
拜登政府取消高達2萬美元學生債的計劃受到了眾多借貸者的歡迎。然而,,此舉并未解決最基本的問題——美國高等教育的成本,。一些人預測,五年后,,學生債規(guī)模將重回1.6萬億美元大關,。
大學教育的投資回報已經(jīng)崩塌,美國民眾對此心知肚明,。超過半數(shù)的成年人認為,,大學學位的經(jīng)濟效益還趕不上為此付出的成本。在過去幾年中,,大多數(shù)大學出現(xiàn)了新生數(shù)量下滑的現(xiàn)象,。與此同時,,超過90%的人力資源專業(yè)人士稱,他們十分重視替代資質的崛起,,因為這類資質會教授與工作相關的技能,,而此時此刻,各大公司也開始相繼自豪地宣布,,取消對就職申請者大學學位的要求,。
因此,學生們應該放棄大學嗎,?如果想要賺更多錢的話,,那么答案就是否定的??傮w來講,,大學依然是通往高薪職業(yè)的最佳途徑,大學畢業(yè)生的終身收入要比那些最高只有高中文憑的人士高84%,。在我與人力資源專業(yè)人士溝通時,,他們也表示,公司政策的改變并不一定就是說它們會聘請沒有學位的求職者,。
上大學的“回報”十分明確,,但最大的問題來自于“投資”,。為了解開大學生投資回報的這個方程式,,我們必須讓接受高等教育的費用更加平易近人。現(xiàn)實在于,,數(shù)百萬美國人已經(jīng)拿到了免費大學的入場券,,但這里只限于兩年期的大學學位。
兩年制的副學士學位通常由社區(qū)大學授予,,而且往往被視為四年制學位的跳板,。然而,這一學位在美國高等教育版圖中應被賦予更加重要的位置,。
第一個原因便是成本,。社區(qū)大學對于那些最需要支持的人來說基本上都是免費的。自2009年以來,,平均來看,,首次就讀兩年制大學的全日制學生獲得的資助足以支付所有學雜費。在兩年制大學里,,平均學雜費為3800美元/年,,而日常用品和教材開支約為2400美元/年。對于那些拿到佩爾助學金(Pell Grant)最高檔6895美元資助的學生來說,,那么聯(lián)邦助學金便足以支付這兩個類目的費用,,而且還剩余695美元的生活費,。如今,這對于學生來說便是全額資助的大學,,而且還遠不止如此,。
兩年制大學畢業(yè)生數(shù)十年的收入數(shù)據(jù)顯示,兩年制大學學位能夠輕松通過投資回報的考核,。那些最高學位為副學士學位的畢業(yè)生的收入比沒有大學學歷的高中畢業(yè)生高出51%,。一些學生在謀生的同時并不想放棄在今后的職業(yè)生涯中獲取學士學位的機會。兩年制學位的機會成本對于他們來說便更好管理,。
兩年制大學于150多年前起源于美國,,其初衷是擴張公共高等教育的受眾渠道。如今,,美國有1000多家社區(qū)大學服務于這一目的,。然而,我們不應將社區(qū)大學看作是通往學士學位的通道,,而是應使用當前這一遍布全美的基礎設施來重構學士學位,,并將其作為一種有助于職業(yè)提升的獨立資質。
隨著勞動力要求的變化并朝著學士學位以上的教育通道發(fā)展,,副學士學位明顯成為了下一個選擇,,因為很多美國人都已經(jīng)在免費接受這一教育,而且事實證明它能夠提升終身收入,。隨著學位計劃更好地結合勞動力需求,,兩年制學位的收益將得到進一步的提升。我們需要社區(qū)大學和其他高等教育機構設計更多以工作技能培訓為訴求的副學士學位,。從社區(qū)大學畢業(yè)的學生在獲得副學士學位的同時,,還應拿到雇主認可的職業(yè)認證,例如分析,、編碼或營銷,。
重新設計兩年制大學學位不僅會讓學生們?yōu)榫吐氉龊脺蕚洌瑫r還能拯救眾所周知的文理綜合教育,。副學士學位將繼續(xù)成為通往四年大學的通道,,并幫助眾多學生降低其教育的總體成本。作為一名中學教師的兒子,,我只需要轉入我的社區(qū)大學課程便可以就讀波士頓大學,。
大多數(shù)學生就讀社區(qū)大學的目的就是轉入一個四年制學位計劃,然而,,僅有13%的學生在6年之內(nèi)先讀完社區(qū)大學然后又繼續(xù)讀完了學士學位,。很明顯,4年制大學學位對于大多數(shù)美國民眾來說沒有什么效果:3900萬成年人已經(jīng)開始了四年制學業(yè),,但卻沒有獲得任何資質,。
數(shù)據(jù)是毫無爭議的:我們應停止向高中生宣傳,,舉債念學士學位是進入中產(chǎn)階級甚至上層社會的唯一途徑。隨著傳統(tǒng)大學的投資回報江河日下,,Z一代不會像此前幾代人一樣盲目地舉債念書,。最近的研究顯示,在14-18歲學生當中,,有近半數(shù)認為中學后教育應為兩年或更短的時間,。
在當前這個時代,人們意識到四年制大學學位是寶貴的(如果你有時間和資源),,但兩年制大學才是很多人在求職時的需求,,這樣,他們便可以在養(yǎng)活家庭的同時無需背負債務負擔,。(財富中文網(wǎng))
亞倫·拉斯穆森是Outlier.org創(chuàng)始人兼MasterClass的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人,。
Fortune.com評論文章中的觀點僅代表作者的個人觀點,并不代表《財富》雜志的觀點和立場,。
譯者:馮豐
審校:夏林
拜登政府取消高達2萬美元學生債的計劃受到了眾多借貸者的歡迎,。然而,此舉并未解決最基本的問題——美國高等教育的成本,。一些人預測,,五年后,學生債規(guī)模將重回1.6萬億美元大關,。
大學教育的投資回報已經(jīng)崩塌,,美國民眾對此心知肚明。超過半數(shù)的成年人認為,,大學學位的經(jīng)濟效益還趕不上為此付出的成本,。在過去幾年中,,大多數(shù)大學出現(xiàn)了新生數(shù)量下滑的現(xiàn)象,。與此同時,超過90%的人力資源專業(yè)人士稱,,他們十分重視替代資質的崛起,,因為這類資質會教授與工作相關的技能,而此時此刻,,各大公司也開始相繼自豪地宣布,,取消對就職申請者大學學位的要求。
因此,,學生們應該放棄大學嗎,?如果想要賺更多錢的話,那么答案就是否定的,??傮w來講,,大學依然是通往高薪職業(yè)的最佳途徑,大學畢業(yè)生的終身收入要比那些最高只有高中文憑的人士高84%,。在我與人力資源專業(yè)人士溝通時,,他們也表示,公司政策的改變并不一定就是說它們會聘請沒有學位的求職者,。
上大學的“回報”十分明確,,但最大的問題來自于“投資”。為了解開大學生投資回報的這個方程式,,我們必須讓接受高等教育的費用更加平易近人?,F(xiàn)實在于,數(shù)百萬美國人已經(jīng)拿到了免費大學的入場券,,但這里只限于兩年期的大學學位,。
兩年制的副學士學位通常由社區(qū)大學授予,而且往往被視為四年制學位的跳板,。然而,,這一學位在美國高等教育版圖中應被賦予更加重要的位置。
第一個原因便是成本,。社區(qū)大學對于那些最需要支持的人來說基本上都是免費的,。自2009年以來,平均來看,,首次就讀兩年制大學的全日制學生獲得的資助足以支付所有學雜費,。在兩年制大學里,平均學雜費為3800美元/年,,而日常用品和教材開支約為2400美元/年,。對于那些拿到佩爾助學金(Pell Grant)最高檔6895美元資助的學生來說,那么聯(lián)邦助學金便足以支付這兩個類目的費用,,而且還剩余695美元的生活費,。如今,這對于學生來說便是全額資助的大學,,而且還遠不止如此,。
兩年制大學畢業(yè)生數(shù)十年的收入數(shù)據(jù)顯示,兩年制大學學位能夠輕松通過投資回報的考核,。那些最高學位為副學士學位的畢業(yè)生的收入比沒有大學學歷的高中畢業(yè)生高出51%,。一些學生在謀生的同時并不想放棄在今后的職業(yè)生涯中獲取學士學位的機會。兩年制學位的機會成本對于他們來說便更好管理,。
兩年制大學于150多年前起源于美國,,其初衷是擴張公共高等教育的受眾渠道。如今,,美國有1000多家社區(qū)大學服務于這一目的,。然而,,我們不應將社區(qū)大學看作是通往學士學位的通道,而是應使用當前這一遍布全美的基礎設施來重構學士學位,,并將其作為一種有助于職業(yè)提升的獨立資質,。
隨著勞動力要求的變化并朝著學士學位以上的教育通道發(fā)展,副學士學位明顯成為了下一個選擇,,因為很多美國人都已經(jīng)在免費接受這一教育,,而且事實證明它能夠提升終身收入。隨著學位計劃更好地結合勞動力需求,,兩年制學位的收益將得到進一步的提升,。我們需要社區(qū)大學和其他高等教育機構設計更多以工作技能培訓為訴求的副學士學位。從社區(qū)大學畢業(yè)的學生在獲得副學士學位的同時,,還應拿到雇主認可的職業(yè)認證,,例如分析、編碼或營銷,。
重新設計兩年制大學學位不僅會讓學生們?yōu)榫吐氉龊脺蕚?,同時還能拯救眾所周知的文理綜合教育。副學士學位將繼續(xù)成為通往四年大學的通道,,并幫助眾多學生降低其教育的總體成本,。作為一名中學教師的兒子,我只需要轉入我的社區(qū)大學課程便可以就讀波士頓大學,。
大多數(shù)學生就讀社區(qū)大學的目的就是轉入一個四年制學位計劃,,然而,僅有13%的學生在6年之內(nèi)先讀完社區(qū)大學然后又繼續(xù)讀完了學士學位,。很明顯,,4年制大學學位對于大多數(shù)美國民眾來說沒有什么效果:3900萬成年人已經(jīng)開始了四年制學業(yè),但卻沒有獲得任何資質,。
數(shù)據(jù)是毫無爭議的:我們應停止向高中生宣傳,,舉債念學士學位是進入中產(chǎn)階級甚至上層社會的唯一途徑。隨著傳統(tǒng)大學的投資回報江河日下,,Z一代不會像此前幾代人一樣盲目地舉債念書,。最近的研究顯示,在14-18歲學生當中,,有近半數(shù)認為中學后教育應為兩年或更短的時間。
在當前這個時代,,人們意識到四年制大學學位是寶貴的(如果你有時間和資源),,但兩年制大學才是很多人在求職時的需求,這樣,,他們便可以在養(yǎng)活家庭的同時無需背負債務負擔,。(財富中文網(wǎng))
亞倫·拉斯穆森是Outlier.org創(chuàng)始人兼MasterClass的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人,。
Fortune.com評論文章中的觀點僅代表作者的個人觀點,并不代表《財富》雜志的觀點和立場,。
譯者:馮豐
審校:夏林
The Biden administration’s plan to cancel up to $20,000 in student loans has been welcomed by many borrowers. However, it doesn’t address the underlying problem, which is the cost of higher education in America. According to some estimates, we’ll be right back at $1.6 trillion in student debt just five years from now.
The ROI of college is broken, and Americans know it. More than half of adults don’t think the economic benefits of a college degree outweigh the cost. Over the last few years, most universities have seen a decline in college enrollment. At the same time, over 90% of HR professionals say they value the rise of alternative credentials that teach job-related skills just as one company after another proudly announces the removal of the college degree requirement for job applicants.
So, should students forgo college? Not if they want to make more money. College is still generally the best pathway to higher-paying careers, with lifetime earnings 84% higher for college graduates than for those whose highest degree is a high school diploma. My conversations with HR professionals also suggest that changes to company policy don’t necessarily translate to actual hires of people without a degree.
The “return” of going to college is clear; it’s the “investment” that’s the problem. To fix the ROI equation for college-goers, we must make higher education more affordable. The reality is that free college is already within reach for millions of Americans—but only if we count two-year college degrees.
The two-year associate’s degree, typically conferred by community colleges and mostly considered a stepping stone to a four-year degree, deserves a more prominent place in the U.S. higher education landscape.
The number one reason is cost. Community college is already essentially free for those who need the most support. Since 2009, the average first-time, full-time student in a two-year college has received enough financial aid to cover all tuition and fees. At two-year colleges, the average tuition and fees are $3,800 per year, while estimated expenses for supplies and textbooks are $2,400 per year. For students who receive the maximum Pell Grant of $6,895, federal grants can cover both categories—and have an extra $695 for living expenses. That’s fully funded college for students and then some, today.
A two-year college degree easily passes the ROI test with decades of data on income from graduates. People whose highest level of education is an associate’s degree earn 51% more than high school graduates with no college. The opportunity cost of a two-year degree is also more manageable for students who need to make a living while leaving open the door to pursue a bachelor’s degree later in their careers.
Two-year colleges originated in the U.S. over 150 years ago to help expand access to public higher education. Today, there are more than 1,000 community colleges across the U.S. serving that purpose. However, we shouldn’t treat community college as a funnel into a bachelor’s degree. Instead, we should use this existing infrastructure across the country to reimagine the associate’s degree as a stand-alone, career-enhancing credential.
As workforce requirements evolve and embrace education pathways beyond the bachelor’s degree, an associate’s degree is the obvious next option that is already free for many Americans and has proven to boost lifetime income. The benefits of a two-year degree will be enhanced as degree programs become better aligned with workforce needs. We need community colleges and other higher education institutions to design more associate’s degrees that build in training for job skills. Students should graduate from community college with both an associate’s degree and an employer-approved certificate in areas such as analytics, coding, or marketing.
Reinventing the two-year college degree could not only prepare students for jobs but also save liberal arts education as we know it. Associate’s degrees will continue to serve as a pathway into a four-year university and help many students reduce the overall cost of their education. As the son of a middle school teacher, I was able to attend Boston University only by transferring in my community college courses.
The vast majority of students who attend community college do so with the intention of transferring to a four-year degree program–but only 13% of students who start community college go on to complete a bachelor’s degree within six years. Clearly, the four-year college degree is not working for the vast majority of Americans: 39 million adults have started four-year programs but have not earned a credential.
The data is indisputable: We need to stop telling high school students that going into debt to earn a bachelor’s degree is the only pathway to the middle class and above. As the ROI of traditional college gets worse, Gen Zers are not going to blindly accept the debt that previous generations took on. A recent study found that nearly half of 14- to 18-year-old students believe postsecondary education should be two years or less.
The time has come to recognize that a four-year college degree is valuable (if you have the time and resources), but two years of college may be just what some people need to launch a career that supports their families without the burden of debt.
Aaron Rasmussen is the CEO and founder of Outlier.org and the cofounder of MasterClass.
The opinions expressed in Fortune.com commentary pieces are solely the views of their authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions and beliefs of Fortune.