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疫苗運輸條件太高,,輝瑞正在努力“貼近現(xiàn)實”

David Z. Morris
2020-12-02

輝瑞稱,改進后的疫苗可以在普通的冰箱溫度中儲存,。

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輝瑞11月初宣布的新冠病毒候選疫苗附加了一個重要的條件:疫苗必須儲存在零下70攝氏度的超低溫環(huán)境中,。該條件可能會延遲其在農(nóng)村地區(qū)和發(fā)展中國家的配送,而且意味著疫苗必須存放在價值高達2萬美元的專業(yè)冷凍柜中,,但這類冷凍柜在醫(yī)療研究機構(gòu)之外十分少見,。

然而,這個問題可能只是臨時的,。專家們說,,疫苗的低溫存儲要求可能會變得不再那么苛刻,因為屆時人們會對疫苗在較高溫度環(huán)境下的表現(xiàn)有更多的了解,。

約翰斯·霍普金斯大學的醫(yī)療物流專家戴廷龍稱,,如果輝瑞最終調(diào)整了其疫苗的存儲要求,也沒有什么可以大驚小怪的,。他說,,有鑒于當前的存儲要求,“他們會更加謹慎,?!?/p>

美國國家過敏癥和傳染病研究所疫苗研究中心(Vaccine Research Center at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases)的副主任巴尼·格拉漢姆說:“你只能在已經(jīng)被證實和記錄的存儲環(huán)境下使用[某種]疫苗?!币呙玳_發(fā)的早期研究通常在更加謹慎的環(huán)境下進行,,但格拉漢姆稱,隨后的測試可能會展現(xiàn)疫苗在各種環(huán)境下的耐受度,。

Moderna的候選疫苗也遇到了同樣的問題,,該公司使用類似于輝瑞的技術(shù)來引發(fā)病毒免疫,。就在今年8月,業(yè)界曾經(jīng)預計Moderna會申請疫苗批準,,并采用類似于輝瑞的存儲標準,。

然而在11月16日,也就是公司宣布其大規(guī)模臨床試驗結(jié)果的同一天,,Moderna稱其候選疫苗在零下20攝氏度的標準冷凍柜中能夠存儲高達6個月的時間,,在2至8攝氏度的普通冰箱中可以存儲高達30天的時間。

不過,,輝瑞拒絕對調(diào)整其當前候選疫苗存儲要求的可能性進行置評,。

戴廷龍稱,調(diào)整存儲要求會大大降低將輝瑞疫苗運輸至遠離科研醫(yī)院人群的難度,。美國疾控中心(CDC)在其當前的“疫苗手冊”上并不建議當?shù)匾呙缃?jīng)理購買專業(yè)冷凍柜,。

為了幫助運送疫苗,輝瑞研制了一個運輸箱,,在不開箱的情況下,,箱內(nèi)零下70攝氏度的溫度最多能夠維持10天。如果定期補充干冰,,最多可以維持30天,。

然而,使用運輸箱存在風險,。戴廷龍說:“每一次補充干冰都會為犯錯創(chuàng)造機會,。”

輝瑞存儲條件的任何調(diào)整都不大可能對有望于2021年年初開始的第一波疫苗分發(fā)帶來影響,。當然,,前提是疫苗的運送得到聯(lián)邦政府的批準。

然而,,輝瑞確實承認,,自己正在研發(fā)具有更好耐受度的“凍干”疫苗。公司稱,,這種疫苗能夠在普通的冰箱溫度中儲存,,或?qū)⒂?022年面世。美國食品與藥品管理局(Food and Drug Administration)在輝瑞開展額外的臨床試驗后必將批準新版本的疫苗,。

凱瑟家族基金會(Kaiser Family Foundation)的全球健康政策副主任約書亞·米查德表示,,輝瑞還可以重新研發(fā)其疫苗核心外圍的脂質(zhì)保護層,。Moderna稱,,其特殊脂質(zhì)外殼技術(shù)是其疫苗擁有較高耐受度的關(guān)鍵。

如今,,輝瑞的疫苗存儲要求并不是很嚴重的問題,,因為包括阿斯利康公司在內(nèi)的那些易于存儲的候選疫苗都還在等待獲批,。這些耐受度更好的疫苗可以被運送至那些缺乏安全存儲輝瑞疫苗所需設(shè)備的地區(qū)。

然而戴稱,,這個挑戰(zhàn)所面臨的前所未有的規(guī)?!M快給全球幾乎所有人口接種疫苗——意味著短期內(nèi)需要大量的疫苗。問題在于,,耐受度更高的疫苗是否會像輝瑞的疫苗那樣很快面世,,這樣的話也就更容易保護那些位于偏僻角落的病患。 (財富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:馮豐

審校:夏林

輝瑞11月初宣布的新冠病毒候選疫苗附加了一個重要的條件:疫苗必須儲存在零下70攝氏度的超低溫環(huán)境中,。該條件可能會延遲其在農(nóng)村地區(qū)和發(fā)展中國家的配送,,而且意味著疫苗必須存放在價值高達2萬美元的專業(yè)冷凍柜中,但這類冷凍柜在醫(yī)療研究機構(gòu)之外十分少見,。

然而,,這個問題可能只是臨時的。專家們說,,疫苗的低溫存儲要求可能會變得不再那么苛刻,,因為屆時人們會對疫苗在較高溫度環(huán)境下的表現(xiàn)有更多的了解。

約翰斯·霍普金斯大學的醫(yī)療物流專家戴廷龍稱,,如果輝瑞最終調(diào)整了其疫苗的存儲要求,,也沒有什么可以大驚小怪的。他說,,有鑒于當前的存儲要求,,“他們會更加謹慎?!?/p>

美國國家過敏癥和傳染病研究所疫苗研究中心(Vaccine Research Center at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases)的副主任巴尼·格拉漢姆說:“你只能在已經(jīng)被證實和記錄的存儲環(huán)境下使用[某種]疫苗,。”疫苗開發(fā)的早期研究通常在更加謹慎的環(huán)境下進行,,但格拉漢姆稱,,隨后的測試可能會展現(xiàn)疫苗在各種環(huán)境下的耐受度。

Moderna的候選疫苗也遇到了同樣的問題,,該公司使用類似于輝瑞的技術(shù)來引發(fā)病毒免疫,。就在今年8月,業(yè)界曾經(jīng)預計Moderna會申請疫苗批準,,并采用類似于輝瑞的存儲標準,。

然而在11月16日,也就是公司宣布其大規(guī)模臨床試驗結(jié)果的同一天,,Moderna稱其候選疫苗在零下20攝氏度的標準冷凍柜中能夠存儲高達6個月的時間,,在2至8攝氏度的普通冰箱中可以存儲高達30天的時間。

不過,,輝瑞拒絕對調(diào)整其當前候選疫苗存儲要求的可能性進行置評,。

戴廷龍稱,,調(diào)整存儲要求會大大降低將輝瑞疫苗運輸至遠離科研醫(yī)院人群的難度。美國疾控中心(CDC)在其當前的“疫苗手冊”上并不建議當?shù)匾呙缃?jīng)理購買專業(yè)冷凍柜,。

為了幫助運送疫苗,,輝瑞研制了一個運輸箱,在不開箱的情況下,,箱內(nèi)零下70攝氏度的溫度最多能夠維持10天,。如果定期補充干冰,最多可以維持30天,。

然而,,使用運輸箱存在風險。戴廷龍說:“每一次補充干冰都會為犯錯創(chuàng)造機會,?!?/p>

輝瑞存儲條件的任何調(diào)整都不大可能對有望于2021年年初開始的第一波疫苗分發(fā)帶來影響。當然,,前提是疫苗的運送得到聯(lián)邦政府的批準,。

然而,輝瑞確實承認,,自己正在研發(fā)具有更好耐受度的“凍干”疫苗,。公司稱,這種疫苗能夠在普通的冰箱溫度中儲存,,或?qū)⒂?022年面世,。美國食品與藥品管理局(Food and Drug Administration)在輝瑞開展額外的臨床試驗后必將批準新版本的疫苗。

凱瑟家族基金會(Kaiser Family Foundation)的全球健康政策副主任約書亞·米查德表示,,輝瑞還可以重新研發(fā)其疫苗核心外圍的脂質(zhì)保護層,。Moderna稱,其特殊脂質(zhì)外殼技術(shù)是其疫苗擁有較高耐受度的關(guān)鍵,。

如今,,輝瑞的疫苗存儲要求并不是很嚴重的問題,因為包括阿斯利康公司在內(nèi)的那些易于存儲的候選疫苗都還在等待獲批,。這些耐受度更好的疫苗可以被運送至那些缺乏安全存儲輝瑞疫苗所需設(shè)備的地區(qū),。

然而戴稱,這個挑戰(zhàn)所面臨的前所未有的規(guī)?!M快給全球幾乎所有人口接種疫苗——意味著短期內(nèi)需要大量的疫苗,。問題在于,耐受度更高的疫苗是否會像輝瑞的疫苗那樣很快面世,,這樣的話也就更容易保護那些位于偏僻角落的病患,。 (財富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:馮豐

審校:夏林

Pfizer’s coronavirus vaccine candidate, announced earlier November, comes with a major complication that could delay its distribution in rural areas and developing countries: It must be stored at the ultra-cold temperature of -70°C. That means the vaccine must be kept in specialized freezers that cost as much as $20,000 each and are rare outside of medical research facilities.

But that problem may just be temporary. Experts say that the vaccine's cold storage requirements may become less stringent as more is learned about how the vaccine reacts to warmer temperatures.

Tinglong Dai, a medical logistics specialist at Johns Hopkins University, says he wouldn’t be surprised if Pfizer eventually revises the storage requirements for its vaccine. With the current storage requirements, Dai says, “they’re being more cautious.”

“You can only use [a] vaccine at storage conditions that have been proven and documented,” said Barney Graham, Deputy Director of the Vaccine Research Center at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Early research during a vaccine's development is often done under more cautious conditions, but according to Graham, later testing can demonstrate a vaccine's durability under a wider range of conditions.

This dynamic has already played out with a vaccine candidate from Moderna, which uses similar technology to Pfizer’s to trigger viral immunity. As recently as August, Moderna was expected to seek approval of its vaccine with storage standards similar to Pfizer’s.

But on November 16, the same day it announced promising large-scale trial results, Moderna revealed that its vaccine candidate was effective for up to six months when stored at standard freezer temperatures of -20° C, and for up to 30 days at standard refrigerator temperatures of 2-8° C.

Pfizer declined to comment about the possibility of revising storage requirements for its current vaccine candidate.

Changing storage requirements, according to Dai, would make it far easier to deliver Pfizer's vaccine to populations further from research hospitals. In its current “vaccine playbook”, the CDC advises against local vaccine managers buying specialized freezers.

To help with distributing its vaccine, Pfizer has developed a shipping container that can maintain the required -70° C for up to 10 days unopened. With regular refills of dry ice, it can maintain that temperature for up to 30 days.

But using shipping containers for storage is risky. “Every time you put new dry ice in is an opportunity for mistakes,” says Dai.

Any change to Pfizer’s storage requirements is unlikely to impact the first wave of vaccine distribution, which may start by early 2021. That's only if the federal government approves the vaccine for distribution.

Pfizer did confirm, however, that it's working on a more durable version of the vaccine that is "lyophilized," or freeze-dried. That vaccine, the company said, would be able to be kept at normal refrigerator temperatures and may be ready by 2022. The Food and Drug Administration would have to approve the updated vaccine following additional trials.

Joshua Michaud, associate director for Global Health Policy at the Kaiser Family Foundation, says Pfizer could also reformulate the protective layer of fatty lipids around the core of its vaccine. Moderna says its specific lipid shell technology is key to its vaccine’s greater durability.

The Pfizer vaccine’s storage requirements are slightly less of a problem now considering that easier-to-store candidates, including AstraZeneca’s, are in the approval pipeline. Those more durable vaccines could be distributed in areas that lack the equipment necessary to safely store Pfizer's.

But according to Dai, the unprecedented scale of the challenge – immunizing essentially the entire global population as quickly as possible – means every vaccine will be needed in the short term. The question is whether sturdier vaccines will be available as soon as Pfizer’s, making it easier to protect far-flung patients.

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