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這家公司起死回生的絕招:把6000名員工送給另外一家公司

關(guān)于美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)的未來(lái),,該公司不太可能重現(xiàn)昔日的輝煌,,但它似乎終于擺脫了最低點(diǎn),。

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美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)首席執(zhí)行官彼得·扎菲諾,。圖片來(lái)源:CHRISTOPHER OCCHICONE—BLOOMBERG VIA GETTY IMAGES

彼得·扎菲諾急需一些重要的信息,,但他震驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)這些信息無(wú)處可尋,。

那是2017年,,他剛剛出任美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)(AIG)的首席運(yùn)營(yíng)官。同年晚些時(shí)候,,他還成為保險(xiǎn)公司最大業(yè)務(wù)——一般保險(xiǎn)(General Insurance)的首席執(zhí)行官,,該業(yè)務(wù)銷(xiāo)售各種財(cái)產(chǎn)保險(xiǎn)、意外傷害保險(xiǎn),、責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)和其他保險(xiǎn),。這項(xiàng)業(yè)務(wù)陷入困境?!敖o我一份賬戶(hù)清單,。”他回憶說(shuō),?!拔蚁肟纯春吮H说拿郑l(shuí)表現(xiàn)出色,,誰(shuí)表現(xiàn)不佳——我想向兩者學(xué)習(xí),。”

但當(dāng)公司查看其系統(tǒng)時(shí),,卻發(fā)現(xiàn)核保人的名字與具體的保單沒(méi)有關(guān)聯(lián),。這比草率的記錄更糟糕。核保,、評(píng)估客戶(hù)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)狀況并計(jì)算保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率,,是事關(guān)保險(xiǎn)公司成敗的最基本技能。財(cái)務(wù)業(yè)績(jī)表明,,美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)在這方面做得很糟糕,。美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)的現(xiàn)任首席執(zhí)行官扎菲諾說(shuō):“沒(méi)有人知道誰(shuí)在商業(yè)汽車(chē)和貨運(yùn)部門(mén)核保了什么?!?/p>

早期的沖擊預(yù)示著接下來(lái)幾年將面臨更大的挑戰(zhàn),。讓核保業(yè)務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)虧為盈只是未來(lái)數(shù)年轉(zhuǎn)型的一大步驟。如今,,大多數(shù)華爾街分析師認(rèn)為,,美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)正在實(shí)現(xiàn)更廣泛的轉(zhuǎn)變,其中大部分轉(zhuǎn)變是在新冠疫情期間實(shí)現(xiàn)的,。根據(jù)Keefe, Bruyette & Woods的分析師團(tuán)隊(duì)的說(shuō)法,,該公司今年第一季度的表現(xiàn)“證實(shí)了形勢(shì)正在全面好轉(zhuǎn)”,該團(tuán)隊(duì)給予該股“跑贏大盤(pán)”的評(píng)級(jí),。巴克萊銀行(Barclays)的分析師特雷西·本吉吉將美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)“強(qiáng)大的核保能力”以及其他因素列為預(yù)期股價(jià)上漲的理由,。

如果美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)沒(méi)有采取多管齊下的方法,包括解決核保業(yè)務(wù)問(wèn)題,、設(shè)計(jì)和執(zhí)行全球轉(zhuǎn)型計(jì)劃,,其中包括與埃森哲公司(Accenture)建立創(chuàng)新的合作伙伴關(guān)系,,就不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)整體好轉(zhuǎn)。這一合作始于2019年12月與埃森哲公司的首席執(zhí)行官朱莉·斯威特的一次偶然會(huì)面,。兩家公司共同致力于扭轉(zhuǎn)局面的幾大要素,,包括技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)型、新的數(shù)字化工作流程以及一項(xiàng)使 6000名美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)員工成為埃森哲員工的計(jì)劃——“這一規(guī)模是我們同時(shí)聘用人數(shù)最多的一次,?!彼雇卣f(shuō)。在此過(guò)程中,,她回憶道:“我很開(kāi)心地告訴彼得:‘我們的首席技術(shù)官親自參與其中,,他對(duì)我說(shuō),你們擁有的技術(shù)不僅是行業(yè)中最差的,,而且可能是他所見(jiàn)過(guò)的最差的前三名,。’”

埃森哲公司首席執(zhí)行官朱莉·斯威特,。圖片來(lái)源:Courtesy of Accenture

從危機(jī)中復(fù)蘇

對(duì)于那些不從事保險(xiǎn)業(yè)的人來(lái)說(shuō),,美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)在2008年金融危機(jī)之后寂寂無(wú)名。該公司成立于1919年,,已經(jīng)發(fā)展成為全球保險(xiǎn)業(yè)巨頭和美國(guó)最大的保險(xiǎn)公司,,在2006年的《財(cái)富》美國(guó)500強(qiáng)榜單上排名第9位。21世紀(jì)初,,隨著美國(guó)房地產(chǎn)泡沫的膨脹,該公司大肆出售信用違約掉期,,這是一種防范信用合同違約的保險(xiǎn)形式,。在2008年9月泡沫破裂、危機(jī)達(dá)到頂峰時(shí),,美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)無(wú)法償還突然欠下的各大主要金融機(jī)構(gòu)的錢(qián),。“政府認(rèn)為美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)規(guī)模太大,,不能倒閉,,并承諾提供超過(guò)1800億美元的救助資金?!泵绹?guó)金融危機(jī)調(diào)查委員會(huì)(Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission)后來(lái)的一份報(bào)告稱(chēng),。此次救助仍然是美國(guó)歷史上規(guī)模最大的企業(yè)救助計(jì)劃。到2008年年底,,美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)的市值縮水了98%,。

由于名譽(yù)受損,該公司發(fā)展陷入困境,,走上艱難的復(fù)蘇之路,。大約2萬(wàn)名員工在此之后立即離職或被解雇,,該公司也難以物色到合適的高管人選,因?yàn)楦?jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手中表現(xiàn)出色的高管都由于美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)品牌受損而望而卻步,。留下來(lái)的員工都感到沮喪和悲觀,,而多位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人似乎也無(wú)力重振公司。當(dāng)董事會(huì)于2021年3月將扎菲諾從首席運(yùn)營(yíng)官提升為首席執(zhí)行官時(shí),,他是美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)16年來(lái)的第八位首席執(zhí)行官,。

甚至在擔(dān)任首席運(yùn)營(yíng)官之前,當(dāng)扎菲諾負(fù)責(zé)Marsh & McLennan公司的保險(xiǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理業(yè)務(wù)時(shí),,他就已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)的問(wèn)題所在:幾乎所有方面都存在問(wèn)題,。進(jìn)入美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)后,招募新的管理團(tuán)隊(duì)就成了當(dāng)務(wù)之急,。55歲的扎菲諾是一個(gè)“確保團(tuán)隊(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的人”,,瑞士信貸集團(tuán)(Credit Suisse)的資深保險(xiǎn)分析師安德魯·克利格爾曼說(shuō)?!八膭?lì)員工完成任務(wù),,并確保他們是完成這些任務(wù)的合適人選?!弊屚獠咳耸考尤朊绹?guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)仍然很難,,但扎菲諾從小就開(kāi)始拓展自己的人脈。扎菲諾回憶稱(chēng),,他的父親是一位著名的保險(xiǎn)公司高管,,周末會(huì)舉辦晚宴?!拔艺J(rèn)識(shí)了父親的同齡人,。當(dāng)我年紀(jì)輕輕就成為(Marsh & McLennan子公司)的首席執(zhí)行官時(shí),這對(duì)我?guī)椭艽??!比缃瘢绹?guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)的12名高管中有9名是由扎菲諾任命的,。

修復(fù)美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)最糟糕的數(shù)據(jù)系統(tǒng)也是當(dāng)務(wù)之急,。該公司擁有數(shù)百萬(wàn)客戶(hù),但保險(xiǎn)索賠都是紙面上的,,錄入人工數(shù)據(jù)系統(tǒng)的過(guò)程緩慢而費(fèi)力,。因此,對(duì)企業(yè)進(jìn)行數(shù)字化改造將是一項(xiàng)艱巨的任務(wù),。

2019年年中,,美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)的總法律顧問(wèn)露西·法托打電話(huà)給斯威特。他們?cè)缭趲啄昵熬驼J(rèn)識(shí)了,當(dāng)時(shí)兩人都是紐約市頂級(jí)律師事務(wù)所的合伙人,。斯威特經(jīng)營(yíng)的埃森哲公司是一家為全球企業(yè)提供信息技術(shù)服務(wù)的咨詢(xún)巨頭,。法托向斯威特簡(jiǎn)要介紹了扎菲諾針對(duì)美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)的振興計(jì)劃,并建議二者見(jiàn)面會(huì)談,。

“他看著我說(shuō):‘我不喜歡顧問(wèn),。’”斯威特回憶起他們?cè)谖绮蜁r(shí)的第一次會(huì)面,?!八苤苯印,!彼雇貙?duì)此不介意,。她說(shuō),她不認(rèn)為自己是顧問(wèn),,因?yàn)椤八麄儾怀兄Z結(jié)果,。他們之間也不是合作伙伴關(guān)系?!苯?jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的討論,,她和扎菲諾同意進(jìn)行合作。

為了啟動(dòng)針對(duì)美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)的信息技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)型,,扎菲諾計(jì)劃建立一個(gè)共享服務(wù)中心,,該中心將為美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)的各種業(yè)務(wù)職能處理多項(xiàng)任務(wù),包括人力資源運(yùn)營(yíng),、索賠解決,、精算運(yùn)營(yíng)和財(cái)務(wù)。該公司在馬來(lái)西亞和其他地方的數(shù)據(jù)中心約有6000名員工,,可以轉(zhuǎn)調(diào)他們完成相關(guān)任務(wù),。

但斯威特對(duì)此表示懷疑,她敦促扎菲諾考慮另一條道路,,因?yàn)槊绹?guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)亟需改變,,而且缺乏內(nèi)部專(zhuān)家,。另一方面,,埃森哲公司在運(yùn)營(yíng)共享服務(wù)業(yè)務(wù)和建立領(lǐng)先的數(shù)據(jù)中心方面有著數(shù)十年的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。就完成這些任務(wù)而言,,埃森哲公司不需要進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí),。扎菲諾同意了斯威特的提議。

于是就開(kāi)始了將6000名美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)員工轉(zhuǎn)為埃森哲公司員工的計(jì)劃,。在受到高度監(jiān)管的保險(xiǎn)業(yè),,這項(xiàng)提議需要得到國(guó)家保險(xiǎn)專(zhuān)員和外國(guó)政府的批準(zhǔn),而這項(xiàng)提議在9個(gè)月內(nèi)獲得通過(guò),,這對(duì)監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)來(lái)說(shuō)是閃電般的速度,。交接于2021年1月進(jìn)行,,此前6000名員工工作的地點(diǎn)變成了埃森哲辦事處。埃森哲公司表示,,自那以后,,17%的人獲得了晉升,近76%的人參加了包括機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)和自動(dòng)化在內(nèi)的數(shù)字技術(shù)培訓(xùn),。

埃森哲公司表示,,情況已經(jīng)明顯改善。例如,,有些索賠的處理速度要快一倍,。美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)也從技術(shù)改造中提高了處理能力。斯威特表示,,美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)曾經(jīng)幾乎是保險(xiǎn)業(yè)唯一一家沒(méi)有核保平臺(tái)和評(píng)估風(fēng)險(xiǎn)及計(jì)算保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率軟件系統(tǒng)的公司?,F(xiàn)在美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)擁有了核保平臺(tái)和評(píng)估風(fēng)險(xiǎn)及計(jì)算保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率的軟件系統(tǒng)。埃森哲公司尚未處理美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)的所有索賠,,但正在處理更多索賠,。

比起完美,要更重視進(jìn)步

從一開(kāi)始,,確保扎菲諾的頂級(jí)團(tuán)隊(duì)與斯威特的團(tuán)隊(duì)完全融合是扎菲諾的重中之重,。這一步驟聽(tīng)起來(lái)可能像是例行公事,但斯威特說(shuō)這是事情進(jìn)行的關(guān)鍵部分,。首席執(zhí)行官為一個(gè)項(xiàng)目選擇的團(tuán)隊(duì)之間的關(guān)系,,與首席執(zhí)行官之間的關(guān)系一樣重要?!澳惚仨氝x擇合適的人,。”斯威特說(shuō),?!氨说糜幸粋€(gè)強(qiáng)大的團(tuán)隊(duì),我也有一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的團(tuán)隊(duì),,這兩個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)需要合二為一,。”事情并不總是這樣發(fā)展的,。

盡管大多數(shù)華爾街分析師對(duì)美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)的未來(lái)持樂(lè)觀態(tài)度,,但投資者仍然持謹(jǐn)慎態(tài)度??紤]到美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)的歷史,,你很難責(zé)怪它們。過(guò)去五年,美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)的股價(jià)一直在波動(dòng),?!斑@通常表明投資者對(duì)公司的真實(shí)前景不確定?!必?cái)務(wù)分析公司EVA Dimensions的前首席執(zhí)行官貝內(nèi)特·斯圖爾特說(shuō),,該公司現(xiàn)在是ISS Governance的一部分?!斑@家公司真的回到正軌了嗎,?還是說(shuō)它會(huì)再次陷入困境?”他說(shuō),,如果投資者預(yù)期美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)的經(jīng)濟(jì)利潤(rùn)——資本回報(bào)減去資本成本——僅僅是持平,,那么股價(jià)將會(huì)更高。

扎菲諾意識(shí)到無(wú)法迅速改變?nèi)藗儗?duì)美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)的看法,?!叭藗冃枰吹礁淖儭,!彼f(shuō),。“只是這需要時(shí)間,?!彼麑?duì)結(jié)果很有耐心?!叭绻覀儾淮蛳禄A(chǔ)——兩年或更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的艱苦工作——那么我們就無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo),。我認(rèn)為我們沒(méi)有走任何捷徑,我們需要很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才能夠步入正軌,?!?/p>

展望未來(lái),斯威特表示:“通過(guò)這次經(jīng)歷,,我們學(xué)到了很多可以幫助他人的東西,。”她指的不僅僅是像美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)這樣遭受重創(chuàng)的公司,。她說(shuō):“大多數(shù)公司都面臨巨大轉(zhuǎn)型,,很容易不知所措?!睘楸苊獬霈F(xiàn)這種情況,,她建議像美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)在共享服務(wù)方面所做的那樣,,一步一步來(lái),,而不是試圖一次性解決所有問(wèn)題。她認(rèn)為,比起完美,,要更重視進(jìn)步,,還要有一個(gè)清晰的路線(xiàn)圖。

斯威特學(xué)到最重要的經(jīng)驗(yàn)是與合作伙伴組建聯(lián)合團(tuán)隊(duì)的重要性,,這對(duì)世界各地的商業(yè)領(lǐng)袖來(lái)說(shuō)都是一種指導(dǎo),。她說(shuō),組建和維持真正的聯(lián)合團(tuán)隊(duì)并不容易,,但“如果你想快速行動(dòng),,那這就是你必須要做的事情?!?/p>

至于美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)的未來(lái),,該公司不太可能重現(xiàn)昔日的輝煌,但它似乎終于擺脫了最低點(diǎn),。瑞士信貸的保險(xiǎn)分析師克利格爾曼說(shuō):“美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)已經(jīng)從保險(xiǎn)行業(yè)的全球領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐患蚁萑肜Ь车拇嗳豕?,現(xiàn)在又成為市場(chǎng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。這是一家具有傳奇色彩的公司,,我很高興看到它們重新步入正軌,。”(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:中慧言-王芳

彼得·扎菲諾急需一些重要的信息,,但他震驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)這些信息無(wú)處可尋,。

那是2017年,他剛剛出任美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)(AIG)的首席運(yùn)營(yíng)官,。同年晚些時(shí)候,,他還成為保險(xiǎn)公司最大業(yè)務(wù)——一般保險(xiǎn)(General Insurance)的首席執(zhí)行官,該業(yè)務(wù)銷(xiāo)售各種財(cái)產(chǎn)保險(xiǎn),、意外傷害保險(xiǎn),、責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)和其他保險(xiǎn)。這項(xiàng)業(yè)務(wù)陷入困境,?!敖o我一份賬戶(hù)清單?!彼貞浾f(shuō),。“我想看看核保人的名字,,誰(shuí)表現(xiàn)出色,,誰(shuí)表現(xiàn)不佳——我想向兩者學(xué)習(xí)?!?/p>

但當(dāng)公司查看其系統(tǒng)時(shí),,卻發(fā)現(xiàn)核保人的名字與具體的保單沒(méi)有關(guān)聯(lián),。這比草率的記錄更糟糕。核保,、評(píng)估客戶(hù)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)狀況并計(jì)算保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率,,是事關(guān)保險(xiǎn)公司成敗的最基本技能。財(cái)務(wù)業(yè)績(jī)表明,,美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)在這方面做得很糟糕,。美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)的現(xiàn)任首席執(zhí)行官扎菲諾說(shuō):“沒(méi)有人知道誰(shuí)在商業(yè)汽車(chē)和貨運(yùn)部門(mén)核保了什么?!?/p>

早期的沖擊預(yù)示著接下來(lái)幾年將面臨更大的挑戰(zhàn),。讓核保業(yè)務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)虧為盈只是未來(lái)數(shù)年轉(zhuǎn)型的一大步驟。如今,,大多數(shù)華爾街分析師認(rèn)為,,美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)正在實(shí)現(xiàn)更廣泛的轉(zhuǎn)變,其中大部分轉(zhuǎn)變是在新冠疫情期間實(shí)現(xiàn)的,。根據(jù)Keefe, Bruyette & Woods的分析師團(tuán)隊(duì)的說(shuō)法,,該公司今年第一季度的表現(xiàn)“證實(shí)了形勢(shì)正在全面好轉(zhuǎn)”,該團(tuán)隊(duì)給予該股“跑贏大盤(pán)”的評(píng)級(jí),。巴克萊銀行(Barclays)的分析師特雷西·本吉吉將美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)“強(qiáng)大的核保能力”以及其他因素列為預(yù)期股價(jià)上漲的理由,。

如果美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)沒(méi)有采取多管齊下的方法,包括解決核保業(yè)務(wù)問(wèn)題,、設(shè)計(jì)和執(zhí)行全球轉(zhuǎn)型計(jì)劃,,其中包括與埃森哲公司(Accenture)建立創(chuàng)新的合作伙伴關(guān)系,就不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)整體好轉(zhuǎn),。這一合作始于2019年12月與埃森哲公司的首席執(zhí)行官朱莉·斯威特的一次偶然會(huì)面,。兩家公司共同致力于扭轉(zhuǎn)局面的幾大要素,包括技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)型,、新的數(shù)字化工作流程以及一項(xiàng)使 6000名美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)員工成為埃森哲員工的計(jì)劃——“這一規(guī)模是我們同時(shí)聘用人數(shù)最多的一次,。”斯威特說(shuō),。在此過(guò)程中,,她回憶道:“我很開(kāi)心地告訴彼得:‘我們的首席技術(shù)官親自參與其中,他對(duì)我說(shuō),,你們擁有的技術(shù)不僅是行業(yè)中最差的,,而且可能是他所見(jiàn)過(guò)的最差的前三名?!?/p>

從危機(jī)中復(fù)蘇

對(duì)于那些不從事保險(xiǎn)業(yè)的人來(lái)說(shuō),,美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)在2008年金融危機(jī)之后寂寂無(wú)名。該公司成立于1919年,,已經(jīng)發(fā)展成為全球保險(xiǎn)業(yè)巨頭和美國(guó)最大的保險(xiǎn)公司,,在2006年的《財(cái)富》美國(guó)500強(qiáng)榜單上排名第9位,。21世紀(jì)初,隨著美國(guó)房地產(chǎn)泡沫的膨脹,,該公司大肆出售信用違約掉期,這是一種防范信用合同違約的保險(xiǎn)形式,。在2008年9月泡沫破裂,、危機(jī)達(dá)到頂峰時(shí),美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)無(wú)法償還突然欠下的各大主要金融機(jī)構(gòu)的錢(qián),?!罢J(rèn)為美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)規(guī)模太大,不能倒閉,,并承諾提供超過(guò)1800億美元的救助資金,。”美國(guó)金融危機(jī)調(diào)查委員會(huì)(Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission)后來(lái)的一份報(bào)告稱(chēng),。此次救助仍然是美國(guó)歷史上規(guī)模最大的企業(yè)救助計(jì)劃,。到2008年年底,美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)的市值縮水了98%,。

由于名譽(yù)受損,,該公司發(fā)展陷入困境,走上艱難的復(fù)蘇之路,。大約2萬(wàn)名員工在此之后立即離職或被解雇,,該公司也難以物色到合適的高管人選,因?yàn)楦?jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手中表現(xiàn)出色的高管都由于美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)品牌受損而望而卻步,。留下來(lái)的員工都感到沮喪和悲觀,,而多位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人似乎也無(wú)力重振公司。當(dāng)董事會(huì)于2021年3月將扎菲諾從首席運(yùn)營(yíng)官提升為首席執(zhí)行官時(shí),,他是美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)16年來(lái)的第八位首席執(zhí)行官,。

甚至在擔(dān)任首席運(yùn)營(yíng)官之前,當(dāng)扎菲諾負(fù)責(zé)Marsh & McLennan公司的保險(xiǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理業(yè)務(wù)時(shí),,他就已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)的問(wèn)題所在:幾乎所有方面都存在問(wèn)題,。進(jìn)入美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)后,招募新的管理團(tuán)隊(duì)就成了當(dāng)務(wù)之急,。55歲的扎菲諾是一個(gè)“確保團(tuán)隊(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的人”,,瑞士信貸集團(tuán)(Credit Suisse)的資深保險(xiǎn)分析師安德魯·克利格爾曼說(shuō)?!八膭?lì)員工完成任務(wù),,并確保他們是完成這些任務(wù)的合適人選?!弊屚獠咳耸考尤朊绹?guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)仍然很難,,但扎菲諾從小就開(kāi)始拓展自己的人脈,。扎菲諾回憶稱(chēng),他的父親是一位著名的保險(xiǎn)公司高管,,周末會(huì)舉辦晚宴,。“我認(rèn)識(shí)了父親的同齡人,。當(dāng)我年紀(jì)輕輕就成為(Marsh & McLennan子公司)的首席執(zhí)行官時(shí),,這對(duì)我?guī)椭艽蟆,!比缃?,美?guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)的12名高管中有9名是由扎菲諾任命的。

修復(fù)美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)最糟糕的數(shù)據(jù)系統(tǒng)也是當(dāng)務(wù)之急,。該公司擁有數(shù)百萬(wàn)客戶(hù),,但保險(xiǎn)索賠都是紙面上的,錄入人工數(shù)據(jù)系統(tǒng)的過(guò)程緩慢而費(fèi)力,。因此,,對(duì)企業(yè)進(jìn)行數(shù)字化改造將是一項(xiàng)艱巨的任務(wù)。

2019年年中,,美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)的總法律顧問(wèn)露西·法托打電話(huà)給斯威特,。他們?cè)缭趲啄昵熬驼J(rèn)識(shí)了,當(dāng)時(shí)兩人都是紐約市頂級(jí)律師事務(wù)所的合伙人,。斯威特經(jīng)營(yíng)的埃森哲公司是一家為全球企業(yè)提供信息技術(shù)服務(wù)的咨詢(xún)巨頭,。法托向斯威特簡(jiǎn)要介紹了扎菲諾針對(duì)美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)的振興計(jì)劃,并建議二者見(jiàn)面會(huì)談,。

“他看著我說(shuō):‘我不喜歡顧問(wèn),。’”斯威特回憶起他們?cè)谖绮蜁r(shí)的第一次會(huì)面,?!八苤苯印,!彼雇貙?duì)此不介意,。她說(shuō),她不認(rèn)為自己是顧問(wèn),,因?yàn)椤八麄儾怀兄Z結(jié)果,。他們之間也不是合作伙伴關(guān)系?!苯?jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的討論,,她和扎菲諾同意進(jìn)行合作。

為了啟動(dòng)針對(duì)美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)的信息技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)型,,扎菲諾計(jì)劃建立一個(gè)共享服務(wù)中心,,該中心將為美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)的各種業(yè)務(wù)職能處理多項(xiàng)任務(wù),,包括人力資源運(yùn)營(yíng)、索賠解決,、精算運(yùn)營(yíng)和財(cái)務(wù),。該公司在馬來(lái)西亞和其他地方的數(shù)據(jù)中心約有6000名員工,可以轉(zhuǎn)調(diào)他們完成相關(guān)任務(wù),。

但斯威特對(duì)此表示懷疑,,她敦促扎菲諾考慮另一條道路,因?yàn)槊绹?guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)亟需改變,,而且缺乏內(nèi)部專(zhuān)家,。另一方面,,埃森哲公司在運(yùn)營(yíng)共享服務(wù)業(yè)務(wù)和建立領(lǐng)先的數(shù)據(jù)中心方面有著數(shù)十年的經(jīng)驗(yàn),。就完成這些任務(wù)而言,埃森哲公司不需要進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí),。扎菲諾同意了斯威特的提議,。

于是就開(kāi)始了將6000名美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)員工轉(zhuǎn)為埃森哲公司員工的計(jì)劃。在受到高度監(jiān)管的保險(xiǎn)業(yè),,這項(xiàng)提議需要得到國(guó)家保險(xiǎn)專(zhuān)員和外國(guó)政府的批準(zhǔn),,而這項(xiàng)提議在9個(gè)月內(nèi)獲得通過(guò),這對(duì)監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)來(lái)說(shuō)是閃電般的速度,。交接于2021年1月進(jìn)行,,此前6000名員工工作的地點(diǎn)變成了埃森哲辦事處。埃森哲公司表示,,自那以后,,17%的人獲得了晉升,近76%的人參加了包括機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)和自動(dòng)化在內(nèi)的數(shù)字技術(shù)培訓(xùn),。

埃森哲公司表示,,情況已經(jīng)明顯改善。例如,,有些索賠的處理速度要快一倍,。美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)也從技術(shù)改造中提高了處理能力。斯威特表示,,美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)曾經(jīng)幾乎是保險(xiǎn)業(yè)唯一一家沒(méi)有核保平臺(tái)和評(píng)估風(fēng)險(xiǎn)及計(jì)算保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率軟件系統(tǒng)的公司?,F(xiàn)在美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)擁有了核保平臺(tái)和評(píng)估風(fēng)險(xiǎn)及計(jì)算保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率的軟件系統(tǒng)。埃森哲公司尚未處理美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)的所有索賠,,但正在處理更多索賠,。

比起完美,要更重視進(jìn)步

從一開(kāi)始,,確保扎菲諾的頂級(jí)團(tuán)隊(duì)與斯威特的團(tuán)隊(duì)完全融合是扎菲諾的重中之重,。這一步驟聽(tīng)起來(lái)可能像是例行公事,,但斯威特說(shuō)這是事情進(jìn)行的關(guān)鍵部分。首席執(zhí)行官為一個(gè)項(xiàng)目選擇的團(tuán)隊(duì)之間的關(guān)系,,與首席執(zhí)行官之間的關(guān)系一樣重要,。“你必須選擇合適的人,?!彼雇卣f(shuō)?!氨说糜幸粋€(gè)強(qiáng)大的團(tuán)隊(duì),,我也有一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的團(tuán)隊(duì),這兩個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)需要合二為一,?!笔虑椴⒉豢偸沁@樣發(fā)展的。

盡管大多數(shù)華爾街分析師對(duì)美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)的未來(lái)持樂(lè)觀態(tài)度,,但投資者仍然持謹(jǐn)慎態(tài)度,。考慮到美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)的歷史,,你很難責(zé)怪它們,。過(guò)去五年,美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)的股價(jià)一直在波動(dòng),?!斑@通常表明投資者對(duì)公司的真實(shí)前景不確定?!必?cái)務(wù)分析公司EVA Dimensions的前首席執(zhí)行官貝內(nèi)特·斯圖爾特說(shuō),,該公司現(xiàn)在是ISS Governance的一部分?!斑@家公司真的回到正軌了嗎,?還是說(shuō)它會(huì)再次陷入困境?”他說(shuō),,如果投資者預(yù)期美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)的經(jīng)濟(jì)利潤(rùn)——資本回報(bào)減去資本成本——僅僅是持平,,那么股價(jià)將會(huì)更高。

扎菲諾意識(shí)到無(wú)法迅速改變?nèi)藗儗?duì)美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)的看法,?!叭藗冃枰吹礁淖儭,!彼f(shuō),。“只是這需要時(shí)間?!彼麑?duì)結(jié)果很有耐心,。“如果我們不打下基礎(chǔ)——兩年或更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的艱苦工作——那么我們就無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo),。我認(rèn)為我們沒(méi)有走任何捷徑,,我們需要很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才能夠步入正軌?!?/p>

展望未來(lái),,斯威特表示:“通過(guò)這次經(jīng)歷,我們學(xué)到了很多可以幫助他人的東西,?!彼傅牟粌H僅是像美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)這樣遭受重創(chuàng)的公司。她說(shuō):“大多數(shù)公司都面臨巨大轉(zhuǎn)型,,很容易不知所措,。”為避免出現(xiàn)這種情況,,她建議像美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)在共享服務(wù)方面所做的那樣,,一步一步來(lái),,而不是試圖一次性解決所有問(wèn)題,。她認(rèn)為,比起完美,,要更重視進(jìn)步,,還要有一個(gè)清晰的路線(xiàn)圖。

斯威特學(xué)到最重要的經(jīng)驗(yàn)是與合作伙伴組建聯(lián)合團(tuán)隊(duì)的重要性,,這對(duì)世界各地的商業(yè)領(lǐng)袖來(lái)說(shuō)都是一種指導(dǎo),。她說(shuō),組建和維持真正的聯(lián)合團(tuán)隊(duì)并不容易,,但“如果你想快速行動(dòng),,那這就是你必須要做的事情?!?/p>

至于美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)的未來(lái),,該公司不太可能重現(xiàn)昔日的輝煌,但它似乎終于擺脫了最低點(diǎn),。瑞士信貸的保險(xiǎn)分析師克利格爾曼說(shuō):“美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)已經(jīng)從保險(xiǎn)行業(yè)的全球領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐患蚁萑肜Ь车拇嗳豕?,現(xiàn)在又成為市場(chǎng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。這是一家具有傳奇色彩的公司,,我很高興看到它們重新步入正軌,。”(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:中慧言-王芳

Peter Zaffino needed some crucial information, fast. He was stunned to find that it didn’t exist.

The year was 2017, and he had just arrived as the new chief operating officer at AIG. Later that year he also became CEO of the insurance company’s biggest business, General Insurance, which sells a wide range of property, casualty, liability, and other insurance. This business was floundering. “Get me an account list,” he recalls saying. “I want to see underwriters' names, who performs well, who doesn’t—I want to learn from both.”

But when the company looked through its systems, it discovered that underwriters’ names weren’t linked to specific policies. That was worse than just sloppy record-keeping. Underwriting, evaluating a customer’s risk profile and calculating how much to charge for coverage, is the skill most fundamental to an insurer’s success or failure. Financial results showed that AIG was terrible at it. “No one knew who underwrote what in the commercial auto and trucking division,” says Zaffino, now AIG’s CEO.

That early shock was a sign of bigger challenges to come in the following years. Turning around underwriting was just one step in what would become a multi-year transformation. Today, most Wall Street analysts believe AIG is executing a remarkable broader turnaround, much of it achieved during the pandemic. The company’s performance in this year’s first quarter “confirms a turnaround fully underway,” according to the Keefe, Bruyette & Woods analyst team, which gave the stock an “outperform” rating. At Barclays, analyst Tracy Benguigui cited AIG’s “strong underwriting acumen,” among other factors, as reason to expect a rising stock price.

The overall turnaround wouldn't have happened if AIG hadn't taken a multipronged approach that included fixing underwriting and designing and executing a global transformation program, which included forging an innovative partnership with Accenture. That partnership began after a serendipitous meeting with Accenture CEO Julie Sweet in December 2019. Together, the two companies worked on several elements of the turnaround, including technology transformation, new digital workflows, and an initiative that resulted in 6,000 AIG employees becoming Accenture employees en masse—“the most people we’ve ever taken on at one time,” Sweet says. Along the way, she recalls, “I had the fun of telling Peter, ‘Our chief technology officer is personally involved, and he has said to me that you have not just the worst tech in the industry, but it may be in the top three he has ever seen.’”

Recovering from the crisis

For those not in the insurance industry, AIG slid into obscurity after the 2008 financial crisis. Founded in 1919, it had grown into a global colossus and America’s biggest insurer, ranking No. 9 on the 2006 Fortune 500 list. As the U.S. housing bubble swelled in the early 2000s, the firm became a huge seller of credit default swaps, a form of insurance against defaults in credit contracts. When the bubble burst and the crisis peaked in September 2008, AIG couldn’t come up with the money it suddenly owed to major financial institutions. “The government concluded AIG was too big to fail and committed more than $180 billion to its rescue,” a report by the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission later said. That rescue remains the largest corporate bailout in U.S. history. By the end of 2008, AIG had lost 98% of its value.

The company struggled to recover, hobbled by its newly tarnished reputation. Some 20,000 employees departed or were laid off in the immediate aftermath, and the company struggled to replace high-level executives because top performers at competitor firms were put off by the weakened AIG brand. Employees who remained were disheartened and pessimistic, and multiple leaders seemed unable to revive the company. When the board promoted Zaffino from COO to CEO in March 2021, he was AIG’s eighth chief executive in 16 years.

Even before his arrival as COO, when Zaffino ran Marsh & McLennan’s insurance brokerage and risk management business, he had identified what was wrong at AIG: nearly everything. Once at AIG, recruiting a new executive team became urgent. Zaffino, 55, is “a guy who makes sure his teams deliver,” says Andrew Kligerman, a longtime insurance analyst at Credit Suisse. “He pushes people to task and makes sure they’re the right people to get those tasks accomplished.” Getting outsiders to join AIG was still a tough sell, but Zaffino had been building his contacts list since childhood. His father was a prominent insurance executive and would host dinner parties on weekends, Zaffino recalls. “I got to know his contemporaries. That helped me a lot when I became a CEO [of a Marsh & McLennan subsidiary] at a young age.” Today, nine of AIG’s 12 senior executives were appointed by Zaffino.

Fixing AIG’s worst-in-class data system was also a pressing matter. The company had millions of customers, but insurance claims were on paper and had to be entered slowly and laboriously into a manual data system. Digitally transforming the organization would be a massive undertaking.

In mid-2019, AIG’s general counsel, Lucy Fato, called Sweet. They had met years earlier, when both were partners at top-tier New York City law firms. The company Sweet runs, Accenture, is a consulting giant that provides infotech services to companies worldwide. Fato briefed Sweet on Zaffino’s turnaround plans at AIG and recommended that the two connect.

“He looked at me and said, ‘I don’t like consultants,’” Sweet recalls of their first meeting over lunch. “He’s very direct.” That was fine with her. She says she doesn’t consider herself a consultant because “they don’t commit to outcomes. They’re not a partner.” After a long discussion, she and Zaffino agreed to work together.

To kick off AIG’s infotech transformation, Zaffino planned to build a shared-services center—an entity that would handle multiple tasks for AIG’s various business functions, including HR operations, claims resolution, actuarial operations, and finance. The company had some 6,000 employees at data centers in Malaysia and elsewhere who could transition to the relevant tasks.

But Sweet had her doubts, urging Zaffino to consider a different path in light of AIG’s need for speed and lack of in-house experts. Accenture, on the other hand, had decades of experience building and running shared-services operations and leading-edge data centers. It didn’t need to learn how this was done. Zaffino agreed.

Thus began the plan to convert those 6,000 AIG employees to Accenture employees. In the highly regulated insurance industry, the proposal required approval from state insurance commissioners and foreign governments, which came through in nine months—lightning speed for regulators. The handover took place in January 2021, and the AIG locations where the 6,000 employees previously worked became Accenture offices. Since then, Accenture says, 17% have been promoted and nearly 76% have participated in training on digital technologies, including machine learning and automation.

Accenture says dramatic improvements are already apparent. Some claims are processed twice as fast, for example. AIG has also gained capabilities from the technology transformation. At one time, Sweet says, it was virtually the only company in the insurance industry without an underwriting platform, a software system for evaluating risks and calculating premiums; now it has one. Accenture isn’t yet processing all of AIG’s claims but is taking on more of them.

Progress over perfection

Ensuring that Zaffino’s top team was fully integrated with Sweet’s was one of his most important priorities from the start. That step may sound routine, but Sweet says it's a key part of the story. The relationship between teams that CEOs tap for a project is just as critical as the relationship between the CEOs themselves. “You have to dedicate the right people,” Sweet says. “Peter has a great team, and I have a great team, and they became one team.” It doesn’t always work out that way.

While most Wall Street analysts are optimistic about AIG’s future, investors remain leery. It’s hard to blame them, given AIG’s past. The stock price has been volatile over the past five years. “That's usually a sign that investors are uncertain about the company's real prospects,” says Bennett Stewart, former CEO of the EVA Dimensions financial analysis firm, which is now part of ISS Governance. “Is the company back on track for real, or is it just setting itself up for another fall?” He says that if investors expected AIG’s economic profit—return on capital minus cost of capital—to merely remain flat, the stock would be higher.

Zaffino realizes AIG can’t change perceptions fast. “People need to see it,” he says. "It just takes time.” He’s willing to be patient with results. “If we don’t lay the foundational work—two hard years or more of just grinding it out—then we’re not going to get there. I don’t think we took any shortcuts at all, and it took a lot of time to get it right.”

Looking ahead, Sweet says that “through this experience we’ve learned a lot to help others.” She’s not just talking about companies as beaten-down as AIG was. “Most companies are facing massive transformation, and it’s easy to get overwhelmed,” she says. To avoid that, she counsels taking one step at a time, as AIG did with shared services, rather than trying to address all issues at once. Value progress over perfection, she says, and have a clear road map.

Sweet’s bottom-line lesson, which is guidance for business leaders everywhere, is the importance of joint teams with partners. Forming and maintaining genuine joint teams isn’t easy, she says, but “if you want to move with speed, that’s what you have to do.”

As for AIG’s future, it’s unlikely the company will return to its glory days, but it finally seems to have overcome its lowest point. “AIG has morphed from the global leader in insurance, to a vulnerable company that was brought to its knees, and now to a market leader,” says Credit Suisse insurance analyst Kligerman. “It's a legendary company, and it's just great to see that they're back on a bright path.”

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