
一直以來,美國(guó)人都給人一種信心滿滿的印象,。勇于進(jìn)取的態(tài)度和追求美國(guó)夢(mèng)(American Dream),,往往被認(rèn)為是美國(guó)的典型特征。美國(guó)夢(mèng)鼓勵(lì)每個(gè)人自由地追求夢(mèng)想,,改善自己和家人的生活,。事實(shí)上,在全世界期待離開祖國(guó)的人們當(dāng)中,,美國(guó)一直是最受歡迎的目的地,。
然而,最近的調(diào)查顯示,,許多美國(guó)人正在對(duì)國(guó)家的未來失去信心,。皮尤研究中心(Pew Research Center)2023年的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),至少有三分之二的美國(guó)人認(rèn)為,,到2050年,,美國(guó)將在經(jīng)濟(jì)上變得更加低迷,在全世界的重要性下降,,而且政治分歧將變得更加嚴(yán)重,。2023年,《華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)》-全國(guó)民意研究中心(Wall Street Journal-NORC)的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),,近80%的美國(guó)人預(yù)計(jì)其子女的生活不會(huì)比他們這一代人的生活更美好,。
美國(guó)人是否正在失去希望?
為了找到這個(gè)問題的答案,,阿克布里奇研究所(Archbridge Institute)的人類繁榮實(shí)驗(yàn)室(Human Flourishing Lab)聯(lián)合芝加哥大學(xué)(University of Chicago)的全國(guó)民意研究中心,,調(diào)查了2,000名具有全國(guó)代表性的美國(guó)人對(duì)未來的希望。我們特意區(qū)分了個(gè)人希望和國(guó)家或全球?qū)用娴南M?。調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示,,這種區(qū)分非常重要。
好消息是,,大多數(shù)的美國(guó)人仍然對(duì)個(gè)人生活充滿希望:82%的受訪者對(duì)自己的未來抱有希望,,85%對(duì)家庭的未來抱有希望,74%對(duì)本地社區(qū)的未來抱有希望,。不同人口統(tǒng)計(jì)群體之間存在一些差異,,但在大多數(shù)情況下,不同性別,、年齡,、種族、民族,、收入和政治群體的美國(guó)人都有較高的希望水平,。
很可惜,在超出本地環(huán)境之后,,受訪者的希望水平普遍下降,。只有56%的美國(guó)人對(duì)美國(guó)的未來抱有希望,這在大選年是一個(gè)尤其令人沮喪的趨勢(shì),。此外,,只有44%的美國(guó)人相信在未來數(shù)十年,美國(guó)將在應(yīng)對(duì)重大社會(huì)和全球挑戰(zhàn)方面取得顯著進(jìn)展,。
我們還調(diào)查了受訪者當(dāng)前的心理健康狀況,,并發(fā)現(xiàn)了美國(guó)人之間最驚人的差異。例如,,90%表示心理健康狀況良好的美國(guó)人對(duì)自己的未來抱有希望,,相比之下,在表示心理健康狀況不佳的美國(guó)人中,,只有49%對(duì)自己的未來抱有希望,。
失去希望的真正原因
雖然我們通常認(rèn)為心理健康是個(gè)人問題,但實(shí)際上它具有更加廣泛的社會(huì)影響,。心理疾病會(huì)削弱社會(huì)信任,,減少促進(jìn)社會(huì)繁榮的行為,比如勞動(dòng)力參與率和創(chuàng)業(yè)等,。心理健康還會(huì)影響人們對(duì)國(guó)家未來和人類進(jìn)步的愿景,。例如,我們的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),,在表示自己心理健康狀況良好的受訪者中,,有62%對(duì)美國(guó)的未來抱有希望,,而在表示自己心理健康狀況不佳的受訪者中,只有32%對(duì)美國(guó)的未來抱有希望,。
心理健康與希望之間的關(guān)系,,也可以解釋不同年齡群體之間的差異。我們的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),,30歲以下的成年人普遍比更年長(zhǎng)的群體更加悲觀,。但信心的下降似乎源于年輕群體心理健康狀況的惡化。如果只看心理健康狀況良好的美國(guó)人,,年輕人與年長(zhǎng)群體同樣對(duì)未來抱有希望,。實(shí)際上,心理健康的年輕人對(duì)美國(guó)的未來抱有希望的比例最高,,比例為71%,,而其他群體只有約60%。
心理健康和孤獨(dú)等其他心理問題,,可能是當(dāng)今時(shí)代人類繁榮和進(jìn)步最大的障礙之一,。雖然我們生活在物質(zhì)豐富的時(shí)代,但如果人們沒有充滿希望的心態(tài),,他們就無(wú)法充分利用自己的能力改善生活,,解決我們所面臨的重大挑戰(zhàn)。研究顯示,,當(dāng)個(gè)人對(duì)未來抱有希望時(shí),,他們就會(huì)變得更加自信、更以目標(biāo)為驅(qū)動(dòng),、更有韌性,、更積極地參與社區(qū)、更有創(chuàng)造力和創(chuàng)新能力,。因此,,抱有希望的人們往往更容易成功實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的遠(yuǎn)大抱負(fù),更有可能認(rèn)為自己的人生是有意義的,。
我們生活在媒體飽和的時(shí)代,,總是會(huì)接觸到負(fù)面新聞和專注于負(fù)面的社會(huì)評(píng)論,這讓我們感覺阻礙人類進(jìn)步的障礙難以逾越,。但如果我們回顧那些被戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),、饑荒、疾病,、貧窮,、歧視和社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩主宰的歷史時(shí)期,我們就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),一種充滿希望的心態(tài),,即相信人們有能力開創(chuàng)更美好的未來的信念,,在激勵(lì)人們克服障礙和創(chuàng)建更美好的世界方面,發(fā)揮著關(guān)鍵作用,。
當(dāng)然,,我們有許多老問題沒有解決,而新的問題又不斷出現(xiàn),。但這恰好說明了為什么希望依舊重要,且未來始終重要,。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
本文作者克萊·勞特利奇(Clay Routledge)為阿克布里奇研究所(Archbridge Institute)的人類繁榮實(shí)驗(yàn)室(Human Flourishing Lab)的研究副總裁兼主任,。安德魯·阿貝塔(Andrew Abeyta)為人類繁榮實(shí)驗(yàn)室的研究員和羅格斯大學(xué)(Rutgers University)的心理學(xué)助理教授。
Fortune.com上發(fā)表的評(píng)論文章中表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn),,僅代表作者本人的觀點(diǎn),,不代表《財(cái)富》雜志的觀點(diǎn)和立場(chǎng)。
譯者:劉進(jìn)龍
審校:汪皓
一直以來,,美國(guó)人都給人一種信心滿滿的印象,。勇于進(jìn)取的態(tài)度和追求美國(guó)夢(mèng)(American Dream),往往被認(rèn)為是美國(guó)的典型特征,。美國(guó)夢(mèng)鼓勵(lì)每個(gè)人自由地追求夢(mèng)想,,改善自己和家人的生活。事實(shí)上,,在全世界期待離開祖國(guó)的人們當(dāng)中,,美國(guó)一直是最受歡迎的目的地。
然而,,最近的調(diào)查顯示,,許多美國(guó)人正在對(duì)國(guó)家的未來失去信心。皮尤研究中心(Pew Research Center)2023年的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),,至少有三分之二的美國(guó)人認(rèn)為,,到2050年,美國(guó)將在經(jīng)濟(jì)上變得更加低迷,,在全世界的重要性下降,,而且政治分歧將變得更加嚴(yán)重。2023年,,《華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)》-全國(guó)民意研究中心(Wall Street Journal-NORC)的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),,近80%的美國(guó)人預(yù)計(jì)其子女的生活不會(huì)比他們這一代人的生活更美好。
美國(guó)人是否正在失去希望,?
為了找到這個(gè)問題的答案,,阿克布里奇研究所(Archbridge Institute)的人類繁榮實(shí)驗(yàn)室(Human Flourishing Lab)聯(lián)合芝加哥大學(xué)(University of Chicago)的全國(guó)民意研究中心,調(diào)查了2,000名具有全國(guó)代表性的美國(guó)人對(duì)未來的希望,。我們特意區(qū)分了個(gè)人希望和國(guó)家或全球?qū)用娴南M?。調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示,,這種區(qū)分非常重要。
好消息是,,大多數(shù)的美國(guó)人仍然對(duì)個(gè)人生活充滿希望:82%的受訪者對(duì)自己的未來抱有希望,,85%對(duì)家庭的未來抱有希望,74%對(duì)本地社區(qū)的未來抱有希望,。不同人口統(tǒng)計(jì)群體之間存在一些差異,,但在大多數(shù)情況下,不同性別,、年齡,、種族、民族,、收入和政治群體的美國(guó)人都有較高的希望水平,。
很可惜,在超出本地環(huán)境之后,,受訪者的希望水平普遍下降,。只有56%的美國(guó)人對(duì)美國(guó)的未來抱有希望,這在大選年是一個(gè)尤其令人沮喪的趨勢(shì),。此外,,只有44%的美國(guó)人相信在未來數(shù)十年,美國(guó)將在應(yīng)對(duì)重大社會(huì)和全球挑戰(zhàn)方面取得顯著進(jìn)展,。
我們還調(diào)查了受訪者當(dāng)前的心理健康狀況,,并發(fā)現(xiàn)了美國(guó)人之間最驚人的差異。例如,,90%表示心理健康狀況良好的美國(guó)人對(duì)自己的未來抱有希望,,相比之下,在表示心理健康狀況不佳的美國(guó)人中,,只有49%對(duì)自己的未來抱有希望,。
失去希望的真正原因
雖然我們通常認(rèn)為心理健康是個(gè)人問題,但實(shí)際上它具有更加廣泛的社會(huì)影響,。心理疾病會(huì)削弱社會(huì)信任,,減少促進(jìn)社會(huì)繁榮的行為,比如勞動(dòng)力參與率和創(chuàng)業(yè)等,。心理健康還會(huì)影響人們對(duì)國(guó)家未來和人類進(jìn)步的愿景,。例如,我們的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),,在表示自己心理健康狀況良好的受訪者中,,有62%對(duì)美國(guó)的未來抱有希望,而在表示自己心理健康狀況不佳的受訪者中,只有32%對(duì)美國(guó)的未來抱有希望,。
心理健康與希望之間的關(guān)系,,也可以解釋不同年齡群體之間的差異。我們的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),,30歲以下的成年人普遍比更年長(zhǎng)的群體更加悲觀,。但信心的下降似乎源于年輕群體心理健康狀況的惡化。如果只看心理健康狀況良好的美國(guó)人,,年輕人與年長(zhǎng)群體同樣對(duì)未來抱有希望,。實(shí)際上,心理健康的年輕人對(duì)美國(guó)的未來抱有希望的比例最高,,比例為71%,,而其他群體只有約60%。
心理健康和孤獨(dú)等其他心理問題,,可能是當(dāng)今時(shí)代人類繁榮和進(jìn)步最大的障礙之一。雖然我們生活在物質(zhì)豐富的時(shí)代,,但如果人們沒有充滿希望的心態(tài),,他們就無(wú)法充分利用自己的能力改善生活,解決我們所面臨的重大挑戰(zhàn),。研究顯示,,當(dāng)個(gè)人對(duì)未來抱有希望時(shí),他們就會(huì)變得更加自信,、更以目標(biāo)為驅(qū)動(dòng),、更有韌性、更積極地參與社區(qū),、更有創(chuàng)造力和創(chuàng)新能力,。因此,抱有希望的人們往往更容易成功實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的遠(yuǎn)大抱負(fù),,更有可能認(rèn)為自己的人生是有意義的,。
我們生活在媒體飽和的時(shí)代,總是會(huì)接觸到負(fù)面新聞和專注于負(fù)面的社會(huì)評(píng)論,,這讓我們感覺阻礙人類進(jìn)步的障礙難以逾越,。但如果我們回顧那些被戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、饑荒,、疾病,、貧窮、歧視和社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩主宰的歷史時(shí)期,,我們就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),,一種充滿希望的心態(tài),即相信人們有能力開創(chuàng)更美好的未來的信念,在激勵(lì)人們克服障礙和創(chuàng)建更美好的世界方面,,發(fā)揮著關(guān)鍵作用,。
當(dāng)然,我們有許多老問題沒有解決,,而新的問題又不斷出現(xiàn),。但這恰好說明了為什么希望依舊重要,且未來始終重要,。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
本文作者克萊·勞特利奇(Clay Routledge)為阿克布里奇研究所(Archbridge Institute)的人類繁榮實(shí)驗(yàn)室(Human Flourishing Lab)的研究副總裁兼主任,。安德魯·阿貝塔(Andrew Abeyta)為人類繁榮實(shí)驗(yàn)室的研究員和羅格斯大學(xué)(Rutgers University)的心理學(xué)助理教授。
Fortune.com上發(fā)表的評(píng)論文章中表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn),,僅代表作者本人的觀點(diǎn),,不代表《財(cái)富》雜志的觀點(diǎn)和立場(chǎng)。
譯者:劉進(jìn)龍
審校:汪皓
Americans have a long reputation for being hopeful. The United States is often characterized by its can-do attitude and the pursuit of the American Dream–the idea that motivated individuals have the freedom to pursue their dreams and improve life for themselves and their families. Indeed, the United States is consistently the most popular destination for people around the world looking to leave their home country.
However, recent surveys suggest that many Americans are losing faith in the future of the nation. A 2023 survey by the Pew Research Center found at least two-thirds of Americans believe that by 2050, America will become economically weaker, less important in the world, and more politically divided. A 2023 Wall Street Journal-NORC survey found that nearly 80% of Americans do not expect life for their children’s generation to be better than it has been for their own generation.
Are we losing hope?
To find out, our team at the Archbridge Institute’s Human Flourishing Lab, in partnership with NORC at the University of Chicago, surveyed a nationally representative sample of just over 2,000 Americans about their hopefulness for the future. We were particularly interested in distinguishing between personal hope and hope at the broader national or global levels. Our results reveal that this distinction is an important one.
The good news is that most Americans continue to have hope in their personal lives: 82% are hopeful for their own future, 85% are hopeful for the future of their family, and 74% are hopeful for the future of their local community. There is some variation across demographic groups, but for the most part, these high levels of hope characterize Americans across diverse gender, age, racial, ethnic, income, and political groups.
Unfortunately, hope drops considerably when we extend it beyond the local environment. Only 56% of Americans are hopeful for the future of the U.S., a particularly distressing trend during an election year. Moreover, only 44% of Americans believe that humans will make significant progress on major societal and global challenges in the coming decades.
We also asked respondents about their current mental health, and that’s where we observed the most striking differences between Americans. As one example, 90% of Americans who say their mental health is good are hopeful for their own future, compared to 49% of Americans who say their mental health is not good.
The real reason for hopelessness
Though we often think about mental health as a personal issue, it has broader societal implications. Mental illness reduces social trust and behaviors that promote societal flourishing such as labor force participation and entrepreneurship. Mental health may also influence people’s visions of the future of the nation and human progress. For instance, in our survey, the percentage of Americans who are hopeful for the future of the country drops from 62% among those who say their mental health is good to 32% among those who say their mental health is poor.
This relationship between mental health and hope also explains the differences we observed across age groups. According to our survey, adults under the age of 30 are generally less hopeful than older Americans. However, this decline appears to be driven by worse mental health among younger cohorts. When we only look at the responses of Americans who say their mental health is good, young adults are just as hopeful as older generations. In fact, mentally healthy young adults are actually the most hopeful group when it comes to the future of the nation–71% are hopeful for the future of the U.S., compared to around 60% in every other age group.
Mental health and related psychological problems such as loneliness may prove to be one of the most significant barriers to human flourishing and progress in our time. Despite living in an age of material abundance, if people don’t adopt a hopeful mindset, they won’t fully utilize their ability to better their lives and address the major challenges we face today. Research demonstrates that, when individuals are hopeful for the future, they are more self-confident, goal-motivated, resilient, engaged in their communities, creative, and innovative. As a result, hopeful people tend to be more successful at achieving their aspirations and are more likely to perceive their lives as meaningful.
We live in a media-saturated world where we are constantly exposed to negative news and grievance-focused social commentary, which can make us feel like the barriers to human progress are insurmountable. But if we look back at historical periods dominated by war, famine, disease, poverty, discrimination, and social upheaval, we would discover that a hopeful mindset–the belief that people have the power to build a better future–played a crucial role in inspiring people to overcome obstacles and create the better world we live in today.
Of course, we haven’t solved all of our old problems, and new ones continue to appear. But that is exactly why hope still matters and always will.
Clay Routledge is vice president of research and director of the Human Flourishing Lab at the Archbridge Institute. Andrew Abeyta is a fellow at the Human Flourishing Lab and an assistant professor of psychology at Rutgers University.
The opinions expressed in Fortune.com commentary pieces are solely the views of their authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions and beliefs of Fortune.