
芬蘭人又迎來了美好的一天,。
芬蘭連續(xù)第八年在《世界幸福報告》(World Happiness Report)年度榜單中摘得桂冠,。這份于聯(lián)合國“國際幸福日”發(fā)布的報告,基于對140余個國家和地區(qū)居民生活質(zhì)量的評分分析,。評分采用10分制(滿分為理想中的最佳生活狀態(tài)),,芬蘭以7.74分的平均分位居榜首。
牛津大學經(jīng)濟學教授,、幸福研究中心(Wellbeing Research Centre)主任兼《世界幸福報告》編輯簡-伊曼紐爾·德內(nèi)夫?qū)Α敦敻弧冯s志表示:“他們擁有財富,、健康、社會關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò),、社會保障,,以及與自然的深度聯(lián)結(jié)。芬蘭人并非在街頭載歌載舞的狂歡型民族,,但他們對生活現(xiàn)狀深感滿足,。"
排在芬蘭之后的其他國家分別是丹麥(第2位)、冰島(第3位),、瑞典(第4位)和荷蘭(第5位),。墨西哥(第10位)與哥斯達黎加(第6位)首次躋身十強,而美國則跌至歷史最低位第24名,。去年,,美國自2012年榜單創(chuàng)立以來首度滑出前20名。
傳統(tǒng)領(lǐng)跑的北歐國家幸福感持續(xù)攀升,,美國卻呈反向走勢,。盡管北歐國家與美國、澳大利亞,、英國的人均GDP相近,,但財富分配機制令其形成鮮明對比。
德內(nèi)夫表示:“在這些北歐斯堪的納維亞國家,經(jīng)濟發(fā)展惠及全民,,經(jīng)濟不平等程度顯著較低,,這同樣體現(xiàn)在國民福祉當中。芬蘭多數(shù)人自評生活滿意度為7分或8分,,而美國人的幸福感分布呈現(xiàn)兩極:既有大量10分,,也不乏大量1分?!?/p>
雖然榜單分析納入了各國的人均GDP,、財富分配和人均預(yù)期壽命等指標,但研究發(fā)現(xiàn)社會信任與人際聯(lián)結(jié)對幸福感的決定作用遠超人們想象,。
今年,,研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),個人對他人善意的信任度與其主觀幸福感之間呈現(xiàn)出極強的相關(guān)性,。一般而言,人們往往會低估他人的善意,,例如認為錢包丟失后能物歸原主的概率較低,。這種認知會影響幸福感。實際上,,錢包物歸原主的概率幾乎是公眾預(yù)期的兩倍,。相較美國,更多北歐民眾相信遺失錢包會被歸還(且更多人會主動歸還),。
德內(nèi)夫指出:“對他人善意的信任度或者說社會信任度越高,,個人與集體的幸福感就越強。北歐國家,,或者斯堪的納維亞國家,,在信任度與真實歸還率兩個維度均表現(xiàn)優(yōu)異?!?/p>
報告發(fā)現(xiàn),,維系強烈社區(qū)意識的行為,如定期聚餐等,,能有效提升社會信任與幸福感,。
對于墨西哥與哥斯達黎加首度入圍十強,德內(nèi)夫歸因于兩國堅實的社會凝聚力,。數(shù)據(jù)顯示,,拉美國家共享用餐的頻次全球最高,社會聯(lián)結(jié)度與信任度評分突出,。這解釋了為何在新冠疫情隔離期間這兩個國家的排名下滑更顯著(德內(nèi)夫指出,,每周14次共享用餐中,有13次共享用餐與最高水平的幸福感存在關(guān)聯(lián)性)。
德內(nèi)夫強調(diào):“這兩個國家并非憑借高GDP或最長人均壽命登榜,。他們花時間聚餐會友,,社交生活未被社交媒體侵蝕——我們從數(shù)據(jù)中可以看出這些特點?!?/p>
該年度報告由牛津大學(University of Oxford)幸福研究中心聯(lián)合蓋洛普(Gallup),、聯(lián)合國可持續(xù)發(fā)展解決方案網(wǎng)絡(luò)(UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network)等機構(gòu)共同發(fā)布,并由編委會無償提供數(shù)據(jù)分析,。
在探究芬蘭持續(xù)領(lǐng)跑的原因時,,德內(nèi)夫發(fā)現(xiàn)了該國相較于其他北歐鄰邦的獨特優(yōu)勢。
他表示:“他們知足常樂,。物質(zhì)相對匱乏反而讓他們更容易知足,。芬蘭人更懂得珍惜現(xiàn)有的一切?!?/p>
以下是全球十大最幸福國家
1.芬蘭
2.丹麥
3.冰島
4.瑞典
5.荷蘭
6.哥斯達黎加
7.挪威
8.以色列
9.盧森堡
10.墨西哥(財富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:劉進龍
審校:汪皓
芬蘭人又迎來了美好的一天,。
芬蘭連續(xù)第八年在《世界幸福報告》(World Happiness Report)年度榜單中摘得桂冠。這份于聯(lián)合國“國際幸福日”發(fā)布的報告,,基于對140余個國家和地區(qū)居民生活質(zhì)量的評分分析,。評分采用10分制(滿分為理想中的最佳生活狀態(tài)),芬蘭以7.74分的平均分位居榜首,。
牛津大學經(jīng)濟學教授,、幸福研究中心(Wellbeing Research Centre)主任兼《世界幸福報告》編輯簡-伊曼紐爾·德內(nèi)夫?qū)Α敦敻弧冯s志表示:“他們擁有財富、健康,、社會關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò),、社會保障,以及與自然的深度聯(lián)結(jié),。芬蘭人并非在街頭載歌載舞的狂歡型民族,,但他們對生活現(xiàn)狀深感滿足。"
排在芬蘭之后的其他國家分別是丹麥(第2位),、冰島(第3位),、瑞典(第4位)和荷蘭(第5位)。墨西哥(第10位)與哥斯達黎加(第6位)首次躋身十強,,而美國則跌至歷史最低位第24名,。去年,美國自2012年榜單創(chuàng)立以來首度滑出前20名,。
傳統(tǒng)領(lǐng)跑的北歐國家幸福感持續(xù)攀升,,美國卻呈反向走勢。盡管北歐國家與美國,、澳大利亞,、英國的人均GDP相近,,但財富分配機制令其形成鮮明對比。
德內(nèi)夫表示:“在這些北歐斯堪的納維亞國家,,經(jīng)濟發(fā)展惠及全民,,經(jīng)濟不平等程度顯著較低,這同樣體現(xiàn)在國民福祉當中,。芬蘭多數(shù)人自評生活滿意度為7分或8分,,而美國人的幸福感分布呈現(xiàn)兩極:既有大量10分,也不乏大量1分,?!?/p>
雖然榜單分析納入了各國的人均GDP、財富分配和人均預(yù)期壽命等指標,,但研究發(fā)現(xiàn)社會信任與人際聯(lián)結(jié)對幸福感的決定作用遠超人們想象,。
今年,研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),,個人對他人善意的信任度與其主觀幸福感之間呈現(xiàn)出極強的相關(guān)性,。一般而言,人們往往會低估他人的善意,,例如認為錢包丟失后能物歸原主的概率較低,。這種認知會影響幸福感。實際上,,錢包物歸原主的概率幾乎是公眾預(yù)期的兩倍,。相較美國,,更多北歐民眾相信遺失錢包會被歸還(且更多人會主動歸還),。
德內(nèi)夫指出:“對他人善意的信任度或者說社會信任度越高,個人與集體的幸福感就越強,。北歐國家,,或者斯堪的納維亞國家,在信任度與真實歸還率兩個維度均表現(xiàn)優(yōu)異,?!?/p>
報告發(fā)現(xiàn),維系強烈社區(qū)意識的行為,,如定期聚餐等,,能有效提升社會信任與幸福感。
對于墨西哥與哥斯達黎加首度入圍十強,,德內(nèi)夫歸因于兩國堅實的社會凝聚力,。數(shù)據(jù)顯示,拉美國家共享用餐的頻次全球最高,,社會聯(lián)結(jié)度與信任度評分突出,。這解釋了為何在新冠疫情隔離期間這兩個國家的排名下滑更顯著(德內(nèi)夫指出,,每周14次共享用餐中,有13次共享用餐與最高水平的幸福感存在關(guān)聯(lián)性),。
德內(nèi)夫強調(diào):“這兩個國家并非憑借高GDP或最長人均壽命登榜,。他們花時間聚餐會友,社交生活未被社交媒體侵蝕——我們從數(shù)據(jù)中可以看出這些特點,?!?/p>
該年度報告由牛津大學(University of Oxford)幸福研究中心聯(lián)合蓋洛普(Gallup)、聯(lián)合國可持續(xù)發(fā)展解決方案網(wǎng)絡(luò)(UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network)等機構(gòu)共同發(fā)布,,并由編委會無償提供數(shù)據(jù)分析,。
在探究芬蘭持續(xù)領(lǐng)跑的原因時,德內(nèi)夫發(fā)現(xiàn)了該國相較于其他北歐鄰邦的獨特優(yōu)勢,。
他表示:“他們知足常樂,。物質(zhì)相對匱乏反而讓他們更容易知足。芬蘭人更懂得珍惜現(xiàn)有的一切,?!?/p>
以下是全球十大最幸福國家
1.芬蘭
2.丹麥
3.冰島
4.瑞典
5.荷蘭
6.哥斯達黎加
7.挪威
8.以色列
9.盧森堡
10.墨西哥(財富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:劉進龍
審校:汪皓
It’s a good day to be a Finn—again.
For the 8th successive year, Finland ranks no.1 on the annual World Happiness Report. The report, published on the UN’s International Day of Happiness, is based on analysis of how the residents of over 140 countries rate their quality of life. With 10 meaning someone is currently living the best possible life they can imagine, Finns came in first with an average score of 7.74.
“They’re wealthy, they’re healthy, have social connections, social support, [and] a connection with nature,” Jan-Emmanuel De Neve, professor of economics at the University of Oxford, leader of the Wellbeing Research Centre and editor of The World Happiness Report, tells Fortune. “They’re not happy, joyful, dancing in the streets type people, but they’re very content with their lives.”
Finland was followed by Denmark (no.2), Iceland (no.3), Sweden (no.4), and the Netherlands (no.5). While Mexico (no.10) and Costa Rica (no.6) joined the top 10 for the first time in the list’s history, the U.S. dropped to its lowest ranking at no. 24. Last year, the U.S. dropped out of the top 20 for the first time since the 2012 inaugural list.
The Nordic countries, historically at the top, are getting happier while the U.S. is getting less happy. While GDP per capita is relatively similar across the Nordic countries, the U.S., Australia, and the UK, the distribution of wealth sets them apart.
“In these Nordic Scandinavian countries, a rising tide lifts all boats, so the levels of economic inequality are much less, and that reflects in well-being as well,” De Neve says. “In Finland, most people will rate themselves as seven or an eight, whereas if you look at the distribution of well-being in the States, there’s a lot of 10s out there, but there’s a lot of ones as well.”
While the ranking’s analysis factored in a country’s GDP per capita, wealth distribution, and life expectancy, researchers found social trust and connection help determine happiness more than people may think.
This year, the researchers found a strong correlation between someone believing in the kindness of others and their own perceived happiness. Across the board, too often, people underestimate the kindness of others, like, say, if someone will return a lost wallet. It affects well-being. Wallets are returned to their owner at almost twice the rate people assume. However, compared to the U.S., more people in Nordic countries believe a lost wallet will be returned (and more people are likely to return it).
“The more you believe in the kindness of others, or in other words, are socially trusting, the higher your individual well-being and the higher collective well-being,” De Neve says. “The Nordic countries, the Scandinavian countries, do better, both in the belief in others’ kindness and in the actual wallet drop.”
Maintaining a strong sense of community with acts such as regularly dining with others, for example, improves social trust and happiness, the report found.
As for Mexico and Costa Rica joining the top 10 for the first in the list’s history, De Neve points to the strength of the countries’ social fabrics. Latin American countries reported the highest number of shared meals and ranked high on social connectedness and trust. It helps explain why their rankings dipped more dramatically in the COVID-19 isolation years (De Neve says that 13 out of 14 meals shared across seven days correlated to the highest well-being measure).
“It is not because of high GDP and the highest life expectancy,” De Neve says about these two countries. “They do spend time dining and lunching with others, having friends, and it’s not all cannibalized by social media, and so we picked this up in the data.”
The report is published yearly by the Wellbeing Research Centre at the University of Oxford, alongside partners, including Gallup, the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network, and an editorial board that analyzes the findings pro bono.
As De Neve dug into why Finland kept its reign, something else came to light that helped them stand out even from their Nordic counterparts.
“They’re content with less,” he says. “They had less, and they’re more content with less. They’re happier with what they’ve got.”
Here are the world’s 10 happiest countries
1. Finland
2. Denmark
3. Iceland
4. Sweden
5. Netherlands
6. Costa Rica
7. Norway
8. Israel
9. Luxembourg
10. Mexico