出生率低是因?yàn)榕W(xué)習(xí)太好,？匈牙利一項(xiàng)研究引爭議
Zoltan Simon, 彭博社
2022-09-04
圖片來源：AKOS STILLER—BLOOMBERG/GETTY IMAGES匈牙利政府的多項(xiàng)社會政策都引發(fā)了國際社會的譴責(zé),，從對待移民的方式到LGBTQ群體的權(quán)利,，現(xiàn)在似乎又把矛頭指向了受過高等教育的女性。
匈牙利國家審計署（State Audit Office）的一份報告表示，女大學(xué)生過多會讓教育資源向女性傾斜,，導(dǎo)致她們生育概率下降,，從而威脅到經(jīng)濟(jì)和人口結(jié)構(gòu)。這篇名為《匈牙利粉色教育幾大特征,？,！》（Signs of Pink Education in Hungary?!）的報告發(fā)表于7月1日，一家匈牙利媒體Nepszava進(jìn)行了報道,。
這份報告突顯出,，匈牙利與歐盟（European Union）其他成員國的步調(diào)越來越不一致，不僅在政治上,，社會議題上也是如此,。匈牙利總理維克托·歐爾班在他自我標(biāo)榜的“非自由民主”中，試圖強(qiáng)調(diào)他所說的“傳統(tǒng)”價值觀,，包括在憲法里規(guī)定家庭由一男一女結(jié)合組成,。
“在匈牙利，受到不平等沖擊最嚴(yán)重的是女性,?！苯處熋裰髀?lián)盟（Democratic Union of Teachers）的安娜·科姆亞蒂說?！疤拱渍f,，所謂女性妨礙了男性接受高等教育的說法就是個笑話?！?/p>
這項(xiàng)研究來自一個獨(dú)立的國家機(jī)構(gòu),，而非官方，不過它很快就遭到了本國媒體的批判,，稱其為歐爾班培養(yǎng)的大男子主義政治文化的最新產(chǎn)物,，在歐爾班口中，艱巨的任務(wù)是“男人的工作”,。和許多歐洲國家一樣,，匈牙利的出生率很低，歐爾班領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的民族主義政黨稱這威脅到了國家的未來,。
“如果一對新婚夫婦的受教育程度存在差異,，那么通常就是新娘比新郎的受教育程度更高?！眻蟾娣Q,，“如果這種趨勢持續(xù)下去，高等教育的不平等可能就會造成女性選擇結(jié)婚生子的概率降低,，從而導(dǎo)致出生率下降,?！?/p>
研究認(rèn)為，造成這一現(xiàn)象的部分原因是教師隊(duì)伍中女性比例過高,，導(dǎo)致課堂上“男性特質(zhì)被低估,，甚至受到懲罰”。
報告中沒有提到其他地方存在的性別不平等,。歐爾班的15名內(nèi)閣成員里只有一名女性,，匈牙利議員中的女性比例約為13%，在經(jīng)濟(jì)合作與發(fā)展組織（Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development）的38個成員國里排名倒數(shù)第二位,，僅高于日本,。(財富中文網(wǎng))
——本文的撰寫得到了韋羅妮卡·古亞什（Veronika Gulyas）的協(xié)助。
譯者：Agatha
匈牙利政府的多項(xiàng)社會政策都引發(fā)了國際社會的譴責(zé),，從對待移民的方式到LGBTQ群體的權(quán)利,，現(xiàn)在似乎又把矛頭指向了受過高等教育的女性。
匈牙利國家審計署（State Audit Office）的一份報告表示,，女大學(xué)生過多會讓教育資源向女性傾斜,，導(dǎo)致她們生育概率下降，從而威脅到經(jīng)濟(jì)和人口結(jié)構(gòu),。這篇名為《匈牙利粉色教育幾大特征,？！》（Signs of Pink Education in Hungary?!）的報告發(fā)表于7月1日,，一家匈牙利媒體Nepszava進(jìn)行了報道。
這份報告突顯出,，匈牙利與歐盟（European Union）其他成員國的步調(diào)越來越不一致,，不僅在政治上，社會議題上也是如此,。匈牙利總理維克托·歐爾班在他自我標(biāo)榜的“非自由民主”中,，試圖強(qiáng)調(diào)他所說的“傳統(tǒng)”價值觀，包括在憲法里規(guī)定家庭由一男一女結(jié)合組成,。
“在匈牙利,，受到不平等沖擊最嚴(yán)重的是女性?！苯處熋裰髀?lián)盟（Democratic Union of Teachers）的安娜·科姆亞蒂說,。“坦白說,，所謂女性妨礙了男性接受高等教育的說法就是個笑話,。”
這項(xiàng)研究來自一個獨(dú)立的國家機(jī)構(gòu),，而非官方,，不過它很快就遭到了本國媒體的批判,，稱其為歐爾班培養(yǎng)的大男子主義政治文化的最新產(chǎn)物，在歐爾班口中,，艱巨的任務(wù)是“男人的工作”,。和許多歐洲國家一樣，匈牙利的出生率很低,，歐爾班領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的民族主義政黨稱這威脅到了國家的未來,。
“如果一對新婚夫婦的受教育程度存在差異，那么通常就是新娘比新郎的受教育程度更高,?！眻蟾娣Q，“如果這種趨勢持續(xù)下去,，高等教育的不平等可能就會造成女性選擇結(jié)婚生子的概率降低,，從而導(dǎo)致出生率下降?！?/p>
研究認(rèn)為,，造成這一現(xiàn)象的部分原因是教師隊(duì)伍中女性比例過高，導(dǎo)致課堂上“男性特質(zhì)被低估,，甚至受到懲罰”,。
報告中沒有提到其他地方存在的性別不平等。歐爾班的15名內(nèi)閣成員里只有一名女性,，匈牙利議員中的女性比例約為13%,，在經(jīng)濟(jì)合作與發(fā)展組織（Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development）的38個成員國里排名倒數(shù)第二位，僅高于日本,。
——本文的撰寫得到了韋羅妮卡·古亞什（Veronika Gulyas）的協(xié)助,。
譯者：Agatha
Hungary, whose social policies have sparked international condemnation over everything from its treatment of migrants to LGBTQ rights, now appears to be taking aim at educated women.
Having too many female college graduates threatens the economy and demographics by skewing education in their favor and making it more difficult for them to have children, according to a report by the State Audit Office. The work, entitled “Signs of Pink Education in Hungary?!,” was published on July 1 and reported by Nepszava newspaper.
The emergence of the report underscores just how Hungary is increasingly out of step with its fellow European Union members, not just politically but socially. Prime Minister Viktor Orban has sought to emphasize what he has described as “traditional” values in his self-proclaimed “illiberal democracy,” including enshrining in the constitution that a family is comprised by the union of a man and a woman.
“The brunt of inequality in Hungary is borne by women,” said Anna Komjathy of the Democratic Union of Teachers. “The notion that men’s access to higher education is hampered by women is frankly a joke.”
The study came from a separate state body and not the government, though it was quickly criticized by local media as the latest product of the macho political culture fostered by Orban, who refers to tough tasks as “work for men.” Like many European nations, Hungary suffers from a low birth rate, which Orban’s nationalist party says threatens the country’s future.
“Where there’s a difference in the educational attainment of a marrying couple, the bride is usually more educated than the groom,” according to the report. “If this tendency continues, the inequity in higher education may risk a drop in births due to the reduced probability of women choosing to marry and bear children.”
The study said this stemmed partly from women being over-represented in the teaching profession, leading to “male attributes being underrated, possibly penalized” in the classroom.
It didn’t mention gender inequality elsewhere. There’s just one woman in Orban’s 15-member cabinet, and women comprise about 13% of lawmakers in Hungary, the lowest ratio among the 38 members of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development after Japan.
—With assistance from Veronika Gulyas.
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