)每天食用兩到三份不同種類的水果,。“星球健康飲食”則建議每天至少食用五份水果和蔬菜,。
奶制品
根據(jù)該項(xiàng)研究,,盡管乳制品在這兩種飲食結(jié)構(gòu)中所占比例較小,卻依舊與長壽存在關(guān)聯(lián),。這兩種飲食均強(qiáng)調(diào)了低脂或脫脂奶酪,、酸奶(例如低脂希臘酸奶、茅屋奶酪)的重要性,。乳制品富含鈣與維生素D,對(duì)骨骼健康大有裨益,。同時(shí),,它能帶來飽腹感,是優(yōu)質(zhì)的蛋白質(zhì)來源,,有助于減緩與年齡相關(guān)的肌肉流失,。通常,一小杯5盎司(約合141.7克)的酸奶含有10至15克蛋白質(zhì)(人體每千克體重大約需要1.2到2克蛋白質(zhì)),。
諸如開菲爾酸奶之類的發(fā)酵乳制品,,同樣富含益生菌,對(duì)維持腸道健康大有裨益,。
不飽和油
橄欖油和牛油果油等不飽和油是這兩種飲食的關(guān)鍵構(gòu)成要素,,它們不僅有助于維持健康的膽固醇水平,還對(duì)大腦有益,。
美國心臟協(xié)會(huì)稱:“有部分證據(jù)表明,,富含初榨橄欖油的地中海飲食可能有助于人體清除動(dòng)脈中多余的膽固醇,保持血管暢通,?!?/p>
堅(jiān)果
一把堅(jiān)果向來都是絕佳的零食,,且理由極為充分。堅(jiān)果富含對(duì)心臟健康有益的優(yōu)質(zhì)脂肪,,能夠減輕炎癥,;其豐富的纖維和蛋白質(zhì)可以讓人產(chǎn)生飽腹感;此外,,堅(jiān)果還含有大量歐米伽-3脂肪酸(尤其是核桃),,對(duì)大腦健康大有裨益。
Blue Zones LLC的創(chuàng)始人丹·比特納(Dan Buettner)曾研究過最長壽人群的飲食,,他此前在接受《財(cái)富》雜志采訪時(shí)表示:“找到你所鐘愛的食材,。倘若你能學(xué)會(huì)巧妙搭配它們,烹制出美味佳肴,,那么通過飲食邁向百歲人生便不再遙遠(yuǎn),。”(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:中慧言-王芳
The scientifically-backed lifestyle habits to help you live healthier for longer have stayed pretty consistent for a while now: exercising, getting sufficient sleep, limiting stress—and, of course, eating well.
Now, researchers reveal the four foods you should prioritize, as eating them could help you live a very long life.
To narrow it down to the four, researchers in Spain examined two diets that take advice from the world’s Blue Zones, cities that reportedly have the highest proportion of centenarians: the Mediterranean diet and the Planetary Health Diet.
Both approaches support a high intake of foods like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and nuts—and a moderate intake of dairy and meat (although the lesser-known Planetary Health Diet, established by scientists in 2019 with a focus on environmental sustainability, places a higher proportion size on plant-based protein alternatives like beans over meat).
“Higher adherence to both diets was similarly associated with lower all-cause mortality and with comparable low environmental impact, highlighting the substantial health and planetary advantages of adopting one of these plant-based diets,” Dr. Mercedes Sotos Prieto, lead author of the new study from the Autonomous University of Madrid in Spain, said in a press release about the results.
The study followed nearly 11,500 people recruited between 2008 and 2010 and followed up about 14 years later to assess the relationship between diet and survival rates.
Now the authors are calling out four food groups—staples of both diets—that they believe are most important when it comes to longevity and health span.
Fruits
Fruits are a cornerstone of both the Mediterranean and Planetary Health diets. They provide key nutrients, like vitamin C and A, and antioxidants, which help support immune health and reduce inflammation and cell damage.
One study found snacking on fruit instead of a packaged alternative also made people feel less stressed. Liz Weinandy, a registered dietitian at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, previously told Fortune that vitamin C can protect our brain.
To digest a range of nutrients, the Mediterranean diet recommends eating two to three portions of all types of fruits each day. The Planetary Health diet recommends at least five servings of both fruits and vegetables per day.
Dairy
While dairy makes up a smaller portion of both diets, it was still associated with those who lived longer, per the study. The two diets specify the importance of low-fat or no-fat cheese and yogurts, like low-fat Greek yogurt or cottage cheese. Rich in calcium and vitamin D, dairy products support bone health. Dairy can help people feel full and be a good source of protein, helping to support age-related muscle loss. A small five-ounce cup of yogurt typically contains between 10 and 15 grams of protein (you need about 1.2 to 2 grams of protein per kilogram of bodyweight).
Fermented dairy products like kefir are also rich in probiotics and can support a healthy gut.
Unsaturated oils
Unsaturated oils, like olive and avocado oils, are a significant part of both diets. They can help support healthy cholesterol levels and support the brain.
“There is some evidence that a Mediterranean diet rich in virgin olive oil may help the body remove excess cholesterol from arteries and keep blood vessels open,” according to the American Heart Association.
Nuts
A handful of nuts has always been a great snack—and for good reason. Nuts contain healthy fats that can support heart health and reduce inflammation, are rich in fiber and protein to keep people satiated, and are high in omega-3s to support brain health (especially walnuts).
“Find the ingredients you love,” Dan Buettner, founder of the Blue Zones LLC, who has studied the diets of the longest living humans, previously told Fortune. “And if you can learn how to combine them to make something delicious, you’re on your way to eating to 100.”