特斯拉(Tesla Inc.)在2023年的表現(xiàn)異常搶眼,,其股價(jià)在12個(gè)月內(nèi)近乎翻了一番,。然而,埃隆·馬斯克的這家電動(dòng)汽車(chē)制造公司在2024年伊始卻一反常態(tài),,股價(jià)表現(xiàn)之差創(chuàng)歷年同期之最,。
特斯拉的市值在2024年的前兩周蒸發(fā)了940多億美元。原因并不難理解:這家總部位于美國(guó)得克薩斯州奧斯汀的電動(dòng)汽車(chē)制造商遭遇了一系列負(fù)面新聞的沖擊,,包括汽車(chē)租賃巨頭赫茲全球控股公司(Hertz Global Holdings Inc.)對(duì)電動(dòng)汽車(chē)態(tài)度的180度轉(zhuǎn)彎,、中國(guó)產(chǎn)特斯拉價(jià)格的再次下調(diào),,以及勞動(dòng)力成本的上漲趨勢(shì),。
這一切的背后是電動(dòng)汽車(chē)需求增速的放緩,,尤其是在美國(guó)市場(chǎng),。
Cowen公司的分析師杰弗里·奧斯本在一次采訪中表示:“投資者對(duì)特斯拉的主要擔(dān)憂在于增長(zhǎng)的停滯不前?!敝袊?guó)特斯拉的降價(jià)進(jìn)一步加劇了這種擔(dān)憂,有鑒于中國(guó)市場(chǎng)激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng),,電動(dòng)汽車(chē)行業(yè)似乎開(kāi)啟了“價(jià)格戰(zhàn)”模式,。
特斯拉的市值在今年年初的降幅創(chuàng)下了公司自2010年上市以來(lái)的同期之最,。按照百分比計(jì)算,,特斯拉的市值在進(jìn)入今年1月之后下滑了12%,,是自2016年之后表現(xiàn)最差的一年,。當(dāng)時(shí),特斯拉股價(jià)在進(jìn)入1月的前九個(gè)交易日下跌了14%,。
令其雪上加霜的是,,這家電動(dòng)汽車(chē)制造商在短期內(nèi)扭虧為盈的可能性并不大。
自2023年年初以來(lái),特斯拉一直在通過(guò)降價(jià)來(lái)提振市場(chǎng)需求。受此影響,,其豐厚的利潤(rùn)率不斷遭到侵蝕。不計(jì)監(jiān)管積分,,特斯拉汽車(chē)第三季度毛利率從一年前的27.9%降至16.3%,。然而,,隨著其美國(guó)工廠工人的漲薪,壓力只會(huì)有增無(wú)減,。
Spear Invest的首席投資官伊萬(wàn)娜·德列夫斯卡在接受采訪時(shí)說(shuō):“我們正在經(jīng)歷電動(dòng)汽車(chē)的周期性低迷,,但競(jìng)爭(zhēng)態(tài)勢(shì)加劇了周期性壓力,而且這種不利的態(tài)勢(shì)導(dǎo)致了降價(jià)和利潤(rùn)率暴跌?!?/p>
然而禍不單行,,據(jù)知情人士透露,出于對(duì)西方軍事行動(dòng)和紅海安全的擔(dān)憂,,特斯拉在給德國(guó)柏林工廠發(fā)貨時(shí)不得不繞道而行,,而且在1月29日至2月11日期間將暫停柏林附近工廠的大多數(shù)生產(chǎn)任務(wù)。
特斯拉投資者經(jīng)歷的當(dāng)頭棒喝
特斯拉在2023年10月發(fā)布的第三季度財(cái)報(bào)里首次警告稱(chēng),,電動(dòng)汽車(chē)需求將有所放緩,。此消息一出,全球汽車(chē)制造商和供應(yīng)商亦紛紛發(fā)表了悲觀預(yù)測(cè),,很多汽車(chē)制造商還取消了其擴(kuò)張計(jì)劃。
本月早些時(shí)候,特斯拉公布了第四季度交付數(shù)據(jù),盡管好于分析師預(yù)期,,但其全球電動(dòng)汽車(chē)銷(xiāo)量仍然落后于中國(guó)的比亞迪。
對(duì)特斯拉的投資者而言,,這一結(jié)果無(wú)異于當(dāng)頭棒喝,。2023年,,其股價(jià)表現(xiàn)在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾500指數(shù)(S&P 500)里名列第八位,。然而,,公司自年初至今的股價(jià)表現(xiàn)則是倒數(shù)第八位。
自然,,馬斯克本人也遭受了很大的沖擊,。彭博億萬(wàn)富翁指數(shù)(Bloomberg Billionaires Index)稱(chēng),,盡管這位世界首富在2023年賺取的財(cái)富可謂是冠絕全球,但其凈資產(chǎn)在年初至今的這段時(shí)間內(nèi)縮水了230億美元,。2023年,馬斯克超越了貝爾納·阿爾諾重回該榜單榜首位置。現(xiàn)如今,,杰夫·貝佐斯正在快速逼近,在1月12日收盤(pán)時(shí)達(dá)到了1,790億美元,,而馬斯克的凈資產(chǎn)為2,060億美元,。
馬斯克凈資產(chǎn)的主體源自于其在特斯拉13%的股份,,以及約3.04億美元的可行權(quán)股票期權(quán)。彭博的財(cái)富指數(shù)顯示,,他還持有太空探索技術(shù)公司(SpaceX)約42%的股份,,價(jià)值約為530億美元。
盡管如此,,特斯拉依舊在全球燃油車(chē)電動(dòng)化轉(zhuǎn)型過(guò)程中發(fā)揮著關(guān)鍵作用,。原因在于它到目前為止仍舊領(lǐng)先于潛在的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手,。雖然中國(guó)比亞迪的銷(xiāo)量已經(jīng)超過(guò)了特斯拉,但收入和利潤(rùn)依然落后,。比亞迪并沒(méi)有進(jìn)入美國(guó)市場(chǎng),,而特斯拉仍然是該市場(chǎng)的霸主,。
從很多方面來(lái)看,特斯拉最大的問(wèn)題可能在于過(guò)往的成功光環(huán)以及由此而來(lái)的外界期望,。隨著投資者的涌入,,特斯拉市值迅速膨脹,,遠(yuǎn)超全球任何一家汽車(chē)企業(yè)。然而,,過(guò)高的股價(jià)讓特斯拉極易受到負(fù)面消息的影響,。
這也是眾多支持者認(rèn)為,,特斯拉不應(yīng)該與傳統(tǒng)車(chē)企相比較的原因。對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō),,特斯拉真正的價(jià)值在于未來(lái),,而且該公司有望開(kāi)發(fā)出第一輛真正意義上的自動(dòng)駕駛汽車(chē)。唯一的問(wèn)題在于,,特斯拉多年來(lái)一直停留在口頭承諾上,而大多數(shù)專(zhuān)家認(rèn)為該技術(shù)還需要幾年,,甚至幾十年的時(shí)間才能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn),。
Spear公司的德列夫斯卡說(shuō):“特斯拉尚未兌現(xiàn)完全自動(dòng)駕駛和人工智能的承諾,,但這些承諾已經(jīng)體現(xiàn)在了估值里。要撐起7,500億美元的估值,,光靠生產(chǎn)汽車(chē)是不夠的,。”(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
——馬特·特納(Matt Turner),、克里斯汀·歐拉姆(Kristine Owram)和愛(ài)德華·勒德洛(Edward Ludlow)對(duì)本文亦有貢獻(xiàn),。
譯者:馮豐
審校:夏林
特斯拉(Tesla Inc.)在2023年的表現(xiàn)異常搶眼,其股價(jià)在12個(gè)月內(nèi)近乎翻了一番,。然而,,埃隆·馬斯克的這家電動(dòng)汽車(chē)制造公司在2024年伊始卻一反常態(tài),股價(jià)表現(xiàn)之差創(chuàng)歷年同期之最,。
特斯拉的市值在2024年的前兩周蒸發(fā)了940多億美元,。原因并不難理解:這家總部位于美國(guó)得克薩斯州奧斯汀的電動(dòng)汽車(chē)制造商遭遇了一系列負(fù)面新聞的沖擊,包括汽車(chē)租賃巨頭赫茲全球控股公司(Hertz Global Holdings Inc.)對(duì)電動(dòng)汽車(chē)態(tài)度的180度轉(zhuǎn)彎,、中國(guó)產(chǎn)特斯拉價(jià)格的再次下調(diào),,以及勞動(dòng)力成本的上漲趨勢(shì)。
這一切的背后是電動(dòng)汽車(chē)需求增速的放緩,,尤其是在美國(guó)市場(chǎng),。
Cowen公司的分析師杰弗里·奧斯本在一次采訪中表示:“投資者對(duì)特斯拉的主要擔(dān)憂在于增長(zhǎng)的停滯不前?!敝袊?guó)特斯拉的降價(jià)進(jìn)一步加劇了這種擔(dān)憂,,有鑒于中國(guó)市場(chǎng)激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng),電動(dòng)汽車(chē)行業(yè)似乎開(kāi)啟了“價(jià)格戰(zhàn)”模式。
特斯拉的市值在今年年初的降幅創(chuàng)下了公司自2010年上市以來(lái)的同期之最,。按照百分比計(jì)算,,特斯拉的市值在進(jìn)入今年1月之后下滑了12%,,是自2016年之后表現(xiàn)最差的一年,。當(dāng)時(shí),特斯拉股價(jià)在進(jìn)入1月的前九個(gè)交易日下跌了14%,。
令其雪上加霜的是,,這家電動(dòng)汽車(chē)制造商在短期內(nèi)扭虧為盈的可能性并不大。
自2023年年初以來(lái),,特斯拉一直在通過(guò)降價(jià)來(lái)提振市場(chǎng)需求,。受此影響,其豐厚的利潤(rùn)率不斷遭到侵蝕,。不計(jì)監(jiān)管積分,,特斯拉汽車(chē)第三季度毛利率從一年前的27.9%降至16.3%。然而,,隨著其美國(guó)工廠工人的漲薪,,壓力只會(huì)有增無(wú)減。
Spear Invest的首席投資官伊萬(wàn)娜·德列夫斯卡在接受采訪時(shí)說(shuō):“我們正在經(jīng)歷電動(dòng)汽車(chē)的周期性低迷,,但競(jìng)爭(zhēng)態(tài)勢(shì)加劇了周期性壓力,,而且這種不利的態(tài)勢(shì)導(dǎo)致了降價(jià)和利潤(rùn)率暴跌?!?/p>
然而禍不單行,,據(jù)知情人士透露,出于對(duì)西方軍事行動(dòng)和紅海安全的擔(dān)憂,,特斯拉在給德國(guó)柏林工廠發(fā)貨時(shí)不得不繞道而行,,而且在1月29日至2月11日期間將暫停柏林附近工廠的大多數(shù)生產(chǎn)任務(wù)。
特斯拉投資者經(jīng)歷的當(dāng)頭棒喝
特斯拉在2023年10月發(fā)布的第三季度財(cái)報(bào)里首次警告稱(chēng),,電動(dòng)汽車(chē)需求將有所放緩,。此消息一出,全球汽車(chē)制造商和供應(yīng)商亦紛紛發(fā)表了悲觀預(yù)測(cè),,很多汽車(chē)制造商還取消了其擴(kuò)張計(jì)劃,。
本月早些時(shí)候,特斯拉公布了第四季度交付數(shù)據(jù),,盡管好于分析師預(yù)期,,但其全球電動(dòng)汽車(chē)銷(xiāo)量仍然落后于中國(guó)的比亞迪。
對(duì)特斯拉的投資者而言,,這一結(jié)果無(wú)異于當(dāng)頭棒喝,。2023年,其股價(jià)表現(xiàn)在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾500指數(shù)(S&P 500)里名列第八位。然而,,公司自年初至今的股價(jià)表現(xiàn)則是倒數(shù)第八位,。
自然,馬斯克本人也遭受了很大的沖擊,。彭博億萬(wàn)富翁指數(shù)(Bloomberg Billionaires Index)稱(chēng),,盡管這位世界首富在2023年賺取的財(cái)富可謂是冠絕全球,但其凈資產(chǎn)在年初至今的這段時(shí)間內(nèi)縮水了230億美元,。2023年,,馬斯克超越了貝爾納·阿爾諾重回該榜單榜首位置。現(xiàn)如今,,杰夫·貝佐斯正在快速逼近,,在1月12日收盤(pán)時(shí)達(dá)到了1,790億美元,而馬斯克的凈資產(chǎn)為2,060億美元,。
馬斯克凈資產(chǎn)的主體源自于其在特斯拉13%的股份,,以及約3.04億美元的可行權(quán)股票期權(quán)。彭博的財(cái)富指數(shù)顯示,,他還持有太空探索技術(shù)公司(SpaceX)約42%的股份,,價(jià)值約為530億美元。
盡管如此,,特斯拉依舊在全球燃油車(chē)電動(dòng)化轉(zhuǎn)型過(guò)程中發(fā)揮著關(guān)鍵作用,。原因在于它到目前為止仍舊領(lǐng)先于潛在的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。雖然中國(guó)比亞迪的銷(xiāo)量已經(jīng)超過(guò)了特斯拉,,但收入和利潤(rùn)依然落后,。比亞迪并沒(méi)有進(jìn)入美國(guó)市場(chǎng),而特斯拉仍然是該市場(chǎng)的霸主,。
從很多方面來(lái)看,,特斯拉最大的問(wèn)題可能在于過(guò)往的成功光環(huán)以及由此而來(lái)的外界期望。隨著投資者的涌入,,特斯拉市值迅速膨脹,,遠(yuǎn)超全球任何一家汽車(chē)企業(yè)。然而,,過(guò)高的股價(jià)讓特斯拉極易受到負(fù)面消息的影響,。
這也是眾多支持者認(rèn)為,特斯拉不應(yīng)該與傳統(tǒng)車(chē)企相比較的原因,。對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō),,特斯拉真正的價(jià)值在于未來(lái),而且該公司有望開(kāi)發(fā)出第一輛真正意義上的自動(dòng)駕駛汽車(chē),。唯一的問(wèn)題在于,,特斯拉多年來(lái)一直停留在口頭承諾上,而大多數(shù)專(zhuān)家認(rèn)為該技術(shù)還需要幾年,甚至幾十年的時(shí)間才能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn),。
Spear公司的德列夫斯卡說(shuō):“特斯拉尚未兌現(xiàn)完全自動(dòng)駕駛和人工智能的承諾,,但這些承諾已經(jīng)體現(xiàn)在了估值里。要撐起7,500億美元的估值,,光靠生產(chǎn)汽車(chē)是不夠的,。”(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
——馬特·特納(Matt Turner),、克里斯汀·歐拉姆(Kristine Owram)和愛(ài)德華·勒德洛(Edward Ludlow)對(duì)本文亦有貢獻(xiàn),。
譯者:馮豐
審校:夏林
Tesla Inc. had a blockbuster 2023, as its shares more than doubled in 12 months. But 2024 is starting on a different note, with Elon Musk’s electric vehicle maker off to its worst start to any year — ever.
The company has lost more than $94 billion in market valuation in just the first two weeks of 2024. It’s not hard to figure out why, as the Austin, Texas-based EV maker has been pounded by a barrage of negative news: an about-face on EVs from the car rental giant Hertz Global Holdings Inc., yet another price cut for its cars made in China, and signs of rising labor costs.
All of this comes in the face of slowing growth in demand for EVs, especially in the US.
“Investors’ main concern on Tesla is stagnating growth,” Cowen analyst Jeffrey Osborne said in an interview. The price cuts in China only fan those concerns, because it is starting to look like “a race to the bottom for the EV industry given intense competition in that market.”
The hit to Tesla’s market capitalization to start the year is the biggest the company has seen over a similar period since it went public in 2010. In percentage terms, Tesla’s 12% drop since the start of January is the worst since 2016, when the stock fell 14% over the first nine trading days of the year.
To make matters worse, the odds of an imminent turnaround for the EV maker don’t look good.
Tesla has been cutting prices on its cars aggressively since early 2023 in an effort to boost demand. But the result has been a steady erosion of its once-hefty profit margin. Tesla’s automotive gross margin ex-regulatory credits for the third quarter fell to 16.3% from 27.9% a year ago. And the pressure is only mounting, now that production workers at Tesla’s US plants are getting pay raises.
“We are going through a cyclical downturn for EVs, but competitive dynamics are exacerbating the cyclical pressures,” Ivana Delevska, chief investment officer at Spear Invest, said in an interview. “Price cuts and plummeting margins are all a function of these unfavorable competitive dynamics.”
Adding to the woes, Tesla has had to re-route shipments destined for its Berlin plant after Western military actions and security concerns in the Red Sea, and is suspending most production at its plant near Berlin from Jan. 29 to Feb. 11, according to a person familiar with the matter.
Rude awakening for Tesla investors
Tesla first warned about the deceleration in EV demand during its October third-quarter earnings report. Almost immediately after, automakers and suppliers across the globe chimed in with their own downbeat forecasts. Many carmakers dialed back their plans for expansion.
Then, earlier this month, Tesla reported its fourth-quarter delivery numbers. While they were better than what analysts expected, they put the company behind China’s BYD Co. in global electric-car sales.
The result has been a rude awakening for Tesla investors. Last year, the stock was the eighth best performer in the S&P 500. So far this year, it’s the eighth worst.
Naturally, Musk is taking a big hit personally. The world’s richest person, who gained more wealth in 2023 than anyone else on the planet, has seen his net worth shrink by $23 billion so far this year, according to the Bloomberg Billionaires Index. Musk regained the top spot on Bloomberg’s wealth index last year, overtaking Bernard Arnault, but now Jeff Bezos is rapidly closing in, with $179 billion to Musk’s $206 billion as of January 12’s close.
The bulk of Musk’s net worth comes from his 13% stake in Tesla and about 304 million exercisable stock options. He also owns about 42% of SpaceX, which is valued at about $53 billion, according to Bloomberg’s wealth index.
With all that being said, Tesla remains a key player in the global transition from gas-powered vehicles to largely electric ones. The reason: It’s so far ahead of its potential rivals. China’s BYD may have surpassed Tesla in the number of units sold, but it still lags in revenue and profits. And BYD doesn’t sell cars in the US, where Tesla remains the market leader.
In many ways, Tesla’s biggest problem may be its past success and the hope it generated. As investors piled into the stock, Tesla’s market capitalization ballooned, making it way larger than any other car company in the world. However, with the shares priced for perfection, that also made them highly vulnerable to big reactions to any negative news.
That’s why so many Tesla proponents argue that it shouldn’t be compared to regular car companies. To them, the ultimate true value of the company rests in the future and it’s hope to develop the first truly self-driving vehicles. The only problem is Tesla has been promising this for years, and most experts say the technology is still years, maybe even decades, away.
“Tesla has not been able to deliver on fully autonomous driving and AI promises, which are already embedded in the valuation,” Spear’s Delevska said. “Being simply another automotive manufacturer is not going to cut it for a $750 billion valuation.”
— With assistance from Matt Turner, Kristine Owram, and Edward Ludlow