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上周三,，維權團體以及谷歌、Facebook和Netflix等一眾互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司聯(lián)手維護網(wǎng)絡中立性,，反對美國聯(lián)邦通信委員會取消相關保護措施的提議,。但網(wǎng)絡中立性到底是什么？世界上一些最大的公司又為什么要保護它呢,？

以下是大家需要了解的東西,。

何為網(wǎng)絡中立性？

網(wǎng)絡中立性是指網(wǎng)絡向所有人開放,，也就是說,，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)服務提供商不能阻攔內(nèi)容或故意延長某些網(wǎng)站的頁面加載時間。聯(lián)邦通信委員會最初于2010年批準了這項原則,，其本質(zhì)就是宣布上網(wǎng)是所有人應有的權利,。

互聯(lián)網(wǎng)服務提供商為什么想改變它？

因為在用戶要進入某些網(wǎng)站時向他們收費,，或者向互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司收取用于躲開較慢網(wǎng)速的“快速通道”費可以讓Comcast,、威瑞森和美國電話電報等ISP大賺一筆。

ISP如愿以償會出現(xiàn)什么情況？

網(wǎng)絡中立性支持者普遍擔心的是ISP可能把互聯(lián)網(wǎng)一分為二,，一個是拿得出快速通道費的大公司使用的較快網(wǎng)絡,，另一個則是所有人使用的較慢網(wǎng)絡。他們還指出,，取消網(wǎng)絡中立性可能提高所有網(wǎng)絡用戶的上網(wǎng)成本,，并且會影響開放、便利的網(wǎng)絡環(huán)境培育出的創(chuàng)新,，因為有創(chuàng)意但規(guī)模較小的初創(chuàng)公司或許無法負擔ISP費用,。

但支持聯(lián)邦通信委員會廢止網(wǎng)絡中立性原則的人認為，來自Netflix和YouTube等公司的數(shù)據(jù)過多,，造成互聯(lián)網(wǎng)整體運轉(zhuǎn)速度下降,。對帶寬用量最多的用戶收取費用有望提高網(wǎng)絡效率和速度。取消網(wǎng)絡中立性還可以阻止從BitTorrent等網(wǎng)站非法下載內(nèi)容和媒體的行為,。

網(wǎng)絡中立性之爭至少從2010年就開始了,，它為什么又成了焦點呢？

唐納德·特朗普總統(tǒng)任命的聯(lián)邦通信委員會主席,、共和黨人阿吉特·派正在積極行動,，想推翻保護網(wǎng)絡中立性的現(xiàn)行規(guī)定。今年5月,，該委員會投票決定推翻網(wǎng)絡中立性指導原則,。為此，它需要在今年晚些時候再次進行投票,，而市場普遍認為網(wǎng)絡中立性的前途看來不妙,，而且是非常不妙。因此,，上述維權團體以及互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司才共同將周三定為“挽救網(wǎng)絡中立性行動互聯(lián)網(wǎng)日”,。

那么誰參加了當天的活動呢？

參加者包括谷歌,、Facebook,、美國公民自由聯(lián)盟、Reddit,、亞馬遜,、愛彼迎、推特,、Mozilla,、Netflix、Vimeo,、Spotify,、Dropbox,、Expedia、幾位眾議員和參議員以及諸多其他人士和團體,。

基本上,，所有主要通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)來開展業(yè)務的公司都可能支持網(wǎng)絡中立性。沒有了這項原則,，它們就會受到快速通道費的沖擊,；如果付不起這筆費用，它們就可能因為網(wǎng)速變慢而失去用戶,。（財富中文網(wǎng)）

譯者：Charlie

審稿：夏林

Activist groups and internet companies from Google to Facebook and Netflix united to defend net neutrality Wednesday from a rollback of protections proposed by the Federal Communications Commission. But what exactly is net neutrality, and why are some of the biggest companies in the world trying to protect it?

Here's what you need to know:

What is net neutrality?

Net neutrality is the idea that the web is open to everyone, meaning that internet service providers can't block content or intentionally slow down load times for particular websites. The principle, which was initially approved by the FCC in 2010, essentially states that web access is a human right that should be available for all.

Why would internet service providers want to change that?

Because ISPs like Comcast, Verizon and AT&T could make a substantial profit by charging users to access certain websites or by charging extra for "fast lanes" that allow internet companies willing to pay to bypass slower bandwidth.

What could happen if ISPs got their way?

The general fear from advocates of net neutrality is that ISPs could fracture the web into two different internets — one faster version for the major companies who could afford to pay fast lane fees, and slower version for everyone else. Proponents additionally argue that rolling back net neutrality could lead to an increase in internet bills for everyday web users and dent the innovation that can sprout from an open, available web — smaller startups with new ideas might not be able to afford the ISP fees.

But those who support the FCC's rollbacks believe that an excess of data from companies like Netflix and YouTube are slowing down the overall functionality of the internet. Charging fees to the biggest bandwidth-users could lead to a more efficient and swift connection. The end of net neutrality could also halt the illegal downloading of content and media on sites like BitTorrent.

The net neutrality debate has been ongoing since at least 2010 — why is it back in the spotlight?

FCC Chairman Ajit Pai, a Republican appointee of President Donald Trump, is actively seeking to repeal the current rules in place that protect net neutrality. In May, the FCC voted to repeal net neutrality guidelines. The decision will require another vote later this year, but the general consensus is that the future of net neutrality is not looking good — at all. In response, those aforementioned activist groups and internet companies teamed up to organize an "Internet-Wide Day of Action to Save Net Neutrality" on Wednesday.

So who is participating in that day of action?

To name a few: Google, Facebook, the American Civil Liberties Union, Reddit, Amazon, Airbnb, Twitter, Mozilla, Netflix, Vimeo, Spotify, Dropbox, Expedia, a handful of Congress and Senator members, and many other people and groups.

Basically, any company that primarily conducts its business via the internet is likely going to support net neutrality. Without it in place, they stand to get hit with fast lane fees and, if they can't afford to pay them, lose customers due to reduced bandwidth speeds.