
根據(jù)一份關(guān)于美國國民幸福狀況的最新綜合報(bào)告,,美國充滿了值得探究的矛盾,。
根據(jù)本月發(fā)布的國情項(xiàng)目年度進(jìn)展報(bào)告,“我們身處一個(gè)極端并存的國家——有極端的成功,,也有極端的失敗,。盡管我們國家更多領(lǐng)域的趨勢(shì)有所好轉(zhuǎn),而非惡化,。但相較于其他國家,,情況卻恰恰相反——即在更多領(lǐng)域,我們正經(jīng)歷著惡化而非好轉(zhuǎn),?!?/p>
這份報(bào)告由一群來自兩黨政治派別的學(xué)者牽頭,他們領(lǐng)導(dǎo)著美國七家智庫,,并在過去五屆美國總統(tǒng)政府中擔(dān)任顧問或任職,。該報(bào)告研究了15個(gè)主題領(lǐng)域的37項(xiàng)指標(biāo),以量化美國的福祉狀況,。這些指標(biāo)由學(xué)者們研究得出,,并以1000名美國成年人為樣本,包括美國民眾對(duì)政府的信任度,、對(duì)刑事司法系統(tǒng)的信任,、收入不平等狀況、暴力事件,、生活滿意度,、社會(huì)資本、心理健康狀況,、家庭和兒童健康水平,、教育和工作參與度。
報(bào)告發(fā)現(xiàn),,美國經(jīng)濟(jì)增速最快,,經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)出超過98%的其他高收入國家,生產(chǎn)率超過88%的其他高收入國家,。然而,,美國民眾的整體生活滿意度卻在下降。在選民參與度和對(duì)民主的信心(全美呈下降趨勢(shì))方面,,美國的表現(xiàn)落后于大多數(shù)接受評(píng)估的其他國家,。尤為值得關(guān)注的是,,美國民眾對(duì)聯(lián)邦政府、警察以及高校的信任度均在下降,。
報(bào)告稱:“近三分之二的高收入國家對(duì)民主的支持度超越了美國,。”此外,,美國是抑郁癥和焦慮癥患病率最高的中高收入國家之一,,情況比其他90%的國家都要糟糕,,而且美國也是全球吸毒過量致死率最高的國家,。與其他高收入國家相比,美國在兒童死亡率,、青少年抑郁癥以及單親家庭兒童所占比例等方面的表現(xiàn)均處于中等或更差的水平,。
這一發(fā)現(xiàn)與去年發(fā)布的《世界幸福報(bào)告》(World Happiness Report)中的結(jié)論不謀而合。在那份報(bào)告中,,美國跌出了前20名,,這在很大程度上是由于年輕人的心理健康狀況不斷惡化。密歇根州希爾斯代爾學(xué)院的歷史學(xué)家布拉德利·伯澤(Bradley Birzer)告訴《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》:“我們?nèi)绱烁挥?,卻如此不幸福,。”
芝加哥大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家阿里爾·卡利爾(Ariel Kalil)告訴《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》,,存在一種錯(cuò)誤的假設(shè),,即認(rèn)為促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展能夠提升所有人的幸福感。
學(xué)者們探討了其中起作用的因素,,包括社會(huì)隔離現(xiàn)象和政治兩極分化加劇,。
這些研究結(jié)果是基于全美平均數(shù)據(jù)得出的,學(xué)者們還指出,,鑒于生活滿意度因社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位,、性別、種族等因素而存在顯著差異,,全美各地的不平等現(xiàn)象也導(dǎo)致了這些發(fā)現(xiàn),。
學(xué)者們?cè)趫?zhí)行摘要中總結(jié)道:"雖然我們的平均收入水平很高,但我們?nèi)匀皇侨蚴杖胱畈黄降鹊膰抑??!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:中慧言-王芳
根據(jù)一份關(guān)于美國國民幸福狀況的最新綜合報(bào)告,美國充滿了值得探究的矛盾,。
根據(jù)本月發(fā)布的國情項(xiàng)目年度進(jìn)展報(bào)告,,“我們身處一個(gè)極端并存的國家——有極端的成功,也有極端的失敗,。盡管我們國家更多領(lǐng)域的趨勢(shì)有所好轉(zhuǎn),,而非惡化,。但相較于其他國家,情況卻恰恰相反——即在更多領(lǐng)域,,我們正經(jīng)歷著惡化而非好轉(zhuǎn),。”
這份報(bào)告由一群來自兩黨政治派別的學(xué)者牽頭,,他們領(lǐng)導(dǎo)著美國七家智庫,,并在過去五屆美國總統(tǒng)政府中擔(dān)任顧問或任職。該報(bào)告研究了15個(gè)主題領(lǐng)域的37項(xiàng)指標(biāo),,以量化美國的福祉狀況,。這些指標(biāo)由學(xué)者們研究得出,并以1000名美國成年人為樣本,,包括美國民眾對(duì)政府的信任度,、對(duì)刑事司法系統(tǒng)的信任、收入不平等狀況,、暴力事件,、生活滿意度、社會(huì)資本,、心理健康狀況,、家庭和兒童健康水平、教育和工作參與度,。
報(bào)告發(fā)現(xiàn),,美國經(jīng)濟(jì)增速最快,經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)出超過98%的其他高收入國家,,生產(chǎn)率超過88%的其他高收入國家,。然而,美國民眾的整體生活滿意度卻在下降,。在選民參與度和對(duì)民主的信心(全美呈下降趨勢(shì))方面,,美國的表現(xiàn)落后于大多數(shù)接受評(píng)估的其他國家。尤為值得關(guān)注的是,,美國民眾對(duì)聯(lián)邦政府,、警察以及高校的信任度均在下降。
報(bào)告稱:“近三分之二的高收入國家對(duì)民主的支持度超越了美國,?!贝送猓绹且钟舭Y和焦慮癥患病率最高的中高收入國家之一,,情況比其他90%的國家都要糟糕,,而且美國也是全球吸毒過量致死率最高的國家。與其他高收入國家相比,美國在兒童死亡率,、青少年抑郁癥以及單親家庭兒童所占比例等方面的表現(xiàn)均處于中等或更差的水平,。
這一發(fā)現(xiàn)與去年發(fā)布的《世界幸福報(bào)告》(World Happiness Report)中的結(jié)論不謀而合。在那份報(bào)告中,,美國跌出了前20名,,這在很大程度上是由于年輕人的心理健康狀況不斷惡化。密歇根州希爾斯代爾學(xué)院的歷史學(xué)家布拉德利·伯澤(Bradley Birzer)告訴《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》:“我們?nèi)绱烁挥?,卻如此不幸福,。”
芝加哥大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家阿里爾·卡利爾(Ariel Kalil)告訴《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》,,存在一種錯(cuò)誤的假設(shè),,即認(rèn)為促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展能夠提升所有人的幸福感。
學(xué)者們探討了其中起作用的因素,,包括社會(huì)隔離現(xiàn)象和政治兩極分化加劇,。
這些研究結(jié)果是基于全美平均數(shù)據(jù)得出的,,學(xué)者們還指出,,鑒于生活滿意度因社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位、性別,、種族等因素而存在顯著差異,,全美各地的不平等現(xiàn)象也導(dǎo)致了這些發(fā)現(xiàn)。
學(xué)者們?cè)趫?zhí)行摘要中總結(jié)道:"雖然我們的平均收入水平很高,,但我們?nèi)匀皇侨蚴杖胱畈黄降鹊膰抑?。”(?cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:中慧言-王芳
The U.S. is full of contradictions worth exploring, according to a comprehensive new report on the state of national well-being.
“We are a nation of extremes—extreme successes and extreme failures,” according to the State of the Nation Project’s annual progress report released this month. “Our national trends are improving in more areas than we are declining. However, relative to other countries, the opposite is true—we are declining in more areas than we are improving.”
The report, championed by a group of scholars who fall on both lines of the political spectrum, lead in seven of the country’s think tanks, and have taken seats advising or working for the last five U.S. presidential administrations, examined 37 measures across 15 topic areas to quantify America’s well-being. Measures, researched by the scholars and informed by a sample of 1,000 U.S. adults, include Americans’ trust in government, trust in criminal justice systems, income inequality, violence, life satisfaction, social capital, mental health, family and child health, education, and work participation.
The U.S. has the fastest-growing economy, outperforming 98% of other high-income countries in economic output and 88% of other high-income countries in productivity, the report found. However, overall life satisfaction in the U.S. is declining. For voter participation and the belief in democracy (a national declining trend), the country is underperforming most other countries assessed. In particular, trust in the federal government, police, and colleges and universities is declining in the U.S.
“Almost two-thirds of high-income countries have more support for democracy than the United States,” according to the report. What’s more, the U.S. is among the worst middle- and high-income countries on depression and anxiety prevalence, faring worse than about 90% of other countries—and is the country reporting the world’s highest rate for fatal drug overdoses. For measures of child mortality, youth depression, and the percentage of children growing up in single-parent households, the U.S. is faring in the middle or worse compared to other high-income countries.
The findings are in line with last year’s World Happiness Report, in which the U.S. dropped out of the top 20, due in large part to young people’s declining mental well-being. “We’re so wealthy, but so unhappy,” Bradley Birzer, a historian at Hillsdale College in Michigan, tells the New York Times.
Ariel Kalil, an economist at the University of Chicago, told the Times there’s a false assumption that boosting the economy boosts well-being for all.
The scholars explore the factors at play, including rising rates of social isolation and political polarization.
The results were based on national averages, and the scholars also note that inequities across the country contribute to these findings, given that life satisfaction differs greatly depending on socioeconomic status, gender, race, and more.
“While we have a very high average income, we continue to have among the most unequal incomes in the world,” the scholars conclude in their executive summary.