1月11日,,印尼的最高藥品監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)批準(zhǔn)緊急使用中國(guó)制藥商科興生物研發(fā)的疫苗,,預(yù)計(jì)本周晚些時(shí)候總統(tǒng)佐科?維多多將啟動(dòng)疫苗接種,,屆時(shí)會(huì)在全國(guó)電視臺(tái)直播注射。
在此之前,,印尼的最高伊斯蘭組織伊斯蘭教傳教士理事會(huì)(Indonesian Ulema Council)于1月8日宣布,,已經(jīng)認(rèn)定科興疫苗“神圣且清真”,符合伊斯蘭教義,,這是贏得世界上最大的穆斯林國(guó)家信任的關(guān)鍵一步,。
印尼是亞洲疫情最嚴(yán)重的國(guó)家之一,新冠感染病例將近90萬(wàn)例,,約2.5萬(wàn)人死亡,。目前,印尼正在抗擊最為嚴(yán)峻的一波感染,。據(jù)報(bào)道,,本周每日新增病例超過(guò)1萬(wàn)例,為疫情爆發(fā)以來(lái)首次單日破萬(wàn),。
1月13日,,印尼啟動(dòng)了大規(guī)模的疫苗接種,在未來(lái)15個(gè)月內(nèi)將為超過(guò)1.8億人接種疫苗,。印尼將跟全球許多國(guó)家一樣大力推動(dòng)疫苗接種,,爭(zhēng)取盡快終結(jié)毀滅性的新冠疫情。但是,,印尼作為擁有人口數(shù)量排名全球第四的國(guó)家,,疫苗接種工作與其他國(guó)家并不一樣,原因不僅僅是科興疫苗獲得了“清真”標(biāo)簽,。印尼疫苗接種的獨(dú)特之處在于,,不會(huì)遵循優(yōu)先老年人的全球趨勢(shì)。
美國(guó)疾病控制中心(Centers for Disease Control)表示,,疫苗接種的主要目標(biāo)是“盡可能減少死亡和重癥”,。因此,該中心建議先給養(yǎng)老院人口和工作人員接種疫苗,,因?yàn)檫@個(gè)群體極易感染新冠病毒,,然后是75歲以上的老人和其他一線(xiàn)工作人員。英國(guó)也優(yōu)先為老年人注射疫苗,,盡可能防止死亡,。
截至2020年12月中旬,印尼60歲以上人口的死亡案例占全國(guó)死亡人數(shù)的40%,,而46歲至59歲的人口占36%,。但在12月中旬,印尼宣布疫苗計(jì)劃將優(yōu)先考慮一線(xiàn)醫(yī)務(wù)工作者和其他重要工作者,將老年人口排在最后,。印尼的衛(wèi)生部部長(zhǎng)告訴彭博社(Bloomberg),,之所以?xún)?yōu)先為非老年人群接種,主要因?yàn)槔夏耆巳航臃N疫苗的安全數(shù)據(jù)不足,。
印尼官員表示,,年輕人更傾向于社交,所以該戰(zhàn)略有助于更快地限制新冠病毒傳播,。還有一些證據(jù)顯示,,跟老年人相比,年輕人傳播新冠病毒的速度更快,。專(zhuān)家警告稱(chēng),,先給年輕人接種疫苗可能有助于減緩病毒的傳播,但可能無(wú)法降低老年群體的新冠死亡人數(shù),。
香港城市大學(xué)的衛(wèi)生治理教授尼古拉斯?托馬斯表示,,印尼的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況可能也是政府采取該策略的動(dòng)機(jī)。
托馬斯說(shuō):“印尼將目標(biāo)對(duì)準(zhǔn)勞動(dòng)年齡人口的決策表明,,政府急需重啟經(jīng)濟(jì),。預(yù)計(jì)今年貧困和糧食不足都將以?xún)晌粩?shù)增長(zhǎng)。政府努力盡快復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn),,從而遏制負(fù)面趨勢(shì),。”
2020年,,印尼經(jīng)濟(jì)遭逢二十年來(lái)首次衰退,,二季度和三季度的經(jīng)濟(jì)增速分別降低5.3%和3.5%??傮w而言,預(yù)計(jì)2020年經(jīng)濟(jì)將萎縮1%至2%,。
印尼當(dāng)局表示,,已經(jīng)審查了印尼、土耳其和巴西三個(gè)國(guó)家的三期試驗(yàn)臨床數(shù)據(jù),,于1月11日批準(zhǔn)了中國(guó)科興生物公司生產(chǎn)的疫苗,。
上周,巴西有關(guān)部門(mén)表示,,科興疫苗預(yù)防新冠感染的有效性為78%,,但沒(méi)有公開(kāi)披露相關(guān)的支持?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)。
迄今為止,,印尼在推行傾向年輕人的疫苗接種策略方面最為坦率,,但可能不是唯一如此選擇的國(guó)家。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:曉維
審校:夏林
1月11日,印尼的最高藥品監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)批準(zhǔn)緊急使用中國(guó)制藥商科興生物研發(fā)的疫苗,,預(yù)計(jì)本周晚些時(shí)候總統(tǒng)佐科?維多多將啟動(dòng)疫苗接種,,屆時(shí)會(huì)在全國(guó)電視臺(tái)直播注射。
在此之前,,印尼的最高伊斯蘭組織伊斯蘭教傳教士理事會(huì)(Indonesian Ulema Council)于1月8日宣布,,已經(jīng)認(rèn)定科興疫苗“神圣且清真”,符合伊斯蘭教義,,這是贏得世界上最大的穆斯林國(guó)家信任的關(guān)鍵一步,。
印尼是亞洲疫情最嚴(yán)重的國(guó)家之一,新冠感染病例將近90萬(wàn)例,,約2.5萬(wàn)人死亡,。目前,印尼正在抗擊最為嚴(yán)峻的一波感染,。據(jù)報(bào)道,,本周每日新增病例超過(guò)1萬(wàn)例,為疫情爆發(fā)以來(lái)首次單日破萬(wàn),。
1月13日,,印尼啟動(dòng)了大規(guī)模的疫苗接種,在未來(lái)15個(gè)月內(nèi)將為超過(guò)1.8億人接種疫苗,。印尼將跟全球許多國(guó)家一樣大力推動(dòng)疫苗接種,,爭(zhēng)取盡快終結(jié)毀滅性的新冠疫情。但是,,印尼作為擁有人口數(shù)量排名全球第四的國(guó)家,,疫苗接種工作與其他國(guó)家并不一樣,原因不僅僅是科興疫苗獲得了“清真”標(biāo)簽,。印尼疫苗接種的獨(dú)特之處在于,,不會(huì)遵循優(yōu)先老年人的全球趨勢(shì)。
美國(guó)疾病控制中心(Centers for Disease Control)表示,,疫苗接種的主要目標(biāo)是“盡可能減少死亡和重癥”,。因此,該中心建議先給養(yǎng)老院人口和工作人員接種疫苗,,因?yàn)檫@個(gè)群體極易感染新冠病毒,,然后是75歲以上的老人和其他一線(xiàn)工作人員。英國(guó)也優(yōu)先為老年人注射疫苗,,盡可能防止死亡,。
截至2020年12月中旬,印尼60歲以上人口的死亡案例占全國(guó)死亡人數(shù)的40%,,而46歲至59歲的人口占36%,。但在12月中旬,印尼宣布疫苗計(jì)劃將優(yōu)先考慮一線(xiàn)醫(yī)務(wù)工作者和其他重要工作者,將老年人口排在最后,。印尼的衛(wèi)生部部長(zhǎng)告訴彭博社(Bloomberg),,之所以?xún)?yōu)先為非老年人群接種,主要因?yàn)槔夏耆巳航臃N疫苗的安全數(shù)據(jù)不足,。
印尼官員表示,,年輕人更傾向于社交,所以該戰(zhàn)略有助于更快地限制新冠病毒傳播,。還有一些證據(jù)顯示,,跟老年人相比,年輕人傳播新冠病毒的速度更快,。專(zhuān)家警告稱(chēng),,先給年輕人接種疫苗可能有助于減緩病毒的傳播,但可能無(wú)法降低老年群體的新冠死亡人數(shù),。
香港城市大學(xué)的衛(wèi)生治理教授尼古拉斯?托馬斯表示,,印尼的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況可能也是政府采取該策略的動(dòng)機(jī)。
托馬斯說(shuō):“印尼將目標(biāo)對(duì)準(zhǔn)勞動(dòng)年齡人口的決策表明,,政府急需重啟經(jīng)濟(jì),。預(yù)計(jì)今年貧困和糧食不足都將以?xún)晌粩?shù)增長(zhǎng)。政府努力盡快復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn),,從而遏制負(fù)面趨勢(shì),。”
2020年,,印尼經(jīng)濟(jì)遭逢二十年來(lái)首次衰退,,二季度和三季度的經(jīng)濟(jì)增速分別降低5.3%和3.5%??傮w而言,,預(yù)計(jì)2020年經(jīng)濟(jì)將萎縮1%至2%。
印尼當(dāng)局表示,,已經(jīng)審查了印尼,、土耳其和巴西三個(gè)國(guó)家的三期試驗(yàn)臨床數(shù)據(jù),于1月11日批準(zhǔn)了中國(guó)科興生物公司生產(chǎn)的疫苗,。
上周,,巴西有關(guān)部門(mén)表示,,科興疫苗預(yù)防新冠感染的有效性為78%,,但沒(méi)有公開(kāi)披露相關(guān)的支持?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)。
迄今為止,,印尼在推行傾向年輕人的疫苗接種策略方面最為坦率,,但可能不是唯一如此選擇的國(guó)家。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:曉維
審校:夏林
On January 11, Indonesia’s top drug regulator approved Sinovac’s COVID-19 vaccine for emergency use, and President Joko Widodo is expected to kick-start the country’s vaccination drive later this week by being publicly injected with the vaccine developed by the Chinese drugmaker on national TV.
The approval followed the January 8 announcement by the Indonesian Ulema Council, the country’s top Islamic body, that it had deemed Sinovac’s vaccine “holy and halal,” or acceptable under Islam, a critical step in earning trust in the world’s largest Muslim nation.
Indonesia has been one of Asia’s hardest-hit countries in the pandemic, recording nearly 900,000 cases of COVID-19 and nearly 25,000 deaths. Now the country is battling a record wave of COVID-19 infections, reporting over 10,000 new cases per day this week for the first time since the onset of the pandemic.
In starting its ambitious campaign on January 13 to vaccinate over 180 million people in the next 15 months, Indonesia will join a host of countries across the globe in rolling out jabs that could help end the devastating pandemic. But the vaccination effort of the world’s fourth most populous nation will stand out, not just because the Sinovac doses earned the “halal” label. Indonesia is also unique in that its inoculation campaign will defy the worldwide trend of targeting the elderly first.
In the U.S., the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) says that one of the main aims of its vaccine rollout is to “decrease death and serious disease as much as possible.” Therefore, the CDC recommends vaccinating nursing home populations and the facilities’ workers first, because these residents are particularly vulnerable to COVID-19, before rolling vaccines out to those ages 75 and older and other frontline workers. The U.K. is also injecting seniors first in an effort to prevent as many deaths as possible.
In Indonesia, people ages 60 and older account for 40% of the country’s COVID-19 deaths, compared with 36% for those ages 46 to 59, as of mid-December 2020. But in mid-December, Indonesia announced that its vaccine plan would prioritize frontline medical workers and other essential workers and place elderly populations at the end of the line. Indonesia’s health minister told Bloomberg that its vaccine plan would target non-elderly populations first because there wasn’t enough vaccine safety data on elderly populations.
Indonesian officials say that this strategy will help limit the spread of COVID-19 faster, given that younger populations are more prone to socializing. There is also some evidence that suggests young people spread COVID-19 at a higher rate than their older peers. Experts have cautioned that inoculating younger people first may help slow the spread of the virus, but it might not bring down COVID-19 fatalities among the country’s elderly.
Nicholas Thomas, professor of health governance at the City University of Hong Kong, says the economy is likely a motive in the strategy too.
“The decision to target the working-age population is indicative of the Indonesian government’s urgent need to restart its economy,” said Thomas. “National poverty and food insecurity are both expected to jump by double-digits this year. [By] getting the country back to work faster, the government is trying to mitigate these negative trends.”
In 2020, Indonesia’s economy entered a recession for the first time in two decades, shrinking 5.3% and 3.5%, respectively, in the second and third quarters. Overall, the economy is expected to have shrunk by a projected 1% to 2% in 2020.
Indonesian authorities said they approved Sinovac’s vaccine on January 11 after reviewing clinical data from Phase III trials in Indonesia, Turkey, and Brazil.
Last week Brazilian authorities said Sinovac’s vaccine was 78% effective in preventing COVID-19 infections, but didn’t publicly disclose data to back up its claims.
Indonesia has been the most candid thus far in pursuing a more youth-oriented vaccination strategy, but it may not be the only country to do so.