比特幣的價(jià)格于近期反彈至50000美元左右。去中心化金融正在努力成為主流,。但數(shù)字資產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域的投資者卻只想談?wù)摲峭|(zhì)化代幣(NFT),。
非同質(zhì)化代幣支持藝術(shù)品和收藏品的持有者跟蹤所有權(quán)情況。在今年春天比特幣價(jià)格暴跌期間,,NFT曾經(jīng)一度淡出了媒體的視野,,但如今它的熱度再次回升。無(wú)論是加密貨幣創(chuàng)業(yè)者孫宇晨以50萬(wàn)美元買(mǎi)下一張一塊石頭的圖片,,還是繪有企鵝和大猩猩的漫畫(huà),,誕生于加密貨幣所依賴的區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)的NFT再次成為投機(jī)的目標(biāo),帶動(dòng)了數(shù)字市場(chǎng)的火爆,。
萊斯·博爾紹伊最近花1300美元購(gòu)買(mǎi)了一幅矮胖企鵝(Pudgy Penguin)頭像,,作為送給侄女的生日禮物。位于洛杉磯的區(qū)塊鏈加密貨幣資產(chǎn)管理公司W(wǎng)ave Financial Group的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人博爾紹伊說(shuō):“我送給她這幅企鵝頭像幾天后,,它的價(jià)值就達(dá)到7000美元,。我當(dāng)時(shí)的第一個(gè)念頭是,為什么要把這只企鵝送給她呢,?”
NFT的再次火爆,,使其日銷(xiāo)售額在8月6日創(chuàng)下歷史新高。今年早些時(shí)候,,通過(guò)佳士得拍賣(mài)行出售的不止有畫(huà)著企鵝,、鴨子、大猩猩和機(jī)器人的數(shù)字藝術(shù)品,。從推特頭像到各種游戲,,再到最新的去中心化金融應(yīng)用程序,NFT如今無(wú)處不在,。去中心化金融應(yīng)用程序支持用戶借貸和交易加密貨幣,,在NFT誕生以前,這類(lèi)應(yīng)用程序一直是投機(jī)者的首選,。
與其他加密貨幣一樣,,NFT的再次火爆也遭到了質(zhì)疑。眾所周知,NFT,、藝術(shù)品和收藏品有一個(gè)共性,,就是其價(jià)值主張往往變化無(wú)常。當(dāng)它們與高度不穩(wěn)定的加密貨幣資產(chǎn)相結(jié)合的時(shí)候,,我們有理由謹(jǐn)慎應(yīng)對(duì),。這些代幣本身通常非常簡(jiǎn)單,比如頭像,,但也有一些代幣可以讓用戶解鎖新服務(wù),。
NFT想要取得成功并不容易。今年3月,,代幣Beeple大賺6900萬(wàn)美元,,引起轟動(dòng),但許多NFT最終都走向了失敗,,或者單價(jià)只能夠賣(mài)到幾美元,。
FRNT Financial的首席執(zhí)行官及聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人史蒂芬·奧雷特稱:“現(xiàn)在的情況就好像我聽(tīng)說(shuō)一名著名當(dāng)代畫(huà)家的某幅畫(huà)作賣(mài)了數(shù)百萬(wàn)美元,而毫無(wú)繪畫(huà)技巧或經(jīng)驗(yàn)的我卻說(shuō):‘我最好現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始畫(huà)畫(huà),,因?yàn)槲以诜忌袭?huà)的作品都可以賣(mài)幾百萬(wàn)美元,。’”
有些加密貨幣長(zhǎng)期支持者警告,,高漲的投資熱情難以持久,。他們認(rèn)為,NFT似乎是最新的加密貨幣泡沫,。
加密貨幣投資者,、彭博觀點(diǎn)(Bloomberg Opinion)專欄的撰稿人亞倫·布朗表示:“這些人的行動(dòng)過(guò)于遲緩,沒(méi)有抓住第一次機(jī)會(huì),。他們似乎是被金錢(qián)所驅(qū)動(dòng),,而不是被NFT的任何愿景所吸引,因此我認(rèn)為這個(gè)市場(chǎng)很快就會(huì)崩潰,?!?/p>
但這并沒(méi)有阻擋市場(chǎng)火爆的勢(shì)頭。全球最大的NFT交易平臺(tái)OpenSea的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人德文·芬澤表示,,預(yù)計(jì)該平臺(tái)今年8月的交易額將從7月的3億美元增長(zhǎng)到10億美元,,而在1月只有800萬(wàn)美元。
芬澤說(shuō):“我們預(yù)測(cè)交易額會(huì)大幅增長(zhǎng),。”他預(yù)計(jì)今年8月有600萬(wàn)人瀏覽了該平臺(tái),,而在1月只有40萬(wàn),。他估計(jì),每個(gè)月通過(guò)其平臺(tái)交易NFT的用戶從年初的幾萬(wàn)人增加到數(shù)十萬(wàn)人,。
這些代幣項(xiàng)目試圖利用代幣的稀缺性推動(dòng)價(jià)格上漲,,復(fù)制Beeple代幣的成功,。DraftKings Inc.公司宣布推出交易各種體育收藏品的NFT交易平臺(tái),包括有橄欖球明星湯姆·布雷迪簽名的數(shù)字卡,。阿里巴巴集團(tuán)控股有限公司也推出了一個(gè)交易平臺(tái),。演員米拉·庫(kù)尼斯、阿什頓·庫(kù)徹與以太坊的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人維塔利克·布特林合作推出了Stoner Cats NFT,。
這個(gè)趨勢(shì)引起了本杰明·譚(音譯)等資深加密貨幣投資者的關(guān)注,。過(guò)去幾周,這位35歲的創(chuàng)業(yè)者花大價(jià)錢(qián)收集矮胖企鵝NFT,,他表示這些企鵝可愛(ài)的臉頰和明亮的眼睛會(huì)讓他想到七個(gè)月大的女兒,。
NFT Stats的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,這一系列收藏品的平均單價(jià)這個(gè)月暴漲了一百多倍,,已經(jīng)達(dá)到約12000美元,。本杰明·譚表示,他最近以130枚以太幣(Ether)的價(jià)格,,賣(mài)掉了價(jià)值最高的企鵝(在沙灘上身穿菠蘿服裝)代幣,,相當(dāng)于41萬(wàn)美元,在他買(mǎi)下后的九天內(nèi)增值了160%,。
居住在新加坡的本杰明·譚說(shuō):“以前人們可能會(huì)用勞力士(Rolex)手表或者豪車(chē)來(lái)炫耀自己的實(shí)力?,F(xiàn)在人們炫耀的方式變成了非常獨(dú)特的頭像圖片?!?/p>
NFT也引起了主流公司的興趣,。8月23日,Visa宣布以約15萬(wàn)美元的價(jià)格買(mǎi)下了“CryptoPunk #7610”,。Visa的金融科技負(fù)責(zé)人特里·安杰洛斯表示,,公司的目的是了解如何處理NFT交易,盡管該支付服務(wù)公司并不提供NFT相關(guān)服務(wù),。
有些活動(dòng)背后的操作可能值得懷疑,。有賣(mài)方通過(guò)反復(fù)回收來(lái)炒高價(jià)格。
位于邁阿密的數(shù)字資產(chǎn)證券公司Securitize的首席執(zhí)行官卡洛斯·多明戈認(rèn)為,,NFT的技術(shù)是有價(jià)值的,,市場(chǎng)是有趣的,它的潛力也是巨大的,。但與每個(gè)不受監(jiān)管的市場(chǎng)一樣,,欺詐總是無(wú)法避免。
多明戈回憶自己曾經(jīng)看到有人在推文中吹噓他們創(chuàng)建了一種NFT,,然后在內(nèi)部反復(fù)交易使價(jià)格上漲了四倍,。他說(shuō):“這種行為在任何市場(chǎng)中都是完全違法的。”
芬澤指出,,虛假NFT,,例如有人拷貝了某位藝術(shù)家的數(shù)字作品,將其放到區(qū)塊鏈上,,然后以藝術(shù)家的名義作為NFT出售,,這已經(jīng)成為OpenSea平臺(tái)上的“一個(gè)嚴(yán)重”問(wèn)題。藝術(shù)家德里克·勞夫曼表示,,他在3月某天早上突然發(fā)現(xiàn),,有許多人發(fā)來(lái)電子郵件和推文,向他詢問(wèn)在幾個(gè)網(wǎng)站上出售的他的NFT是否合法,。顯然這些交易并不合法,。
勞夫曼稱:“有人看到上面有我的名字,就認(rèn)為這是安全的,,我認(rèn)為這是很愚蠢的,。而且確實(shí)有幾個(gè)人上當(dāng)受騙?!監(jiān)penSea表示,,該公司將推出能夠識(shí)別虛假NFT的新工具。
博爾紹伊表示,,NFT市場(chǎng)正在得到廣泛認(rèn)可,,正在建設(shè)的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施將使市場(chǎng)更具有可持續(xù)性。他最近買(mǎi)下了一項(xiàng)NFT資產(chǎn)——一位藝術(shù)家將為他制作一個(gè)可以發(fā)射到月球的火箭模型,。就像比特幣的支持者們一直承諾的那樣,。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
翻譯:劉進(jìn)龍
審校:汪皓
比特幣的價(jià)格于近期反彈至50000美元左右。去中心化金融正在努力成為主流,。但數(shù)字資產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域的投資者卻只想談?wù)摲峭|(zhì)化代幣(NFT),。
非同質(zhì)化代幣支持藝術(shù)品和收藏品的持有者跟蹤所有權(quán)情況。在今年春天比特幣價(jià)格暴跌期間,,NFT曾經(jīng)一度淡出了媒體的視野,,但如今它的熱度再次回升。無(wú)論是加密貨幣創(chuàng)業(yè)者孫宇晨以50萬(wàn)美元買(mǎi)下一張一塊石頭的圖片,,還是繪有企鵝和大猩猩的漫畫(huà),,誕生于加密貨幣所依賴的區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)的NFT再次成為投機(jī)的目標(biāo),帶動(dòng)了數(shù)字市場(chǎng)的火爆,。
萊斯·博爾紹伊最近花1300美元購(gòu)買(mǎi)了一幅矮胖企鵝(Pudgy Penguin)頭像,,作為送給侄女的生日禮物。位于洛杉磯的區(qū)塊鏈加密貨幣資產(chǎn)管理公司W(wǎng)ave Financial Group的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人博爾紹伊說(shuō):“我送給她這幅企鵝頭像幾天后,,它的價(jià)值就達(dá)到7000美元,。我當(dāng)時(shí)的第一個(gè)念頭是,,為什么要把這只企鵝送給她呢,?”
NFT的再次火爆,,使其日銷(xiāo)售額在8月6日創(chuàng)下歷史新高。今年早些時(shí)候,,通過(guò)佳士得拍賣(mài)行出售的不止有畫(huà)著企鵝,、鴨子、大猩猩和機(jī)器人的數(shù)字藝術(shù)品,。從推特頭像到各種游戲,,再到最新的去中心化金融應(yīng)用程序,NFT如今無(wú)處不在,。去中心化金融應(yīng)用程序支持用戶借貸和交易加密貨幣,,在NFT誕生以前,這類(lèi)應(yīng)用程序一直是投機(jī)者的首選,。
與其他加密貨幣一樣,,NFT的再次火爆也遭到了質(zhì)疑。眾所周知,,NFT,、藝術(shù)品和收藏品有一個(gè)共性,就是其價(jià)值主張往往變化無(wú)常,。當(dāng)它們與高度不穩(wěn)定的加密貨幣資產(chǎn)相結(jié)合的時(shí)候,,我們有理由謹(jǐn)慎應(yīng)對(duì)。這些代幣本身通常非常簡(jiǎn)單,,比如頭像,,但也有一些代幣可以讓用戶解鎖新服務(wù)。
NFT想要取得成功并不容易,。今年3月,,代幣Beeple大賺6900萬(wàn)美元,引起轟動(dòng),,但許多NFT最終都走向了失敗,,或者單價(jià)只能夠賣(mài)到幾美元。
FRNT Financial的首席執(zhí)行官及聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人史蒂芬·奧雷特稱:“現(xiàn)在的情況就好像我聽(tīng)說(shuō)一名著名當(dāng)代畫(huà)家的某幅畫(huà)作賣(mài)了數(shù)百萬(wàn)美元,,而毫無(wú)繪畫(huà)技巧或經(jīng)驗(yàn)的我卻說(shuō):‘我最好現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始畫(huà)畫(huà),,因?yàn)槲以诜忌袭?huà)的作品都可以賣(mài)幾百萬(wàn)美元?!?/p>
有些加密貨幣長(zhǎng)期支持者警告,,高漲的投資熱情難以持久。他們認(rèn)為,,NFT似乎是最新的加密貨幣泡沫,。
加密貨幣投資者,、彭博觀點(diǎn)(Bloomberg Opinion)專欄的撰稿人亞倫·布朗表示:“這些人的行動(dòng)過(guò)于遲緩,沒(méi)有抓住第一次機(jī)會(huì),。他們似乎是被金錢(qián)所驅(qū)動(dòng),,而不是被NFT的任何愿景所吸引,因此我認(rèn)為這個(gè)市場(chǎng)很快就會(huì)崩潰,?!?/p>
但這并沒(méi)有阻擋市場(chǎng)火爆的勢(shì)頭。全球最大的NFT交易平臺(tái)OpenSea的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人德文·芬澤表示,,預(yù)計(jì)該平臺(tái)今年8月的交易額將從7月的3億美元增長(zhǎng)到10億美元,,而在1月只有800萬(wàn)美元。
芬澤說(shuō):“我們預(yù)測(cè)交易額會(huì)大幅增長(zhǎng),?!彼A(yù)計(jì)今年8月有600萬(wàn)人瀏覽了該平臺(tái),而在1月只有40萬(wàn),。他估計(jì),,每個(gè)月通過(guò)其平臺(tái)交易NFT的用戶從年初的幾萬(wàn)人增加到數(shù)十萬(wàn)人。
這些代幣項(xiàng)目試圖利用代幣的稀缺性推動(dòng)價(jià)格上漲,,復(fù)制Beeple代幣的成功,。DraftKings Inc.公司宣布推出交易各種體育收藏品的NFT交易平臺(tái),包括有橄欖球明星湯姆·布雷迪簽名的數(shù)字卡,。阿里巴巴集團(tuán)控股有限公司也推出了一個(gè)交易平臺(tái),。演員米拉·庫(kù)尼斯、阿什頓·庫(kù)徹與以太坊的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人維塔利克·布特林合作推出了Stoner Cats NFT,。
這個(gè)趨勢(shì)引起了本杰明·譚(音譯)等資深加密貨幣投資者的關(guān)注,。過(guò)去幾周,這位35歲的創(chuàng)業(yè)者花大價(jià)錢(qián)收集矮胖企鵝NFT,,他表示這些企鵝可愛(ài)的臉頰和明亮的眼睛會(huì)讓他想到七個(gè)月大的女兒,。
NFT Stats的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,這一系列收藏品的平均單價(jià)這個(gè)月暴漲了一百多倍,,已經(jīng)達(dá)到約12000美元,。本杰明·譚表示,他最近以130枚以太幣(Ether)的價(jià)格,,賣(mài)掉了價(jià)值最高的企鵝(在沙灘上身穿菠蘿服裝)代幣,,相當(dāng)于41萬(wàn)美元,在他買(mǎi)下后的九天內(nèi)增值了160%,。
居住在新加坡的本杰明·譚說(shuō):“以前人們可能會(huì)用勞力士(Rolex)手表或者豪車(chē)來(lái)炫耀自己的實(shí)力?,F(xiàn)在人們炫耀的方式變成了非常獨(dú)特的頭像圖片?!?/p>
NFT也引起了主流公司的興趣,。8月23日,,Visa宣布以約15萬(wàn)美元的價(jià)格買(mǎi)下了“CryptoPunk #7610”。Visa的金融科技負(fù)責(zé)人特里·安杰洛斯表示,,公司的目的是了解如何處理NFT交易,,盡管該支付服務(wù)公司并不提供NFT相關(guān)服務(wù)。
有些活動(dòng)背后的操作可能值得懷疑,。有賣(mài)方通過(guò)反復(fù)回收來(lái)炒高價(jià)格,。
位于邁阿密的數(shù)字資產(chǎn)證券公司Securitize的首席執(zhí)行官卡洛斯·多明戈認(rèn)為,NFT的技術(shù)是有價(jià)值的,,市場(chǎng)是有趣的,它的潛力也是巨大的,。但與每個(gè)不受監(jiān)管的市場(chǎng)一樣,,欺詐總是無(wú)法避免。
多明戈回憶自己曾經(jīng)看到有人在推文中吹噓他們創(chuàng)建了一種NFT,,然后在內(nèi)部反復(fù)交易使價(jià)格上漲了四倍,。他說(shuō):“這種行為在任何市場(chǎng)中都是完全違法的?!?/p>
芬澤指出,,虛假NFT,例如有人拷貝了某位藝術(shù)家的數(shù)字作品,,將其放到區(qū)塊鏈上,,然后以藝術(shù)家的名義作為NFT出售,這已經(jīng)成為OpenSea平臺(tái)上的“一個(gè)嚴(yán)重”問(wèn)題,。藝術(shù)家德里克·勞夫曼表示,,他在3月某天早上突然發(fā)現(xiàn),有許多人發(fā)來(lái)電子郵件和推文,,向他詢問(wèn)在幾個(gè)網(wǎng)站上出售的他的NFT是否合法,。顯然這些交易并不合法。
勞夫曼稱:“有人看到上面有我的名字,,就認(rèn)為這是安全的,,我認(rèn)為這是很愚蠢的。而且確實(shí)有幾個(gè)人上當(dāng)受騙,?!監(jiān)penSea表示,該公司將推出能夠識(shí)別虛假NFT的新工具,。
博爾紹伊表示,,NFT市場(chǎng)正在得到廣泛認(rèn)可,正在建設(shè)的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施將使市場(chǎng)更具有可持續(xù)性,。他最近買(mǎi)下了一項(xiàng)NFT資產(chǎn)——一位藝術(shù)家將為他制作一個(gè)可以發(fā)射到月球的火箭模型,。就像比特幣的支持者們一直承諾的那樣,。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
翻譯:劉進(jìn)龍
審校:汪皓
Bitcoin’s bouncing around $50,000 recently. DeFi is seeking to go mainstream. But all anyone in the digital-asset world wants to talk about are NFTs.
Non-fungible tokens, which allow holders of art and collectibles to track ownership, are staging a resurgence after fading from the headlines during Bitcoin’s springtime swoon. Whether it’s crypto entrepreneur Justin Sun paying $500,000 for a picture of a rock, or cartoonish depictions of penguins and apes, NFTs -- born of the blockchain technology that powers cryptocurrencies -- are again at the center of the speculative buzz that drives digital markets.
Les Borsai recently spent $1,300 on a Pudgy Penguin for his niece’s birthday. “I sent her this penguin and a few days later, that penguin was worth $7,000,” said Borsai, co-founder of Los Angeles-based blockchain-crypto asset manager Wave Financial Group. “And the first thing I thought to myself was, why did I send her that penguin?”
The renewed frenzy in interest helped push NFT daily sales to an all-time high on Aug 6. It’s not just the cartoons of penguins, ducks, apes and robots augmenting the digital art sold earlier this year through Christie’s. NFTs are now being embedded into everything from Twitter profile pictures to games to the latest decentralized-finance apps, which let people borrow, lend and trade coins and which had been the speculators’ choice du jour until NFTs came along.
Like the rest of the crypto world, the reappearance of NFTs has brought out doubters too. Art and collectibles -- and NFTs share traits of both -- are notoriously fickle value propositions. Combine them with something as volatile as crypto assets, and there is reason to proceed cautiously. The tokens themselves are often rudimentary -- little more than profile pictures -- while others let users unlock new services.
And success hasn’t been easy to come by. For all the hoopla around Beeple’s $69 million windfall in March, plenty of NFTs end up languishing or selling for a few dollars apiece.
“What is happening right now is the equivalent of me hearing that a major contemporary painter has sold something for millions of dollars and I, someone with no art skill or experience says, ‘Well I guess I better start painting because any paint on canvas is selling for millions,’” said Stephane Ouellette, chief executive and co-founder of FRNT Financial.
And some long-time crypto advocates are warning the heightened interest can’t sustain itself for much longer. The sector, they argue, looks to be the latest crypto bubble.
“These were people too slow to capitalize the first time around,” said Aaron Brown, a crypto investor who writes for Bloomberg Opinion. “Since all of them seem driven by cynical calculation for money rather than any vision of NFTs, I suspect things will soon collapse.”
That hasn’t slowed the momentum yet. OpenSea, the world’s biggest NFT marketplace, expects to see $1 billion in transaction volume this month, up from $300 million in July and $8 million in January, said Devin Finzer, co-founder of the platform.
“We are seeing a giant growth curve,” said Finzer, who expects up to 6 million people to browse the site this month, compared with 400,000 in January. He estimates that hundreds of thousands are buying and selling NFTs through the site monthly, up from tens of thousands in the beginning of the year.
The projects are trying to replicated Beeple’s success of creating value through scarcity. DraftKings Inc. announced its own NFT marketplace with a slew of sports collectibles, including digital cards signed by football great Tom Brady. Alibaba Group Holdings Ltd. launched a marketplace. Actors Mila Kunis and Ashton Kutcher and Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin have teamed up on Stoner Cats NFTs.
Savvy crypto investors such as Benjamin Tan have taken notice. Over the past few weeks, the 35-year-old entrepreneur has gone on a shopping spree to collect Pudgy Penguins NFTs, saying their cute cheeks and bright eyes are reminiscent of his seven-month-old daughter.
The average price for each collectible in the series has skyrocketed more than a hundred times just this month to the equivalent of about $12,000, NFT Stats show. Tan said he recently sold his highest-valued penguin -- one in a pineapple suit on a beach -- for 130 Ether, or roughly $410,000, a 160% jump over his nine days of ownership.
“In the past, people probably flexed using a Rolex or expensive car,” said Tan, who lives in Singapore. “The new ‘it’ way to flex now is a very exclusive profile picture.”
Mainstream corporations are getting interested too. On Aug. 23, Visa said it bought CryptoPunk #7610 for about $150,000. Terry Angelos, Visa’s head of fintech, said the goal was to learn about handling NFT transactions even though the payments company doesn’t provide NFT-related services.
Some of the activity may also be driven by questionable practices. Some sellers are driving up prices via recycling.
Carlos Domingo, chief executive officer of digital-asset securities firm Securitize in Miami, said the technology is valuable, the market is interesting and it has huge potential. But, as is the case with every unregulated market, scams can happen.
He recalls seeing a tweet of someone boasting that they had created an NFT and sold it back and forth to themselves until the price had run up by four. “In any market, that would be totally illegal,” Domingo said.
Fake NFTs -- whereby someone copies an artist’s digital work, places it on the blockchain and sells it in the artist’s name as an NFT -- have become “a significant” problem on OpenSea, Finzer said. Artist Derek Laufman said he woke one morning in March to find emails and tweets asking him if his NFTs for sale on a couple of sites were legit -- they were not.
“It sort of seemed silly to me that this thing that’s supposed to be secure is being represented with my name on it,” Laufman said. “And a couple of people did buy it.” OpenSea is implementing new tools to catch fake NFTs, the company said.
Borsai, for his part, said the market’s being recognized in a big way and the infrastructure getting built up makes it more sustainable. He recently bought an NFT whereby an artist will build him a model rocket -- one that shoots off toward the moon. Just like advocates of Bitcoin have long promised.