小時候,,飛機工程師丹·貝克盼望著有一份工作能夠讓他走遍全球。自從16歲開始在倫敦為英國航空當學徒以來,,他已經(jīng)去過非洲、加勒比海地區(qū)和新西蘭,,還曾經(jīng)在中東為阿聯(lián)酋航空(Emirates)工作,。
現(xiàn)在,他來到了另一片沙漠:澳大利亞廣闊的“紅土中心”,。隨著新冠肺炎疫情席卷全球,,各國航空業(yè)受到重創(chuàng),數(shù)百萬人因此失業(yè),。不過貝克在艾麗斯斯普林斯找到了一份意想不到的工作:存放并維護數(shù)十架停飛的巨型客機,。
談到新的環(huán)境,現(xiàn)年49歲的貝克說:“我事先做了點功課才知道這里的生活是什么樣子,。目前看來一切都很好?!卑愃顾蛊樟炙故且蛔鶕碛?.5萬人口的偏遠小鎮(zhèn),,人們知道它更多地是因為,游客會從這里出發(fā),,前往烏盧魯巨石和卡塔丘塔等著名景點,。
亞太飛機存儲公司(Asia Pacific Aircraft Storage)的場地上空陰沉沉的,沙漠平地中赫然停放著幾架我們熟悉的航空公司的客機,,構(gòu)成一幅奇特而怪異的景象,。共有100多架飛機存放在這片位于機場附近的專用場地里,這樣工作人員就可以對客機進行維護,,并在需要時隨時把它們重新投入使用,。盡管歐洲和美國確診新冠肺炎的人數(shù)不斷飆升,但一部分客機不久就將重返天空,。
66%的降幅
據(jù)航空業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)分析公司Cirium的統(tǒng)計顯示,,亞太地區(qū)每天至少飛行一次的飛機數(shù)量幾乎已經(jīng)回到了疫情之前的水平。這在很大程度上歸功于中國等地國內(nèi)市場的復(fù)蘇,,這些地區(qū)的疫情基本得到了控制,。
不過,,國際航班需求依舊低迷。上個月,,代表了約290家航空公司的國際航空運輸協(xié)會(International Air Transport Association)下調(diào)了2020年客運量預(yù)測,,以反映市場復(fù)蘇比預(yù)期更為緩慢。據(jù)最新的預(yù)測,,2020年全年客運量將比2019年下降66%,,超過此前預(yù)計的63%的降幅。值得注意的是,,新加坡航空(Singapore Airlines Ltd.)和國泰航空(Cathay Pacific Airways Ltd.)旗下的客機在場地上最為常見,,因為這兩家公司都沒有國內(nèi)市場。
Cirium公司的數(shù)據(jù)還顯示,,亞洲大部分地區(qū)的飛機存放量正在減少,。但是停放在艾麗斯斯普林斯的飛機數(shù)量在不斷上升。亞洲許多地區(qū)過于潮濕,,不適合長期存放飛機,,所以原本停放在那里、有望很快重返天空的飛機現(xiàn)在都輾轉(zhuǎn)到了艾麗斯斯普林斯,,因為后者干燥的沙漠氣候和涼爽的夜晚提供了近乎完美的存放條件,。
亞太飛機存儲公司的常務(wù)董事湯姆·文森特指出,很早就有人提出要在澳大利亞中部修建飛機存放場地的想法,。但這位德意志銀行(Deutsche Bank AG)的前債務(wù)分析師是第一個付諸行動的人,,他募集了550萬澳元(約合2611.3萬元),在2013年滿足了一系列修建場地的監(jiān)管要求,,并在2014年接納了第一架飛機,。
42歲的文森特計劃即使在疫情結(jié)束之后,也要將這片場地打造成南半球長期存放飛機的大本營,。他即將提交第四次擴建規(guī)劃申請,,包括新建一座帶圍欄的巨型平臺,它能夠讓場地再容納60架廣體客機,,從而使總?cè)萘窟_到250至300架,。
文森特談到2020年時說:“形勢是很嚴峻?!彼A(yù)計??吭趤喬w機存儲公司的飛機數(shù)量最終將穩(wěn)定在200架左右?!斑@對航空業(yè)來說是非常困難的時期,。確實,有的飛機將會重新投入使用,希望這一天盡早到來,,但是仍然有大量的飛機需要停放和維護,。”
文森特一直在招聘新人,,從本地行政人員到貝克這樣技術(shù)熟練的飛機工程師,,公司員工總數(shù)已經(jīng)達到了80多名。
貝克入職僅僅兩周后,,他每天的工作就是監(jiān)督飛機的入庫過程,。新飛機入庫需要經(jīng)過三個階段,包括排空發(fā)動機中的液體,,以及確保機身上每一個缺口和縫隙都堵得嚴嚴實實,,防止灰塵和昆蟲侵入。
“飛行的基礎(chǔ)”
要長期存放飛機,,面臨風險最大的組件其一是全靜壓系統(tǒng),,即機身前部的一個小開口;其二則是靜壓孔,,即機身側(cè)面稍遠處的一個空腔。這兩處傳感器同時工作,,為飛行員提供空速數(shù)據(jù),。來自新西蘭的貝克站在工人們維護飛機的松土平臺上表示:“這是飛行的基礎(chǔ),我們會很快把它們蓋起來,?!?/p>
一支十幾人的團隊要花5天時間才可以讓一架飛機入庫。其中有兩天完全用來粘貼膠帶,、覆蓋機身,,從而保護發(fā)動機和系統(tǒng)。這個過程可能要消耗40到50卷膠帶,。
身為澳大利亞人的文森特平時在艾麗斯斯普林斯和布里斯班兩地間奔波,。盡管他不愿意透露存放一架飛機通常的成本是多少,但他表示,,亞太飛機存儲公司每兩周就要消耗價值近5萬澳元(約合23.7萬元)的膠帶,。不同的指導(dǎo)手冊對每架飛機的保養(yǎng)要求不同。例如空客公司(Airbus SE)要求所有乘客座位旁的窗戶都被覆蓋并貼上膠帶,,而波音公司(Boeing Co.)則沒有這樣的要求,。
一旦入庫、封存并拖放至停機位后,,每架飛機將接受7天,、30天和90天的滾動檢查。在此期間,工作人員會檢查發(fā)動機艙內(nèi)的干燥劑,、給輪胎換位,,并維護剎車系統(tǒng)。存放飛機顯然不是簡單地把它??吭谝粋€地方就萬事大吉,。
文森特注意到,機組人員最后一次走下飛機時,,有時候會非常戀戀不舍,。他說:“大多數(shù)機組人員從飛機上下來時,我都會和他們照面,。他們不知道什么時候才能夠再見到這架飛機,。人們通常會拍照留念,而我們會說,,希望你們早日回來,,把飛機開走?!?/p>
這一天究竟何時才可以到來,,仍然是個未知數(shù)。現(xiàn)在,,這些飛機宛如見證另一個時代的超現(xiàn)實紀念碑,,正靜靜地停放在澳大利亞的內(nèi)陸地帶。(財富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:智竑
小時候,,飛機工程師丹·貝克盼望著有一份工作能夠讓他走遍全球,。自從16歲開始在倫敦為英國航空當學徒以來,他已經(jīng)去過非洲,、加勒比海地區(qū)和新西蘭,,還曾經(jīng)在中東為阿聯(lián)酋航空(Emirates)工作。
現(xiàn)在,,他來到了另一片沙漠:澳大利亞廣闊的“紅土中心”,。隨著新冠肺炎疫情席卷全球,各國航空業(yè)受到重創(chuàng),,數(shù)百萬人因此失業(yè),。不過貝克在艾麗斯斯普林斯找到了一份意想不到的工作:存放并維護數(shù)十架停飛的巨型客機。
談到新的環(huán)境,,現(xiàn)年49歲的貝克說:“我事先做了點功課才知道這里的生活是什么樣子,。目前看來一切都很好?!卑愃顾蛊樟炙故且蛔鶕碛?.5萬人口的偏遠小鎮(zhèn),,人們知道它更多地是因為,,游客會從這里出發(fā),前往烏盧魯巨石和卡塔丘塔等著名景點,。
亞太飛機存儲公司(Asia Pacific Aircraft Storage)的場地上空陰沉沉的,,沙漠平地中赫然停放著幾架我們熟悉的航空公司的客機,構(gòu)成一幅奇特而怪異的景象,。共有100多架飛機存放在這片位于機場附近的專用場地里,,這樣工作人員就可以對客機進行維護,并在需要時隨時把它們重新投入使用,。盡管歐洲和美國確診新冠肺炎的人數(shù)不斷飆升,,但一部分客機不久就將重返天空。
66%的降幅
據(jù)航空業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)分析公司Cirium的統(tǒng)計顯示,,亞太地區(qū)每天至少飛行一次的飛機數(shù)量幾乎已經(jīng)回到了疫情之前的水平,。這在很大程度上歸功于中國等地國內(nèi)市場的復(fù)蘇,這些地區(qū)的疫情基本得到了控制,。
不過,,國際航班需求依舊低迷。上個月,,代表了約290家航空公司的國際航空運輸協(xié)會(International Air Transport Association)下調(diào)了2020年客運量預(yù)測,,以反映市場復(fù)蘇比預(yù)期更為緩慢。據(jù)最新的預(yù)測,,2020年全年客運量將比2019年下降66%,,超過此前預(yù)計的63%的降幅。值得注意的是,,新加坡航空(Singapore Airlines Ltd.)和國泰航空(Cathay Pacific Airways Ltd.)旗下的客機在場地上最為常見,因為這兩家公司都沒有國內(nèi)市場,。
Cirium公司的數(shù)據(jù)還顯示,,亞洲大部分地區(qū)的飛機存放量正在減少。但是停放在艾麗斯斯普林斯的飛機數(shù)量在不斷上升,。亞洲許多地區(qū)過于潮濕,,不適合長期存放飛機,所以原本停放在那里,、有望很快重返天空的飛機現(xiàn)在都輾轉(zhuǎn)到了艾麗斯斯普林斯,,因為后者干燥的沙漠氣候和涼爽的夜晚提供了近乎完美的存放條件。
亞太飛機存儲公司的常務(wù)董事湯姆·文森特指出,,很早就有人提出要在澳大利亞中部修建飛機存放場地的想法,。但這位德意志銀行(Deutsche Bank AG)的前債務(wù)分析師是第一個付諸行動的人,他募集了550萬澳元(約合2611.3萬元),,在2013年滿足了一系列修建場地的監(jiān)管要求,,并在2014年接納了第一架飛機,。
42歲的文森特計劃即使在疫情結(jié)束之后,也要將這片場地打造成南半球長期存放飛機的大本營,。他即將提交第四次擴建規(guī)劃申請,,包括新建一座帶圍欄的巨型平臺,它能夠讓場地再容納60架廣體客機,,從而使總?cè)萘窟_到250至300架,。
文森特談到2020年時說:“形勢是很嚴峻?!彼A(yù)計??吭趤喬w機存儲公司的飛機數(shù)量最終將穩(wěn)定在200架左右?!斑@對航空業(yè)來說是非常困難的時期,。確實,有的飛機將會重新投入使用,,希望這一天盡早到來,,但是仍然有大量的飛機需要停放和維護?!?/p>
文森特一直在招聘新人,,從本地行政人員到貝克這樣技術(shù)熟練的飛機工程師,公司員工總數(shù)已經(jīng)達到了80多名,。
貝克入職僅僅兩周后,,他每天的工作就是監(jiān)督飛機的入庫過程。新飛機入庫需要經(jīng)過三個階段,,包括排空發(fā)動機中的液體,,以及確保機身上每一個缺口和縫隙都堵得嚴嚴實實,防止灰塵和昆蟲侵入,。
“飛行的基礎(chǔ)”
要長期存放飛機,,面臨風險最大的組件其一是全靜壓系統(tǒng),即機身前部的一個小開口,;其二則是靜壓孔,,即機身側(cè)面稍遠處的一個空腔。這兩處傳感器同時工作,,為飛行員提供空速數(shù)據(jù),。來自新西蘭的貝克站在工人們維護飛機的松土平臺上表示:“這是飛行的基礎(chǔ),我們會很快把它們蓋起來,?!?/p>
一支十幾人的團隊要花5天時間才可以讓一架飛機入庫。其中有兩天完全用來粘貼膠帶,、覆蓋機身,,從而保護發(fā)動機和系統(tǒng),。這個過程可能要消耗40到50卷膠帶。
身為澳大利亞人的文森特平時在艾麗斯斯普林斯和布里斯班兩地間奔波,。盡管他不愿意透露存放一架飛機通常的成本是多少,,但他表示,亞太飛機存儲公司每兩周就要消耗價值近5萬澳元(約合23.7萬元)的膠帶,。不同的指導(dǎo)手冊對每架飛機的保養(yǎng)要求不同,。例如空客公司(Airbus SE)要求所有乘客座位旁的窗戶都被覆蓋并貼上膠帶,而波音公司(Boeing Co.)則沒有這樣的要求,。
一旦入庫,、封存并拖放至停機位后,每架飛機將接受7天,、30天和90天的滾動檢查,。在此期間,工作人員會檢查發(fā)動機艙內(nèi)的干燥劑,、給輪胎換位,,并維護剎車系統(tǒng)。存放飛機顯然不是簡單地把它??吭谝粋€地方就萬事大吉,。
文森特注意到,機組人員最后一次走下飛機時,,有時候會非常戀戀不舍,。他說:“大多數(shù)機組人員從飛機上下來時,我都會和他們照面,。他們不知道什么時候才能夠再見到這架飛機,。人們通常會拍照留念,而我們會說,,希望你們早日回來,,把飛機開走?!?/p>
這一天究竟何時才可以到來,仍然是個未知數(shù)?,F(xiàn)在,,這些飛機宛如見證另一個時代的超現(xiàn)實紀念碑,正靜靜地停放在澳大利亞的內(nèi)陸地帶,。(財富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:智竑
Aircraft engineer Dan Baker expected his career would let him see the world. And since starting as an apprentice aged 16 with British Airways in London, it’s taken him to Africa, the Caribbean, New Zealand and the Middle East, where he worked for Emirates.
Now he’s in a desert of a different sort—Australia’s vast red center. With the coronavirus pandemic upending global aviation and putting millions out of work, Baker has found an unlikely job in Alice Springs, storing and maintaining scores of grounded jumbo jets.
“I had to do a bit of looking up to see what life would be like,” Baker, 49, says of his new surrounds, a remote town of 25,000 better known as a jumping off point for famous sights like Uluru and the Olgas. “So far, it’s been great.”
The Asia Pacific Aircraft Storage facility (APAS) makes a strange and eerie sight, with the flat landscape punctuated by familiar tall tail fins against a brooding desert sky. More than 100 planes are stored at the purpose-built facility adjacent to the airport, which can keep jets maintained and ready to be brought back into service when needed. Despite spiraling Covid-19 case numbers in Europe and the U.S., some are returning to the skies.
A 66% drop
Data from aviation analytics company Cirium show the number of aircraft making at least one flight per day in the Asia-Pacific region is almost back to pre-Covid levels. That’s largely thanks to recovering domestic markets in places like China, where the outbreak is more or less under control.
International routes, however, remain weak. The International Air Transport Association last month downgraded its traffic forecast for 2020 to reflect a weaker-than-expected recovery. The group, which represents some 290 airlines, now expects full-year traffic to be down 66% versus 2019, more than a previous estimate of a 63% decline. Tellingly, tail fins from Singapore Airlines Ltd. and Cathay Pacific Airways Ltd. -- both carriers without a domestic market -- are most commonly seen at the facility.
Cirium data also show the number of planes in storage around much of Asia declining. At Alice Springs, though, the numbers keep rising. Many Asian locations are too humid for long-term storage of aircraft, so planes that were parked there on the expectation of a quick return to the skies are now heading to Alice Springs, whose dry, desert air and cool nights make for near-perfect storage conditions.
APAS Managing Director Tom Vincent says the idea of a storage facility in Australia’s center had been around for a long time. But the former Deutsche Bank AG debt analyst was the first to act on it, raising A$5.5 million ($4 million) and clearing a slew of regulatory requirements to build it in 2013 before accepting his first plane a year later.
Vincent, 42, is planning for his facility to become the main southern hemisphere hub for long-term aircraft storage, even after the pandemic is over. He’s about to submit planning applications for a fourth expansion, including another huge fenced platform that will accommodate a further 60 wide-body jets, taking capacity to between 250 and 300 aircraft.
“It’s been intense,” Vincent says of 2020. He expects the number of planes parked at APAS to eventually settle at around 200. “It’s been an incredibly difficult time for the industry. Yes, there will be certain aircraft that go back into operation, hopefully sooner rather than later, but there’s still a huge pipeline of aircraft that are going to require parking and maintenance.”
Vincent has been on a necessary hiring spree, expanding to more than 80 employees, from locally hired administrative staff to highly skilled aircraft engineers like Baker.
Just two weeks into his new job, Baker’s days are spent supervising a three-stage induction process for each new plane, ranging from draining the engines of fluids to ensuring every last gap and crevice in the jet’s body is sealed from dust and insects.
"Fundamental to flight"
One of the areas most at risk during long-term storage is the pitot-static system, a tiny opening at the front of every jet, and the static port, another cavity a little further along the side of the aircraft. Together, these two sensors provide airspeed data. “It’s fundamental to flight,” the New Zealand native explains from the packed dirt platform where the jets are prepared. “We get that covered up pretty quickly.”
It takes a team of a dozen people up to five days to induct a plane for storage. Two of those are spent entirely on taping and covering everything to protect the engines and systems, a process that can take between 40 and 50 rolls of tape.
While Vincent, an Australian who splits his time between Alice Springs and Brisbane, is reluctant to share the typical cost of storing a plane, he says every two weeks, APAS gets through a pallet of tape that costs almost A$50,000. Every plane has different requirements, depending on the manual. Airbus SE, for example, requires all passenger windows be covered and taped as well, while Boeing Co. does not.
Once inducted, sealed and towed to a parking bay, each plane is on a rolling system of seven, 30 and 90-day checks. During this time, bags of desiccant in the engine bays are examined, tires are rotated and brake systems are maintained. Storing a plane is certainly not simply a matter of parking it and walking away.
Vincent says aircrews can become quite nostalgic when they step off the plane for the last time.
“I meet most crews as they come off the aircraft,” he says. “They’re not sure when they’re going to see the aircraft again. Usually there’s photos. We like to say we’re going to look forward to when they come back to pick them up.”
Exactly when that might be remains an open question. For now, these planes sit silently in the Australian outback, a surreal monument to a different time.