小微企業(yè),、自由職業(yè)者、個(gè)體戶和個(gè)體承包商對(duì)推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中的作用舉足輕重,,在美國(guó),,自由職業(yè)者和個(gè)體戶就多達(dá)5700萬(wàn)人,在我國(guó),,中小微企業(yè)貢獻(xiàn)了80%以上的城鎮(zhèn)勞動(dòng)就業(yè),,個(gè)體工商戶數(shù)量也至少有七千多萬(wàn)戶。但在全球新冠疫情期間,,這些小企業(yè)和自雇人員的業(yè)務(wù)開(kāi)始萎縮,,這讓他們成為最脆弱的群體之一。
以自由職業(yè)攝影師為例,,他們靠為企業(yè)活動(dòng),、職場(chǎng)檔案或營(yíng)銷材料拍照謀生,但隨著各地紛紛推行社交隔離和封城措施,,人群不得再聚集,,多數(shù)公司也推遲了拍職業(yè)照這樣的事項(xiàng)?;蛟S大公司可以動(dòng)用儲(chǔ)備資金減輕勞動(dòng)力閑置造成的財(cái)務(wù)負(fù)擔(dān),,但自由職業(yè)者卻往往難以承受這樣的代價(jià)。
對(duì)于自由職業(yè)者或個(gè)體戶,,如果你的生意已經(jīng)受到了沖擊,,你最好知道自己有哪些選擇,包括了解政府刺激計(jì)劃或優(yōu)惠措施中的具體內(nèi)容,,也要知道在危機(jī)期間,,該如何保護(hù)自己的資產(chǎn),維持生計(jì),。
如何領(lǐng)取失業(yè)救濟(jì)
在美國(guó),,除了單人小公司等幾種情況外,自由職業(yè)者,、個(gè)體戶或獨(dú)立承包商通常不享受失業(yè)救濟(jì),,但這點(diǎn)現(xiàn)在有所改變。最近,,美國(guó)歷史上最大的經(jīng)濟(jì)刺激方案生效,,這2萬(wàn)億美元刺激法案將這些人也納入了失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)的范圍。該法案將失業(yè)救濟(jì)時(shí)間在原先基礎(chǔ)上又延長(zhǎng)了13周,,此外,,在各州的失業(yè)救濟(jì)以外,,每周還額外發(fā)放600美元,為期四個(gè)月,。對(duì)于很多低收入的美國(guó)人而言,,這些失業(yè)救濟(jì)的錢(qián),甚至比他們平時(shí)的工資還高,,當(dāng)然,,失業(yè)對(duì)人產(chǎn)生的影響,很可能會(huì)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)四個(gè)月的時(shí)間,。
并非所有自由職業(yè)者都符合領(lǐng)取失業(yè)救濟(jì)的條件,,但這為更多人提供了一種選擇,此外,,因新冠疫情而被迫自我隔離的人員也可以領(lǐng)取失業(yè)救濟(jì),。
中國(guó)應(yīng)對(duì):
國(guó)內(nèi)1月到3月兩個(gè)月間的抗疫“上半場(chǎng)”,也同樣導(dǎo)致了大量工廠工人,,或第三產(chǎn)業(yè)中的餐飲從業(yè)人員、銷售員等失去工作,,而現(xiàn)如今全球疫情的爆發(fā),,外貿(mào)訂單紛紛取消,又使得很多制造業(yè)工人和外貿(mào)人員面臨失業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),。
我國(guó)尚未像疫情嚴(yán)重的西方國(guó)家那樣推出大規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)刺激方案,,但也已經(jīng)有一系列經(jīng)濟(jì)措施應(yīng)對(duì)就業(yè)問(wèn)題,如對(duì)困難群眾增發(fā)生活補(bǔ)助,,對(duì)小微企業(yè)和個(gè)體工商戶等支持減免物業(yè)租金,、減免增值稅,階段性減免企業(yè)養(yǎng)老,、失業(yè),、工傷保險(xiǎn)單位繳費(fèi)等多項(xiàng)減稅降費(fèi)政策,今年預(yù)計(jì)2-6月,,為企業(yè)減免這三項(xiàng)社保單位繳費(fèi)額度將超過(guò)5000億元以上,。
對(duì)于失業(yè)人員而言,如果領(lǐng)取失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)金期滿仍未就業(yè),,或者按現(xiàn)行領(lǐng)金條件不符合的參保失業(yè)人員,,可以再領(lǐng)取6個(gè)月失業(yè)補(bǔ)助金。
此外,,對(duì)于不裁員或少裁員的中小微企業(yè),,中國(guó)政府將其原年度繳納失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)返還標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的50%,最高提高到100%,,目前全國(guó)已有146萬(wàn)戶企業(yè)享受失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)穩(wěn)崗返還222億元,。
如何獲得政府的小企業(yè)貸款
理財(cái)顧問(wèn)邁克爾·摩爾頓說(shuō),,有的小企業(yè)通過(guò)更多的舉債獲取過(guò)橋貸款,與長(zhǎng)期資金對(duì)接,,等待未來(lái)財(cái)務(wù)狀況好轉(zhuǎn),,這么做可以理解,但操作時(shí)一定要謹(jǐn)慎,?!叭绻憬桢X(qián)準(zhǔn)備再支撐一個(gè)月,但一個(gè)月后狀況并沒(méi)有改善,,你需要更多資金,,在這種情況下你該怎么辦?最不可取的做法是為了短期狀況把未來(lái)賭上,?!彼f(shuō),舉債前,,問(wèn)自己幾個(gè)尖銳的問(wèn)題,,比如,怎么償還貸款,,業(yè)務(wù)是否會(huì)有起色等等,,然后再做決定。
盡管如此,,在目前疫情期間,,出現(xiàn)了許多低息和無(wú)息貸款??梢匀プ稍冦y行和信用合作社,,了解他們提供哪些貸款。
即使你現(xiàn)在不需要現(xiàn)金,,獲得信貸額度也是明智的做法,。而且與定期貸款不同,你只需要在信貸額度中,,借多少還多少就行,。認(rèn)證理財(cái)規(guī)劃師塔拉·尤恩沃扎格特表示:“借款是迫不得已時(shí)才用的,也不要用它購(gòu)買(mǎi)消費(fèi)品,,但如果你需要用貸款來(lái)保持業(yè)務(wù)的正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn),,你就能充分理解‘銀行里有錢(qián)’的好處了?!?/p>
在美國(guó),,多個(gè)縣、市和州也推出了財(cái)務(wù)扶持計(jì)劃,,比如全國(guó)州長(zhǎng)協(xié)會(huì)有提供各州資源,,各地的“小企業(yè)發(fā)展中心”也有很多有用的信息,。
另外,美國(guó)這次的經(jīng)濟(jì)刺激法案也包括向美國(guó)小企業(yè)管理局撥款3.49億美元提供貸款擔(dān)保,。小企業(yè)管理局還為符合條件的小企業(yè)提供“經(jīng)濟(jì)傷害災(zāi)難貸款”,,這類貸款屬于低息貸款,面向小企業(yè)和非營(yíng)利機(jī)構(gòu)提供,,期限最長(zhǎng)可達(dá)30年,。
中國(guó)應(yīng)對(duì):
中國(guó)政府也在努力推動(dòng)更低的企業(yè)融資成本。目前,,政府?dāng)U大了創(chuàng)業(yè)擔(dān)保貸款政策的覆蓋范圍,,對(duì)優(yōu)質(zhì)的創(chuàng)業(yè)項(xiàng)目,免除反擔(dān)保要求,。對(duì)于依托平臺(tái)的就業(yè)人員,,要求對(duì)其購(gòu)置生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)必需工具給予創(chuàng)業(yè)擔(dān)保貸款和貼息支持。
如何讓生意多起來(lái)
你或許會(huì)對(duì)未來(lái)感到沮喪甚至恐慌,,出現(xiàn)這種情緒是可以理解的,,但你可以采取措施盡可能增加業(yè)務(wù),保障自己的財(cái)務(wù)收入,。
? 人脈最重要:認(rèn)證理財(cái)規(guī)劃師克里斯·拉塞爾說(shuō):“現(xiàn)在最糟糕的做法是停止與外界的交流,。你要繼續(xù)與客戶溝通,與觀眾交流,,你要在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上告訴大家,你仍在營(yíng)業(yè),?!痹诰W(wǎng)站上添加一個(gè)橫幅廣告,告訴人們你還在正常營(yíng)業(yè),,并告知大家,,你因?yàn)橐咔樽隽四男┱{(diào)整。聯(lián)絡(luò)業(yè)內(nèi)同行,,許多行業(yè)內(nèi)的人會(huì)收集資源和機(jī)會(huì),,互相幫助。
? 提供免費(fèi)建議:你當(dāng)然希望所有工作都能得到報(bào)酬,,這是理想狀態(tài),,但在做不到的情況下,為有需求的人們免費(fèi)提供建議或服務(wù),,能讓自己忙起來(lái),,提高知名度,吸引更多客戶,,或許未來(lái)生意好轉(zhuǎn)的時(shí)候,,你能獲得好的機(jī)會(huì),。
? 完善業(yè)務(wù):作為自由職業(yè)者和個(gè)體戶,你通常沒(méi)有很多時(shí)間來(lái)細(xì)細(xì)打磨自己的業(yè)務(wù),,現(xiàn)在正是做出改變的好時(shí)機(jī),。你可以好好想想,如何提高運(yùn)營(yíng)效率,。你可以評(píng)估營(yíng)銷材料,,看看哪些內(nèi)容需要更新。你也可以評(píng)估一下所用的技術(shù)和社交媒體賬戶,。摩爾頓表示,,也可以想想未來(lái),看自己的業(yè)務(wù)如何在疫情過(guò)后,,去適應(yīng)新的生活方式,。尤恩沃扎格特則警告說(shuō),雖然減少開(kāi)支很重要,,但有些支出能帶來(lái)收入,,比如營(yíng)銷工具和關(guān)鍵的員工等,所以不要減少這些項(xiàng)目的支出,。
? 找一份副業(yè):考慮找一份副業(yè),,比如在線輔導(dǎo)或送快遞等,或者把你生意中的某一項(xiàng)業(yè)務(wù)改成人們眼下需要的服務(wù),。摩爾頓表示,,在到處是隔離和關(guān)門(mén)的今天,可以打本地廣告,,提供人們急需的服務(wù)來(lái)賺點(diǎn)錢(qián),。
中國(guó)應(yīng)對(duì):
中國(guó)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)商業(yè)發(fā)展繁榮,自由職業(yè)者或個(gè)體戶等早已習(xí)慣了線上線下結(jié)合的商業(yè)模式,,在疫情沖擊下,,更多的業(yè)務(wù)空間在線上涌現(xiàn),比如遠(yuǎn)程診療,、直播帶貨,、在線課程等。
如何處理助學(xué)貸款
美國(guó)的助學(xué)貸款負(fù)擔(dān)極重,,很多人多年后還在償還上私立大學(xué)的費(fèi)用,。在疫情當(dāng)下,美國(guó)教育部允許背負(fù)國(guó)家助學(xué)貸款的年輕人可以暫停還款60天,,不計(jì)利息,。無(wú)論你是否暫停還款,所有助學(xué)貸款都可以享受至少60天零利息,。
更好的選擇是轉(zhuǎn)為收入為基準(zhǔn)的還款計(jì)劃,,它以可支配收入的百分比為基礎(chǔ)來(lái)還款,,采用這種還款方式,雖然在貸款期限內(nèi)需要支付更多利息,,但當(dāng)你收入大幅減少時(shí),,還款就變得容易許多。
如果是私人助學(xué)貸款,,也不一定就得自認(rèn)倒霉,,很多私人助學(xué)貸款方也都在借鑒聯(lián)邦助學(xué)貸款的做法,幫助學(xué)生和畢業(yè)生減負(fù),。
中國(guó)應(yīng)對(duì):
中國(guó)并沒(méi)有嚴(yán)重的助學(xué)貸款問(wèn)題,,但存在高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)難的問(wèn)題。今年疫情之下,,中國(guó)政府鼓勵(lì)擴(kuò)大企業(yè)吸納高校畢業(yè)生,,對(duì)中小微企業(yè)招用畢業(yè)年度高校畢業(yè)生的,給予一次性吸納就業(yè)補(bǔ)貼,,國(guó)有企業(yè)則要連續(xù)兩年擴(kuò)大招聘高校畢業(yè)生的規(guī)模,,并且不得隨意毀約。
如何處理應(yīng)急資金和退休賬戶
應(yīng)急資金是緊急狀態(tài)時(shí)用的,,現(xiàn)在就是緊急時(shí)刻,,所以可以去打破儲(chǔ)蓄罐了。摩爾頓說(shuō),,這并不意味著你現(xiàn)在就要用掉應(yīng)急資金,,而是當(dāng)你已經(jīng)大幅縮減支出后,還是入不敷出,,就可以動(dòng)用這筆錢(qián),。至于養(yǎng)老金賬戶,拉塞爾說(shuō),,如果現(xiàn)金流和流動(dòng)資金足以滿足需求,,就絕對(duì)不要去碰養(yǎng)老金賬戶,。
美國(guó)的養(yǎng)老金大部分為納稅前繳納,,一般在退休后取出,如果沒(méi)有特殊情況,,要提前取出的話,,就不光要繳納分紅所得稅,還要支付10%的預(yù)先提款罰金,,但發(fā)生特殊情況,,如包括大病重病、天災(zāi)等不可抗力等事故時(shí),,可以免罰金,。
在當(dāng)前的美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)刺激法案中,,新冠疫情也納入了此類特殊情況,如遭遇困難的人員提取不超過(guò)10萬(wàn)美元退休金,,則可免除罰金,。
中國(guó)應(yīng)對(duì):
中國(guó)的養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn),只有參保人死亡,、退休或移民三種情況下才能提取,,且只能提取本人而非單位部分。但是,,中國(guó)居民儲(chǔ)蓄率比熱衷提前消費(fèi)的歐美國(guó)家高,,雖然近些年,購(gòu)房開(kāi)銷加大,,杠桿率和家庭負(fù)債率也不斷提高,,但中國(guó)人固有的儲(chǔ)蓄習(xí)慣依然根深蒂固,儲(chǔ)蓄率依然在全球位居前列,,因此,,中國(guó)家庭在應(yīng)急資金準(zhǔn)備方面要比美國(guó)人好很多。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:Biz
編輯:雨晨
小微企業(yè),、自由職業(yè)者,、個(gè)體戶和個(gè)體承包商對(duì)推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中的作用舉足輕重,在美國(guó),,自由職業(yè)者和個(gè)體戶就多達(dá)5700萬(wàn)人,,在我國(guó),中小微企業(yè)貢獻(xiàn)了80%以上的城鎮(zhèn)勞動(dòng)就業(yè),,個(gè)體工商戶數(shù)量也至少有七千多萬(wàn)戶,。但在全球新冠疫情期間,這些小企業(yè)和自雇人員的業(yè)務(wù)開(kāi)始萎縮,,這讓他們成為最脆弱的群體之一,。
以自由職業(yè)攝影師為例,他們靠為企業(yè)活動(dòng),、職場(chǎng)檔案或營(yíng)銷材料拍照謀生,,但隨著各地紛紛推行社交隔離和封城措施,人群不得再聚集,,多數(shù)公司也推遲了拍職業(yè)照這樣的事項(xiàng),。或許大公司可以動(dòng)用儲(chǔ)備資金減輕勞動(dòng)力閑置造成的財(cái)務(wù)負(fù)擔(dān),,但自由職業(yè)者卻往往難以承受這樣的代價(jià),。
對(duì)于自由職業(yè)者或個(gè)體戶,如果你的生意已經(jīng)受到了沖擊,你最好知道自己有哪些選擇,,包括了解政府刺激計(jì)劃或優(yōu)惠措施中的具體內(nèi)容,,也要知道在危機(jī)期間,該如何保護(hù)自己的資產(chǎn),,維持生計(jì),。
如何領(lǐng)取失業(yè)救濟(jì)
在美國(guó),除了單人小公司等幾種情況外,,自由職業(yè)者,、個(gè)體戶或獨(dú)立承包商通常不享受失業(yè)救濟(jì),但這點(diǎn)現(xiàn)在有所改變,。最近,,美國(guó)歷史上最大的經(jīng)濟(jì)刺激方案生效,這2萬(wàn)億美元刺激法案將這些人也納入了失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)的范圍,。該法案將失業(yè)救濟(jì)時(shí)間在原先基礎(chǔ)上又延長(zhǎng)了13周,,此外,在各州的失業(yè)救濟(jì)以外,,每周還額外發(fā)放600美元,,為期四個(gè)月。對(duì)于很多低收入的美國(guó)人而言,,這些失業(yè)救濟(jì)的錢(qián),,甚至比他們平時(shí)的工資還高,當(dāng)然,,失業(yè)對(duì)人產(chǎn)生的影響,,很可能會(huì)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)四個(gè)月的時(shí)間。
并非所有自由職業(yè)者都符合領(lǐng)取失業(yè)救濟(jì)的條件,,但這為更多人提供了一種選擇,,此外,因新冠疫情而被迫自我隔離的人員也可以領(lǐng)取失業(yè)救濟(jì),。
中國(guó)應(yīng)對(duì):
國(guó)內(nèi)1月到3月兩個(gè)月間的抗疫“上半場(chǎng)”,,也同樣導(dǎo)致了大量工廠工人,或第三產(chǎn)業(yè)中的餐飲從業(yè)人員,、銷售員等失去工作,,而現(xiàn)如今全球疫情的爆發(fā),外貿(mào)訂單紛紛取消,,又使得很多制造業(yè)工人和外貿(mào)人員面臨失業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),。
我國(guó)尚未像疫情嚴(yán)重的西方國(guó)家那樣推出大規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)刺激方案,,但也已經(jīng)有一系列經(jīng)濟(jì)措施應(yīng)對(duì)就業(yè)問(wèn)題,,如對(duì)困難群眾增發(fā)生活補(bǔ)助,對(duì)小微企業(yè)和個(gè)體工商戶等支持減免物業(yè)租金、減免增值稅,,階段性減免企業(yè)養(yǎng)老,、失業(yè)、工傷保險(xiǎn)單位繳費(fèi)等多項(xiàng)減稅降費(fèi)政策,,今年預(yù)計(jì)2-6月,,為企業(yè)減免這三項(xiàng)社保單位繳費(fèi)額度將超過(guò)5000億元以上。
對(duì)于失業(yè)人員而言,,如果領(lǐng)取失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)金期滿仍未就業(yè),,或者按現(xiàn)行領(lǐng)金條件不符合的參保失業(yè)人員,可以再領(lǐng)取6個(gè)月失業(yè)補(bǔ)助金,。
此外,,對(duì)于不裁員或少裁員的中小微企業(yè),中國(guó)政府將其原年度繳納失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)返還標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的50%,,最高提高到100%,,目前全國(guó)已有146萬(wàn)戶企業(yè)享受失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)穩(wěn)崗返還222億元。
如何獲得政府的小企業(yè)貸款
理財(cái)顧問(wèn)邁克爾·摩爾頓說(shuō),,有的小企業(yè)通過(guò)更多的舉債獲取過(guò)橋貸款,,與長(zhǎng)期資金對(duì)接,等待未來(lái)財(cái)務(wù)狀況好轉(zhuǎn),,這么做可以理解,,但操作時(shí)一定要謹(jǐn)慎?!叭绻憬桢X(qián)準(zhǔn)備再支撐一個(gè)月,,但一個(gè)月后狀況并沒(méi)有改善,你需要更多資金,,在這種情況下你該怎么辦,?最不可取的做法是為了短期狀況把未來(lái)賭上?!彼f(shuō),,舉債前,問(wèn)自己幾個(gè)尖銳的問(wèn)題,,比如,,怎么償還貸款,業(yè)務(wù)是否會(huì)有起色等等,,然后再做決定,。
盡管如此,在目前疫情期間,,出現(xiàn)了許多低息和無(wú)息貸款,。可以去咨詢銀行和信用合作社,了解他們提供哪些貸款,。
即使你現(xiàn)在不需要現(xiàn)金,,獲得信貸額度也是明智的做法。而且與定期貸款不同,,你只需要在信貸額度中,,借多少還多少就行。認(rèn)證理財(cái)規(guī)劃師塔拉·尤恩沃扎格特表示:“借款是迫不得已時(shí)才用的,,也不要用它購(gòu)買(mǎi)消費(fèi)品,,但如果你需要用貸款來(lái)保持業(yè)務(wù)的正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn),你就能充分理解‘銀行里有錢(qián)’的好處了,?!?/p>
在美國(guó),多個(gè)縣,、市和州也推出了財(cái)務(wù)扶持計(jì)劃,,比如全國(guó)州長(zhǎng)協(xié)會(huì)有提供各州資源,各地的“小企業(yè)發(fā)展中心”也有很多有用的信息,。
另外,,美國(guó)這次的經(jīng)濟(jì)刺激法案也包括向美國(guó)小企業(yè)管理局撥款3.49億美元提供貸款擔(dān)保。小企業(yè)管理局還為符合條件的小企業(yè)提供“經(jīng)濟(jì)傷害災(zāi)難貸款”,,這類貸款屬于低息貸款,,面向小企業(yè)和非營(yíng)利機(jī)構(gòu)提供,期限最長(zhǎng)可達(dá)30年,。
中國(guó)應(yīng)對(duì):
中國(guó)政府也在努力推動(dòng)更低的企業(yè)融資成本,。目前,政府?dāng)U大了創(chuàng)業(yè)擔(dān)保貸款政策的覆蓋范圍,,對(duì)優(yōu)質(zhì)的創(chuàng)業(yè)項(xiàng)目,,免除反擔(dān)保要求。對(duì)于依托平臺(tái)的就業(yè)人員,,要求對(duì)其購(gòu)置生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)必需工具給予創(chuàng)業(yè)擔(dān)保貸款和貼息支持,。
如何讓生意多起來(lái)
你或許會(huì)對(duì)未來(lái)感到沮喪甚至恐慌,出現(xiàn)這種情緒是可以理解的,,但你可以采取措施盡可能增加業(yè)務(wù),,保障自己的財(cái)務(wù)收入。
? 人脈最重要:認(rèn)證理財(cái)規(guī)劃師克里斯·拉塞爾說(shuō):“現(xiàn)在最糟糕的做法是停止與外界的交流,。你要繼續(xù)與客戶溝通,,與觀眾交流,你要在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上告訴大家,,你仍在營(yíng)業(yè),?!痹诰W(wǎng)站上添加一個(gè)橫幅廣告,告訴人們你還在正常營(yíng)業(yè),,并告知大家,你因?yàn)橐咔樽隽四男┱{(diào)整,。聯(lián)絡(luò)業(yè)內(nèi)同行,,許多行業(yè)內(nèi)的人會(huì)收集資源和機(jī)會(huì),互相幫助,。
? 提供免費(fèi)建議:你當(dāng)然希望所有工作都能得到報(bào)酬,,這是理想狀態(tài),但在做不到的情況下,,為有需求的人們免費(fèi)提供建議或服務(wù),,能讓自己忙起來(lái),提高知名度,,吸引更多客戶,,或許未來(lái)生意好轉(zhuǎn)的時(shí)候,你能獲得好的機(jī)會(huì),。
? 完善業(yè)務(wù):作為自由職業(yè)者和個(gè)體戶,,你通常沒(méi)有很多時(shí)間來(lái)細(xì)細(xì)打磨自己的業(yè)務(wù),現(xiàn)在正是做出改變的好時(shí)機(jī),。你可以好好想想,,如何提高運(yùn)營(yíng)效率。你可以評(píng)估營(yíng)銷材料,,看看哪些內(nèi)容需要更新,。你也可以評(píng)估一下所用的技術(shù)和社交媒體賬戶。摩爾頓表示,,也可以想想未來(lái),,看自己的業(yè)務(wù)如何在疫情過(guò)后,去適應(yīng)新的生活方式,。尤恩沃扎格特則警告說(shuō),,雖然減少開(kāi)支很重要,但有些支出能帶來(lái)收入,,比如營(yíng)銷工具和關(guān)鍵的員工等,,所以不要減少這些項(xiàng)目的支出。
? 找一份副業(yè):考慮找一份副業(yè),,比如在線輔導(dǎo)或送快遞等,,或者把你生意中的某一項(xiàng)業(yè)務(wù)改成人們眼下需要的服務(wù)。摩爾頓表示,,在到處是隔離和關(guān)門(mén)的今天,,可以打本地廣告,,提供人們急需的服務(wù)來(lái)賺點(diǎn)錢(qián)。
中國(guó)應(yīng)對(duì):
中國(guó)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)商業(yè)發(fā)展繁榮,,自由職業(yè)者或個(gè)體戶等早已習(xí)慣了線上線下結(jié)合的商業(yè)模式,,在疫情沖擊下,更多的業(yè)務(wù)空間在線上涌現(xiàn),,比如遠(yuǎn)程診療,、直播帶貨、在線課程等,。
如何處理助學(xué)貸款
美國(guó)的助學(xué)貸款負(fù)擔(dān)極重,,很多人多年后還在償還上私立大學(xué)的費(fèi)用。在疫情當(dāng)下,,美國(guó)教育部允許背負(fù)國(guó)家助學(xué)貸款的年輕人可以暫停還款60天,,不計(jì)利息。無(wú)論你是否暫停還款,,所有助學(xué)貸款都可以享受至少60天零利息,。
更好的選擇是轉(zhuǎn)為收入為基準(zhǔn)的還款計(jì)劃,它以可支配收入的百分比為基礎(chǔ)來(lái)還款,,采用這種還款方式,,雖然在貸款期限內(nèi)需要支付更多利息,但當(dāng)你收入大幅減少時(shí),,還款就變得容易許多,。
如果是私人助學(xué)貸款,也不一定就得自認(rèn)倒霉,,很多私人助學(xué)貸款方也都在借鑒聯(lián)邦助學(xué)貸款的做法,,幫助學(xué)生和畢業(yè)生減負(fù)。
中國(guó)應(yīng)對(duì):
中國(guó)并沒(méi)有嚴(yán)重的助學(xué)貸款問(wèn)題,,但存在高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)難的問(wèn)題,。今年疫情之下,中國(guó)政府鼓勵(lì)擴(kuò)大企業(yè)吸納高校畢業(yè)生,,對(duì)中小微企業(yè)招用畢業(yè)年度高校畢業(yè)生的,,給予一次性吸納就業(yè)補(bǔ)貼,國(guó)有企業(yè)則要連續(xù)兩年擴(kuò)大招聘高校畢業(yè)生的規(guī)模,,并且不得隨意毀約,。
如何處理應(yīng)急資金和退休賬戶
應(yīng)急資金是緊急狀態(tài)時(shí)用的,現(xiàn)在就是緊急時(shí)刻,,所以可以去打破儲(chǔ)蓄罐了,。摩爾頓說(shuō),這并不意味著你現(xiàn)在就要用掉應(yīng)急資金,,而是當(dāng)你已經(jīng)大幅縮減支出后,,還是入不敷出,,就可以動(dòng)用這筆錢(qián)。至于養(yǎng)老金賬戶,,拉塞爾說(shuō),,如果現(xiàn)金流和流動(dòng)資金足以滿足需求,就絕對(duì)不要去碰養(yǎng)老金賬戶,。
美國(guó)的養(yǎng)老金大部分為納稅前繳納,,一般在退休后取出,如果沒(méi)有特殊情況,,要提前取出的話,,就不光要繳納分紅所得稅,,還要支付10%的預(yù)先提款罰金,,但發(fā)生特殊情況,如包括大病重病,、天災(zāi)等不可抗力等事故時(shí),,可以免罰金。
在當(dāng)前的美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)刺激法案中,,新冠疫情也納入了此類特殊情況,,如遭遇困難的人員提取不超過(guò)10萬(wàn)美元退休金,則可免除罰金,。
中國(guó)應(yīng)對(duì):
中國(guó)的養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn),,只有參保人死亡、退休或移民三種情況下才能提取,,且只能提取本人而非單位部分,。但是,中國(guó)居民儲(chǔ)蓄率比熱衷提前消費(fèi)的歐美國(guó)家高,,雖然近些年,,購(gòu)房開(kāi)銷加大,杠桿率和家庭負(fù)債率也不斷提高,,但中國(guó)人固有的儲(chǔ)蓄習(xí)慣依然根深蒂固,,儲(chǔ)蓄率依然在全球位居前列,因此,,中國(guó)家庭在應(yīng)急資金準(zhǔn)備方面要比美國(guó)人好很多,。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:Biz
編輯:雨晨
At a whopping 57 million, self-employed people make up a huge piece of the country’s economic puzzle. But during a global pandemic, when business starts drying up, those who work for themselves are among the most vulnerable.
Take the example of a freelance photographer who makes a living taking photos for corporate events, professional portfolios, or marketing materials. With social distancing and entire states on lockdown, group gatherings are a thing of the past, and headshots are not likely to be topping most companies’ to-do lists. While a larger company may be able to shoulder the financial burden of an idle workforce by dipping into reserves, that’s not often true when you work for yourself.
If your business is already taking a hit, it’s good to know your options—including what’s in the stimulus package and how to protect your assets and livelihood during this crisis.
How to collect unemployment benefits
Usually most self-employed people or independent contractors aren’t eligible for unemployment except in some cases in which someone has set up business as an S-corp. But things have changed. Congress recently passed a $2 trillion stimulus package, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Securities Act (CARES), that includes expanding unemployment insurance to self-employed workers and independent contractors. The bill extends unemployment benefits for 13 more weeks and also includes an additional $600 a week on top of state unemployment benefits for up to four months. The rate of state pay may be less for self-employed, independent contractors, and freelance workers.
Not everyone who is self-employed will qualify for unemployment, but it does make it an option for many more people. Also eligible for unemployment: anyone who becomes sick and is ordered to be quarantined.
To apply for unemployment benefits, visit your state’s unemployment website. The information you will need includes your Social Security number, your driver’s license or state ID, and Social Security numbers of any dependents you are claiming.
How to get a small-business loan from the government
Taking on more debt as a bridge to a better financial future might make sense, but it pays to be cautious, says Michael Morton, a financial adviser with Morton Financial in Harvard, Mass. “What will you do if you borrow some money to make it through a month, but your situation doesn’t change in a month and you need more? The worst thing you can do is risk your future for a short-term situation,” he says. Ask yourself tough questions about how you would pay back a loan and whether your business can rebound, he says.
That being said, there are a lot of low and no-interest loans popping up right now. Check with your bank and credit union to see what they’re offering. The American Banking Association?is keeping a list of programs being made available by banks around the country.
A line of credit also might be smart to put in place even if you don’t need the cash now. And unlike a term loan, you have to repay only what you draw from the line. “Don’t use the loan if you don’t have to, and don’t use it to buy consumer items. But if you need it to keep your business afloat, you’ll appreciate having ‘money in the bank,’” says Tara Unverzagt, a certified financial planner and founder of South Bay Financial Partners in Torrance, Calif.
Many counties, cities, and states are offering their own financial help programs. The National Governors Association has a list of websites to find resources by state. Also check your local Small Business Development Center for potential programs.
Finally, the CARES Act includes $349 million for the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) to guarantee loans through its 7(a) loan program. The SBA is also offering Economic Injury Disaster Loans for qualifying small businesses. These are low-interest loans with terms potentially as long as 30 years for small businesses and nonprofits. You can apply for an SBA loan through its?site. Be prepared to provide the following information:
How to drum up more business
It’s understandable that you might be feeling discouraged—even panicked—about the future. But there are things you can do to try to drum up more business and protect your finances.
? Network, network, network: “The worst thing you can do right now is stop communicating,” says Chris Russell, a certified financial planner and founder of Tempus Pecunia in San Diego. “Talk to your clients, talk to your audience. Put out the word on Facebook that you’re still open for business.” Put a banner on your website to let people know you’re still up and running and any changes you’ve made to make your business more applicable in light of COVID-19. Reach out to folks in your industry since many are putting together sites like this one with opportunities and resources for freelance artists.
? Offer free advice: Obviously, the ideal would be to get paid for your work, but offering free advice or services to people in need is a good way to stay busy, keep your name out in the world, expose yourself to a larger audience, and hopefully earn some goodwill in the future when business picks up again.
? Improve your business: When you’re self-employed, you usually don’t have much time to spend on fine-tuning your business. Now is a good time to make changes. Think about ways to operate more efficiently. Review your marketing materials and see what needs updating. Think about your technology and social media accounts. And consider the future and what updates you’ll need to make to your business to address the new way of life after a pandemic, Morton says. Although cutting your expenses is important, Unverzagt warns not to cut things that can make you money like marketing tools and essential staff.
? Get a side gig: Consider a side hustle like online tutoring or making deliveries. Or take an aspect of your own business and shape it into something people need now. “Advertise locally and drum up some extra cash for things people are craving during this time of being shut in and distanced from others,” Morton says.
How to handle your student loans
The U.S. Department of Education is allowing?those with a federal student loan to suspend paying their loans for 60 days without accruing interest. Whether you suspend your loan or not, all loans will also have a 0% interest rate for at least 60 days. To suspend your loan, you’ll have to call your loan provider. To find your provider, log into your My Federal Student Aid?account.
A better option might be to switch to an income-based repayment plan. These plans are based on a percentage of your discretionary income. You’ll pay more interest over the life of the loan, but if your income has taken a big hit, it can help your monthly payments be a lot more manageable.
If you have a private student loan, that doesn’t mean you’re out of luck. Many private lenders are mirroring the federal student loan offers. Reach out to your provider to see what it can do for you.
How to handle your emergency fund and retirement accounts
This is an emergency, so yes, break glass on your emergency fund. That doesn’t mean you have to tap your emergency fund today, Morton says, but it’s fine to access those funds once you’ve made some big cuts to your expenses. As for your retirement accounts, though, “if you have enough cash flow and liquidity to meet your needs, they should be off-limits,” Russell says.
If approved, the government’s coronavirus stimulus package includes a provision that waives the 10% early withdrawal penalty for up to $100,000 for COVID-19 hardships. But if that doesn’t happen, taking that 10% hit isn’t a good idea. “Find a low-interest loan or borrow from your 401(k) instead, especially if you have to pay income taxes on the distribution too. Otherwise, you end up with so little for the trouble,” Unverzagt says.