很難抗拒泰國的原始海灘、古老寺廟和熱鬧的夜生活,。在過去的二十年里,,在經(jīng)歷了毀滅性的海嘯、致命的空氣污染,、暴力街頭抗議,,甚至軍事政變暫時將游客拒之門外之后,泰國特色會吸引游客重返泰國,。但疫情過后,,歷史并沒有重演。在疫情期間,,這個20%的國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值來自旅游業(yè)的國家?guī)缀鯇λ杏慰完P(guān)閉邊境長達一年多,。該國從2021年7月開始謹慎地重新開放邊境,但游客仍未全面回歸,。到2023年底,,入境人數(shù)達到2800萬,比疫情前3980萬的紀錄低了約30%,。
普吉島酒店咨詢公司C9 Hotelworks的創(chuàng)始人兼總經(jīng)理比爾·巴內(nèi)特(Bill Barnett)表示:“復(fù)蘇緩慢有三大原因:中國,、中國、中國,?!?019年,中國是泰國最大的游客來源國,入境游客達到1100萬人次,。但2023年只有350萬中國游客入境,,主要是因為中國經(jīng)濟不景氣。其他因素也普遍讓游客望而卻步:航班短缺,、價格上漲,、污染加劇,以及與詐騙和犯罪有關(guān)的負面宣傳,。
不過,,旅游業(yè)分析人士表示,游客減少并沒有給旅游業(yè)帶來災(zāi)難,。相反,,他們認為,疫情及其余波迫使該行業(yè)進行創(chuàng)新,,提高效率,,引入新技術(shù),使收入來源多樣化,,并開展更明智的營銷活動,。因此,旅游相關(guān)企業(yè)的經(jīng)營狀況比以往任何時候都要好,。例如,,大型酒店報告稱,盡管入住率較低,,但盈利能力卻有所提高,。巴內(nèi)特說:“疫情加速了無論如何都會發(fā)生的變化。這是酒店市場的成熟過程,?!?/p>
比爾·海內(nèi)克(Bill Heinecke)是美諾國際集團(Minor International)的創(chuàng)始人兼董事長,該集團總部位于泰國,,在63個國家擁有或管理著536家酒店,、餐廳和零售店。該公司在今年首屆《財富》東南亞500強排行榜上名列第85位,。海內(nèi)克說,,在疫情期間,,美諾的全球損失達到10億美元,。海內(nèi)克說:“我們一度關(guān)閉了500多家酒店。在某些情況下,,我們支付工資和租金的速度都很慢,,而且要精打細算。”
然而,,2024年第一季度是美諾在泰國業(yè)績最好的季度之一,。他說:“我們已經(jīng)看到了巨額營收數(shù)據(jù)?!泵乐Z酒店大力宣傳其水療等保健服務(wù)以及餐廳和酒吧,。該酒店推出優(yōu)惠活動以吸引當?shù)厝饲皝碛貌停⑾蚰切┍硎久朗呈穷^等大事的海外游客推介泰國美食,。
入住率與疫情之前相比仍略有下降,,但第一季度美諾的每間客房收入同比增長了26%,部分原因是客房價格上漲,。去年,,其收入增長了22%,利潤增長了27%,。同樣,,泰國Central Plaza Hotel(在《財富》東南亞500強中位列第388位)旗下的盛泰樂酒店及度假村(Centara Hotels & Resorts)去年的營收和利潤也分別增長了24%和215%。巴內(nèi)特說,,價格上漲并沒有激怒那些在后疫情時代迫切希望旅行的游客,。
此外,定向營銷正在說服游客在機票和住宿以外的體驗上消費,。泰國旅游局和旅行社現(xiàn)在宣傳探險旅游,、生態(tài)旅游、精神旅游和性少數(shù)群體旅游,,以滿足潛在游客的小眾興趣,。政府甚至為學(xué)習(xí)泰拳(泰國本土格斗風格)的人提供為期三個月的簽證。
泰國還將自己定位為風景如畫的電影拍攝地,,將其景色呈現(xiàn)給數(shù)百萬觀眾,。網(wǎng)飛(Netflix)的《冤家變親家》(Mother of the Bride)曾在兩個美諾度假村拍攝,HBO的《白蓮花度假村》第三季將在美諾位于清邁的第三個度假村取景,。
酒店也通過不恢復(fù)在疫情期間被削減的職位來降低成本,。它們將入住登記等重復(fù)性工作自動化。聊天機器人可以回答許多客人的詢問,,現(xiàn)有員工也學(xué)會了多任務(wù)處理,。Jee Teng Hospitality Group的執(zhí)行董事薩哈拉特·“西爾斯”·吉瓦維西蒙特(Saharat“Sears”Jivavisitnont)表示,前臺服務(wù)員可以在緊急情況下調(diào)出一杯飲料,。Jee Teng Hospitality Group旗下福朋喜來登酒店(Four Points by Sheraton)在普吉島擁有600間客房,。
然而,疫情后的復(fù)蘇并不均衡,。亞太旅游協(xié)會(Pacific Asia Travel Association)辦公室主任保羅·普魯昂卡恩(Paul Pruangkarn)警告稱,,在勞動力短缺的情況下,,中小型旅行社“缺乏資源”投資新技術(shù)或吸引人才。他說,,在這兩個領(lǐng)域,,政府可以通過資助員工培訓(xùn)項目或向小型企業(yè)提供低息貸款來提供幫助。
吉瓦維西蒙特說:“我們確實需要更多熟練勞動力,。來泰國游玩的游客的需求和期望正在上升,。”如今的游客需要無縫連接和支持物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的客房等設(shè)施,。一些酒店正在利用大數(shù)據(jù)和人工智能,,根據(jù)顧客過去的偏好為其提供個性化體驗。
近年來,,泰國政府已經(jīng)出手扶持其強大的旅游業(yè),。2021年7月,政府在普吉島推出了該地區(qū)首個“旅行沙箱”,,允許已接種疫苗并通過新冠檢測的游客前往該島旅游,。自全面開放以來,政府已經(jīng)免除了來自中國,、印度和其他數(shù)十個國家的游客的簽證費,,并放寬了對其他國家游客的要求。泰國政府還加大了對在《財富》東南亞500強中排名第81位的泰國航空(Thai Airways)的財政支持,。這家政府持有48%股權(quán)的國有航空公司已經(jīng)恢復(fù)盈利,,并將很快結(jié)束法院下令的重組。從長遠來看,,泰國政府計劃到2030年將曼谷兩個國際機場的吞吐量增加一倍,,達到2億人次,在普吉島和清邁新建機場,,并向國際旅客開放更多的省級機場,。
分析人士預(yù)計,泰國2024年的游客人數(shù)最終將超過2019年,,但行業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者正在為下一次可能出現(xiàn)的顛覆做準備,。海內(nèi)克說:“這是一個不可預(yù)測的時代。教訓(xùn)是要做好準備,。要隨機應(yīng)變,、不斷適應(yīng),最重要的是要保持良好的資產(chǎn)負債表,?!保ㄘ敻恢形木W(wǎng))
本文刊登于《財富》雜志2024年6-7月刊(亞洲版),標題為《泰國重拾旅游業(yè)魔力》,。
譯者:中慧言-王芳
很難抗拒泰國的原始海灘,、古老寺廟和熱鬧的夜生活,。在過去的二十年里,,在經(jīng)歷了毀滅性的海嘯,、致命的空氣污染、暴力街頭抗議,,甚至軍事政變暫時將游客拒之門外之后,,泰國特色會吸引游客重返泰國。但疫情過后,,歷史并沒有重演,。在疫情期間,這個20%的國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值來自旅游業(yè)的國家?guī)缀鯇λ杏慰完P(guān)閉邊境長達一年多,。該國從2021年7月開始謹慎地重新開放邊境,,但游客仍未全面回歸。到2023年底,,入境人數(shù)達到2800萬,,比疫情前3980萬的紀錄低了約30%。
普吉島酒店咨詢公司C9 Hotelworks的創(chuàng)始人兼總經(jīng)理比爾·巴內(nèi)特(Bill Barnett)表示:“復(fù)蘇緩慢有三大原因:中國,、中國,、中國?!?019年,,中國是泰國最大的游客來源國,入境游客達到1100萬人次,。但2023年只有350萬中國游客入境,,主要是因為中國經(jīng)濟不景氣。其他因素也普遍讓游客望而卻步:航班短缺,、價格上漲,、污染加劇,以及與詐騙和犯罪有關(guān)的負面宣傳,。
不過,,旅游業(yè)分析人士表示,游客減少并沒有給旅游業(yè)帶來災(zāi)難,。相反,,他們認為,疫情及其余波迫使該行業(yè)進行創(chuàng)新,,提高效率,,引入新技術(shù),使收入來源多樣化,,并開展更明智的營銷活動,。因此,,旅游相關(guān)企業(yè)的經(jīng)營狀況比以往任何時候都要好。例如,,大型酒店報告稱,,盡管入住率較低,但盈利能力卻有所提高,。巴內(nèi)特說:“疫情加速了無論如何都會發(fā)生的變化,。這是酒店市場的成熟過程?!?/p>
比爾·海內(nèi)克(Bill Heinecke)是美諾國際集團(Minor International)的創(chuàng)始人兼董事長,,該集團總部位于泰國,在63個國家擁有或管理著536家酒店,、餐廳和零售店,。該公司在今年首屆《財富》東南亞500強排行榜上名列第85位。海內(nèi)克說,,在疫情期間,,美諾的全球損失達到10億美元。海內(nèi)克說:“我們一度關(guān)閉了500多家酒店,。在某些情況下,,我們支付工資和租金的速度都很慢,而且要精打細算,?!?
然而,2024年第一季度是美諾在泰國業(yè)績最好的季度之一,。他說:“我們已經(jīng)看到了巨額營收數(shù)據(jù),。”美諾酒店大力宣傳其水療等保健服務(wù)以及餐廳和酒吧,。該酒店推出優(yōu)惠活動以吸引當?shù)厝饲皝碛貌?,并向那些表示美食是頭等大事的海外游客推介泰國美食。
入住率與疫情之前相比仍略有下降,,但第一季度美諾的每間客房收入同比增長了26%,,部分原因是客房價格上漲。去年,,其收入增長了22%,,利潤增長了27%。同樣,,泰國Central Plaza Hotel(在《財富》東南亞500強中位列第388位)旗下的盛泰樂酒店及度假村(Centara Hotels & Resorts)去年的營收和利潤也分別增長了24%和215%,。巴內(nèi)特說,價格上漲并沒有激怒那些在后疫情時代迫切希望旅行的游客,。
此外,,定向營銷正在說服游客在機票和住宿以外的體驗上消費,。泰國旅游局和旅行社現(xiàn)在宣傳探險旅游、生態(tài)旅游,、精神旅游和性少數(shù)群體旅游,,以滿足潛在游客的小眾興趣。政府甚至為學(xué)習(xí)泰拳(泰國本土格斗風格)的人提供為期三個月的簽證,。
泰國還將自己定位為風景如畫的電影拍攝地,,將其景色呈現(xiàn)給數(shù)百萬觀眾,。網(wǎng)飛(Netflix)的《冤家變親家》(Mother of the Bride)曾在兩個美諾度假村拍攝,,HBO的《白蓮花度假村》第三季將在美諾位于清邁的第三個度假村取景。
酒店也通過不恢復(fù)在疫情期間被削減的職位來降低成本,。它們將入住登記等重復(fù)性工作自動化,。聊天機器人可以回答許多客人的詢問,現(xiàn)有員工也學(xué)會了多任務(wù)處理,。Jee Teng Hospitality Group的執(zhí)行董事薩哈拉特·“西爾斯”·吉瓦維西蒙特(Saharat“Sears”Jivavisitnont)表示,,前臺服務(wù)員可以在緊急情況下調(diào)出一杯飲料。Jee Teng Hospitality Group旗下福朋喜來登酒店(Four Points by Sheraton)在普吉島擁有600間客房,。
然而,,疫情后的復(fù)蘇并不均衡。亞太旅游協(xié)會(Pacific Asia Travel Association)辦公室主任保羅·普魯昂卡恩(Paul Pruangkarn)警告稱,,在勞動力短缺的情況下,,中小型旅行社“缺乏資源”投資新技術(shù)或吸引人才。他說,,在這兩個領(lǐng)域,,政府可以通過資助員工培訓(xùn)項目或向小型企業(yè)提供低息貸款來提供幫助。
吉瓦維西蒙特說:“我們確實需要更多熟練勞動力,。來泰國游玩的游客的需求和期望正在上升,。”如今的游客需要無縫連接和支持物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的客房等設(shè)施,。一些酒店正在利用大數(shù)據(jù)和人工智能,,根據(jù)顧客過去的偏好為其提供個性化體驗。
近年來,,泰國政府已經(jīng)出手扶持其強大的旅游業(yè),。2021年7月,政府在普吉島推出了該地區(qū)首個“旅行沙箱”,,允許已接種疫苗并通過新冠檢測的游客前往該島旅游,。自全面開放以來,政府已經(jīng)免除了來自中國,、印度和其他數(shù)十個國家的游客的簽證費,,并放寬了對其他國家游客的要求,。泰國政府還加大了對在《財富》東南亞500強中排名第81位的泰國航空(Thai Airways)的財政支持。這家政府持有48%股權(quán)的國有航空公司已經(jīng)恢復(fù)盈利,,并將很快結(jié)束法院下令的重組,。從長遠來看,泰國政府計劃到2030年將曼谷兩個國際機場的吞吐量增加一倍,,達到2億人次,,在普吉島和清邁新建機場,并向國際旅客開放更多的省級機場,。
分析人士預(yù)計,,泰國2024年的游客人數(shù)最終將超過2019年,但行業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者正在為下一次可能出現(xiàn)的顛覆做準備,。海內(nèi)克說:“這是一個不可預(yù)測的時代,。教訓(xùn)是要做好準備。要隨機應(yīng)變,、不斷適應(yīng),,最重要的是要保持良好的資產(chǎn)負債表?!保ㄘ敻恢形木W(wǎng))
本文刊登于《財富》雜志2024年6-7月刊(亞洲版),,標題為《泰國重拾旅游業(yè)魔力》。
譯者:中慧言-王芳
It’s hard to resist Thailand’s pristine beaches, ancient temples, and lively nightlife. Over the past two decades, those features have lured tourists back to the country after a devastating tsunami, bouts of deadly air pollution, violent street protests, and even military coups temporarily turned them away. But history has not repeated itself after the pandemic. During COVID, the country that draws as much as 20% of its GDP from tourism shut its borders to virtually all visitors for more than a year. It reopened cautiously starting in July 2021. But tourists still have not returned in full force. By the end of 2023, arrivals tallied 28 million, roughly 30% below the pre-pandemic record of 39.8 million.
“There are three reasons for the slow recovery,” says Bill Barnett, founder and managing director of C9 Hotelworks, a Phuket-based hospitality consultancy: “China, China, and China.” The country was the largest source of tourists for Thailand in 2019, sending 11 million. But just 3.5 million Chinese visited in 2023, mostly because of China’s gloomy economy. Other factors turned off tourists generally, too: flight shortages, higher prices, worsening pollution, and bad publicity related to scams and crimes.
Still, tourism analysts say, lower arrivals haven’t spelled disaster for the industry. Rather, they argue, COVID and its aftermath have forced the sector to innovate and foster greater efficiencies, introduce new technologies, diversify revenue streams, and launch smarter marketing campaigns. As a result, tourism-related businesses are doing better than ever. Larger hotels, for instance, are reporting higher profitability despite lower occupancy. “COVID accelerated changes that were going to happen anyway,” Barnett says. “This is a maturation of the hotel market.”
Bill Heinecke is founder and chairman of Minor International, a Thailand-based conglomerate that owns or manages 536 hotels, plus restaurants and retail shops, in 63 countries. It’s No. 85 on the inaugural Fortune Southeast Asia 500 list this year. Heinecke says Minor lost $1 billion worldwide during COVID. “At one point we had over 500 hotels closed. We were slow to meet payrolls and pay rents, in some cases. We were watching our pennies,” Heinecke says.
The first quarter of 2024, however, was one of Minor’s best in Thailand. “We’re already looking at huge numbers,” he says. Minor hotels have touted their wellness offerings, such as spas, and their restaurants and bars. They’ve offered deals to entice locals to visit for a meal and pitched Thailand’s cuisine to overseas tourists who have indicated food is a priority.
Occupancy remains marginally lower than before COVID, but Minor’s revenue per room soared 26% year over year in the first quarter owing in part to higher rates. Last year its revenue grew 22%, and profits swelled 27%. Likewise, Thailand’s Central Plaza Hotel (No. 388 on the SEA 500), which owns Centara Hotels & Resorts, reported revenue and profit increases of 24% and 215% respectively last year. Higher prices haven’t rankled guests still desperate to travel post-COVID, Barnett says.
What’s more, targeted marketing is persuading tourists to spend on experiences beyond flights and accommodations. The Tourism Authority of Thailand and tour operators now advertise adventure tourism, ecotourism, spiritual tourism, and LGBTQ+ tourism to meet prospective visitors’ niche interests. The government even offers a three-month visa for those studying Muay Thai, the country’s indigenous fighting style.
Thailand is also pitching itself as a picturesque production set, planting its scenery in front of millions of eyeballs. Netflix’s Mother of the Bride was filmed at two Minor resorts, and a third resort in Chiang Mai will feature in season 3 of HBO’s White Lotus.
Hotels have also cut costs by choosing not to restore positions slashed during COVID. They’ve automated repetitive tasks like check-ins. Chatbots can answer many guest inquiries, and existing staff have learned to multitask. A front-desk attendant can mix a drink in a pinch, says Saharat “Sears” Jivavisitnont, executive director of Jee Teng Hospitality Group, which owns the 600-room Four Points by Sheraton in Phuket.
The post-COVID recovery, however, has not been equal. Paul Pruangkarn, chief of staff at the Pacific Asia Travel Association, warns that small and medium-size tour operators “don’t have the resources” to invest in new tech or to attract talent amid a labor shortage. He says those are two areas where the government could help by funding worker training programs or offering low-interest loans to smaller players.
“We definitely need more skilled labor,” Jivavisitnont says. “The demands and expectations of customers coming to Thailand are rising,” he says. Today’s guests want amenities like seamless connectivity and Internet of Things–enabled room features. Some hotels are using big data and AI to personalize experiences based on a customer’s past preferences.
Thailand’s government has already intervened to prop up its almighty tourism industry in recent years. In July 2021 it launched the region’s first “travel sandbox” on Phuket, allowing vaccinated and tested tourists to visit the island. Since fully reopening, the government has waived visa fees for tourists from China, India, and dozens of other countries, and eased requirements for others. The government has also ramped up its financial support for Thai Airways, No. 81 on the Fortune SEA 500. The 48% state-owned carrier has returned to profitability and will soon exit a court-ordered restructuring. Longer term, Thai authorities are planning to double the capacity of Bangkok’s two international airports to a combined 200 million passengers by 2030, build new airports in Phuket and Chiang Mai, and open more provincial airports to international arrivals.
Analysts expect Thailand’s 2024 visitor numbers to finally surpass those of 2019, but industry leaders are preparing for the next possible disruption. “These are unpredictable times,” Heinecke says. “The lesson is to be prepared. Be flexible, be adaptable, and above all keep a strong balance sheet.”?
This article appears in the June/July 2024 Asia issue of Fortune with the headline, “Thailand reclaims its tourism mojo.”