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一次事故令上百工人患病,打官司近十年后依舊無果

美聯(lián)社
2022-06-06

美國最嚴(yán)重的煤灰外泄事故發(fā)生后,,已經(jīng)有數(shù)十名認(rèn)為因受雇于承包商而染病的工人去世。

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田納西州納什維爾—— 美國最嚴(yán)重的煤灰外泄事故發(fā)生后,曾雇傭大批工人進(jìn)行清理,。2013年,,第一批200多名工人起訴承包商,他們認(rèn)為自己患病是煤灰中的重金屬和放射性顆粒物引起的,,要求嘉科工程(Jacobs Engineering)負(fù)責(zé),。近十年后,沒有一起案件在法院系統(tǒng)中得到解決,。

隨著案件拖延的時(shí)間越來越長,,已經(jīng)有數(shù)十名認(rèn)為因受雇于承包商而染病的工人去世。

其中包括安索爾·克拉克,。他在2008年12月22日外泄事故發(fā)生幾小時(shí)后抵達(dá)田納西河谷管理局的金斯頓化石燃料發(fā)電廠,,開始投入工作。他每天在煤灰泥漿中長時(shí)間工作,,連續(xù)幾個(gè)月幾乎沒有休息,,直到2013年因?yàn)椴∏閲?yán)重?zé)o法工作。他在去年死于一種罕見的血癌,,他認(rèn)為自己患病的原因是接觸了煤灰,。

他的妻子珍妮·克拉克表示:“安索爾未能活著看到正義降臨。根本沒有希望,?!眱扇艘呀?jīng)結(jié)婚近50年。

多年來,,嘉科工程一直試圖讓法院駁回訴訟,。針對嘉科工程最近對工人的訴訟提出的質(zhì)疑,田納西最高法院計(jì)劃在周三舉行口頭辯論,。該公司以大多數(shù)原告未遵守《田納西二氧化硅訴訟優(yōu)先法案》(Tennessee Silica Claims Priorities Act)規(guī)定的程序?yàn)橛?,希望法官駁回原告的訴求。

該項(xiàng)法案規(guī)定,,任何人因暴露于二氧化硅或粉塵混合物提起訴訟,,必須提交醫(yī)生報(bào)告,證明這種暴露是患者疾病的“主要誘因”,。如果原告代表愛人提起非正常死亡訴訟,,也必須證明死者曾至少五年暴露于粉塵?;忌戏伟┑墓と艘惨_(dá)到五年暴露期限的條件,,而且必須證明其肺癌是在首次暴露于粉塵至少10年后確診,。

在法庭文件中,嘉科工程表示,,絕大多數(shù)原告既沒有提交醫(yī)生報(bào)告,,或者提交的報(bào)告不充分,也沒有達(dá)到時(shí)間限制,。例如,,嘉科工程認(rèn)為,2015年,,一名工人死于肺癌,,距離煤灰外泄事故發(fā)生不到7年,因此沒有資格提起訴訟,。

工人的代理律師則認(rèn)為,,二氧化硅法律并不適用于這類案件。該法案特別提到了二氧化硅,,而這只是煤灰中的一種成分,。他們認(rèn)為給工人造成損傷的成分包括砷、鉛,、鎘,、汞和鐳,但不包括二氧化硅,。這項(xiàng)法案還提到了與特定損傷有關(guān)的訴訟,,即矽肺病和肺纖維化,但這些損傷均與本案無關(guān),。

此外,,工人的律師還表示,被告提出這種質(zhì)疑的時(shí)間太晚,。庭審分兩部分進(jìn)行,,2018年已經(jīng)通過了第一部分庭審。當(dāng)時(shí)田納西州諾克斯維爾的陪審團(tuán)裁定嘉科工程違反了對工人的照看義務(wù),。陪審員表示,,嘉科工程的行為有可能讓工人患病。至于這些行為是否確實(shí)導(dǎo)致工人患病,,以及是否應(yīng)該提供經(jīng)濟(jì)賠償,,需在后續(xù)一次或多次庭審中裁定。

嘉科工程的律師表示,,公司盡最大努力管理清理過程,,并且監(jiān)管部門認(rèn)為其管理方式是安全的。沒有任何證據(jù)證明嘉科工程甚至煤灰是任何疾病的罪魁禍?zhǔn)?,而且美國環(huán)境保護(hù)署(EPA)也將煤灰列為無害物質(zhì),。

2018年的庭審之后,,負(fù)責(zé)該案的聯(lián)邦法官命令雙方調(diào)解,暗示工人迫切需要醫(yī)療護(hù)理,。但調(diào)解并不成功,,而新的庭審日期也未確定,因?yàn)榧慰乒こ汤^續(xù)提出法律質(zhì)疑,。該公司兩次向美國第六巡回上訴法院申請,裁定該公司應(yīng)免于被起訴,,因?yàn)槠浯淼氖锹?lián)邦機(jī)構(gòu)田納西河谷管理局,。法院兩次都駁回了嘉科工程的申請,最近一次是在這個(gè)月,。

道格·布萊索并沒有親眼看到這次小小的勝利,。2008年,一道六層樓高的土壩垮塌,,釋放了超過10億加侖的煤灰泥漿,,幾天后,布萊索被安排到金斯頓工作,。此次泄露威力巨大,,將周圍的房屋夷為平地。庭審中的證詞顯示,,在長達(dá)數(shù)年的清理過程中,,泥漿逐漸干燥變成了細(xì)粉塵,需要不斷噴水,,但在大風(fēng)天依舊會(huì)遮天蔽日,。

布萊索在現(xiàn)場駕駛水車,直到2014年,。2018年,,他被診斷出肺癌和腦癌,兩年后去世,,留下了與他結(jié)婚38年的妻子約翰尼·布萊索,。她說道,他們在14歲開始約會(huì),,道格·布萊索是她“人生的全部”,。

她說道:“我們每件事都一起完成。我們一起養(yǎng)牛,。我們有一座農(nóng)場,。但這一切都不復(fù)存在?!?/p>

去年,,約翰尼·布萊索和珍妮·克拉克收到了一面美國國旗,,這面國旗曾經(jīng)飛過國會(huì)大廈上空,向煤灰清理工人致敬,??死吮硎荆@是他們承受悲慘遭遇后收到的唯一一次官方認(rèn)可,。

安索爾·克拉克去世之前,,在金斯頓發(fā)電廠附近樹立了一個(gè)木頭十字架,作為對煤灰清理工人的紀(jì)念碑,。珍妮·克拉克表示,,她打算本周末到十字架前獻(xiàn)花,她經(jīng)常這樣做,。

她說道:“只要我還能爬上山,,就會(huì)堅(jiān)持這樣做。我不希望這件事被遺忘,?!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))

翻譯:劉進(jìn)龍

審校:汪皓

田納西州納什維爾—— 美國最嚴(yán)重的煤灰外泄事故發(fā)生后,曾雇傭大批工人進(jìn)行清理,。2013年,,第一批200多名工人起訴承包商,他們認(rèn)為自己患病是煤灰中的重金屬和放射性顆粒物引起的,,要求嘉科工程(Jacobs Engineering)負(fù)責(zé),。近十年后,沒有一起案件在法院系統(tǒng)中得到解決,。

隨著案件拖延的時(shí)間越來越長,,已經(jīng)有數(shù)十名認(rèn)為因受雇于承包商而染病的工人去世。

其中包括安索爾·克拉克,。他在2008年12月22日外泄事故發(fā)生幾小時(shí)后抵達(dá)田納西河谷管理局的金斯頓化石燃料發(fā)電廠,,開始投入工作。他每天在煤灰泥漿中長時(shí)間工作,,連續(xù)幾個(gè)月幾乎沒有休息,,直到2013年因?yàn)椴∏閲?yán)重?zé)o法工作。他在去年死于一種罕見的血癌,,他認(rèn)為自己患病的原因是接觸了煤灰,。

他的妻子珍妮·克拉克表示:“安索爾未能活著看到正義降臨。根本沒有希望,?!眱扇艘呀?jīng)結(jié)婚近50年。

多年來,,嘉科工程一直試圖讓法院駁回訴訟,。針對嘉科工程最近對工人的訴訟提出的質(zhì)疑,,田納西最高法院計(jì)劃在周三舉行口頭辯論。該公司以大多數(shù)原告未遵守《田納西二氧化硅訴訟優(yōu)先法案》(Tennessee Silica Claims Priorities Act)規(guī)定的程序?yàn)橛?,希望法官駁回原告的訴求,。

該項(xiàng)法案規(guī)定,任何人因暴露于二氧化硅或粉塵混合物提起訴訟,,必須提交醫(yī)生報(bào)告,,證明這種暴露是患者疾病的“主要誘因”。如果原告代表愛人提起非正常死亡訴訟,,也必須證明死者曾至少五年暴露于粉塵,。患上肺癌的工人也要達(dá)到五年暴露期限的條件,,而且必須證明其肺癌是在首次暴露于粉塵至少10年后確診。

在法庭文件中,,嘉科工程表示,,絕大多數(shù)原告既沒有提交醫(yī)生報(bào)告,或者提交的報(bào)告不充分,,也沒有達(dá)到時(shí)間限制,。例如,嘉科工程認(rèn)為,,2015年,,一名工人死于肺癌,距離煤灰外泄事故發(fā)生不到7年,,因此沒有資格提起訴訟,。

工人的代理律師則認(rèn)為,二氧化硅法律并不適用于這類案件,。該法案特別提到了二氧化硅,,而這只是煤灰中的一種成分。他們認(rèn)為給工人造成損傷的成分包括砷,、鉛,、鎘、汞和鐳,,但不包括二氧化硅,。這項(xiàng)法案還提到了與特定損傷有關(guān)的訴訟,即矽肺病和肺纖維化,,但這些損傷均與本案無關(guān),。

此外,工人的律師還表示,,被告提出這種質(zhì)疑的時(shí)間太晚,。庭審分兩部分進(jìn)行,,2018年已經(jīng)通過了第一部分庭審。當(dāng)時(shí)田納西州諾克斯維爾的陪審團(tuán)裁定嘉科工程違反了對工人的照看義務(wù),。陪審員表示,,嘉科工程的行為有可能讓工人患病。至于這些行為是否確實(shí)導(dǎo)致工人患病,,以及是否應(yīng)該提供經(jīng)濟(jì)賠償,,需在后續(xù)一次或多次庭審中裁定。

嘉科工程的律師表示,,公司盡最大努力管理清理過程,,并且監(jiān)管部門認(rèn)為其管理方式是安全的。沒有任何證據(jù)證明嘉科工程甚至煤灰是任何疾病的罪魁禍?zhǔn)?,而且美國環(huán)境保護(hù)署(EPA)也將煤灰列為無害物質(zhì),。

2018年的庭審之后,負(fù)責(zé)該案的聯(lián)邦法官命令雙方調(diào)解,,暗示工人迫切需要醫(yī)療護(hù)理,。但調(diào)解并不成功,而新的庭審日期也未確定,,因?yàn)榧慰乒こ汤^續(xù)提出法律質(zhì)疑,。該公司兩次向美國第六巡回上訴法院申請,裁定該公司應(yīng)免于被起訴,,因?yàn)槠浯淼氖锹?lián)邦機(jī)構(gòu)田納西河谷管理局,。法院兩次都駁回了嘉科工程的申請,最近一次是在這個(gè)月,。

道格·布萊索并沒有親眼看到這次小小的勝利,。2008年,一道六層樓高的土壩垮塌,,釋放了超過10億加侖的煤灰泥漿,,幾天后,布萊索被安排到金斯頓工作,。此次泄露威力巨大,,將周圍的房屋夷為平地。庭審中的證詞顯示,,在長達(dá)數(shù)年的清理過程中,,泥漿逐漸干燥變成了細(xì)粉塵,需要不斷噴水,,但在大風(fēng)天依舊會(huì)遮天蔽日,。

布萊索在現(xiàn)場駕駛水車,直到2014年。2018年,,他被診斷出肺癌和腦癌,,兩年后去世,留下了與他結(jié)婚38年的妻子約翰尼·布萊索,。她說道,,他們在14歲開始約會(huì),道格·布萊索是她“人生的全部”,。

她說道:“我們每件事都一起完成,。我們一起養(yǎng)牛。我們有一座農(nóng)場,。但這一切都不復(fù)存在,。”

去年,,約翰尼·布萊索和珍妮·克拉克收到了一面美國國旗,,這面國旗曾經(jīng)飛過國會(huì)大廈上空,向煤灰清理工人致敬,??死吮硎荆@是他們承受悲慘遭遇后收到的唯一一次官方認(rèn)可,。

安索爾·克拉克去世之前,在金斯頓發(fā)電廠附近樹立了一個(gè)木頭十字架,,作為對煤灰清理工人的紀(jì)念碑,。珍妮·克拉克表示,她打算本周末到十字架前獻(xiàn)花,,她經(jīng)常這樣做,。

她說道:“只要我還能爬上山,就會(huì)堅(jiān)持這樣做,。我不希望這件事被遺忘,。”(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

翻譯:劉進(jìn)龍

審校:汪皓

NASHVILLE, Tenn.—In 2013, the first of more than 200 workers who labored to clean up the nation's worst coal ash spill filed a suit against the contractor, blaming Jacobs Engineering for illnesses they believe were caused by exposure to heavy metals and radioactive particles in the ash. Nearly a decade later, not a single case has made it through the court system.

As the cases drag on, dozens who believed their work for the contractor made them sick have died.

They include people like Ansol Clark, who arrived at the Tennessee Valley Authority's Kingston Fossil Plant just hours after the Dec. 22, 2008, spill, and got to work. He labored long hours in the coal ash sludge with few or no days off for months at a time until he became too sick to work in 2013. He died last year from a rare blood cancer that he believed was caused by exposure to the ash.

“Ansol never lived to see any justice,” his wife of almost 50 years, Janie Clark, said. “He never did—on earth.”

Over the years, Jacobs has made repeated attempts to have the suits thrown out. The Tennessee Supreme Court is scheduled to hear oral arguments on Wednesday in Jacob's latest challenge to the workers' lawsuits. The company wants a judge to dismiss most of the plaintiffs for failing to follow a procedure outlined in the Tennessee Silica Claims Priorities Act.

The law requires anyone pursuing claims for exposure to silica or mixed dust to file a doctor's report concluding that the exposure is a “substantial contributing factor” to the patient's illness. For plaintiffs bringing wrongful death claims on behalf of a loved one, they must also show the worker was exposed to the dust for at least five years. Workers with lung cancer are subject to the five-year provision too and additionally must show that their cancer was diagnosed at least 10 years after their first exposure to the dust.

In court filings, Jacobs said the vast majority of plaintiffs either didn't file the doctor reports, filed inadequate reports, or didn't meet the time restrictions. For example, one worker died from lung cancer in 2015, less than seven years after the spill, so should not be allowed to sue, according to Jacobs.

Attorneys for the workers argue the silica law was never meant to apply to cases like theirs. The act specifically refers to silica, which is just one component of coal ash. The components they believe caused the worker injuries include arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury and radium, but not silica. The law also refers to claims for very specific injuries — silicosis and pulmonary fibrosis — that are not at issue in this case.

In addition, the workers' attorneys say it is simply too late to bring this challenge. The case already went through the first part of a two-part trial in 2018, when a Knoxville, Tennessee, jury found that Jacobs breached its duty of care to the workers. The jurors said Jacobs’ actions were capable of making the workers sick. Whether those actions actually did make them sick, and thus eligible for monetary damages, was left for a subsequent trial or trials.

Jacobs’ attorneys have said the company did its best to manage the cleanup in a way regulators said was safe. It has not been proven that Jacobs — or even coal ash — is to blame for any illnesses, and the EPA classifies coal ash as nonhazardous.

After the 2018 trial, the federal judge in the case ordered mediation, alluding to workers’ urgent need for medical care. Mediation was unsuccessful, but a new trial date has not been set as Jacobs continues to pursue legal challenges. Twice, the company has asked the 6th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals to find that it is immune from being sued because it was acting on behalf of the Tennessee Valley Authority, a federal agency. The court has ruled against Jacobs both times, most recently this month.

Doug Bledsoe didn't live to see that small victory. Bledsoe was called to work at Kingston just days after the 2008 collapse of a six-story earthen dam released more than a billion gallons of coal ash sludge. The spill was so massive it knocked nearby homes off their foundations. As the sludge slowly dried over the yearslong course of the cleanup, it turned into a fine dust that had to be constantly watered down but still filled the air, especially on windy days, according to trial testimony.

Bledsoe drove a water truck there until 2014. In 2018, he was diagnosed with lung and brain cancer. He died two years later, leaving behind his wife of 38 years, Johnnie Bledsoe. The two began dating when she was 14 and Doug Bledsoe was her “whole world," she said.

“Everything we done, we done together,” Johnnie Bledsoe said. “We raised cattle together. We had a farm together. All that's stopped.”

Last year Johnnie Bledsoe and Janie Clark received an American flag that had flown over the U.S. Capitol to honor the coal ash cleanup workers. Clark said it is the only official acknowledgement they have received of the suffering they've endured.

Before he died Ansol Clark built a wooden cross that he placed near the Kingston plant as a memorial to the workers. Janie Clark said she plans to go there this weekend to change the flowers, as she does regularly.

“I'll be doing that as long as I can get up the hill,” Clark said. "I do not intend to let this be forgotten.”

財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)所刊載內(nèi)容之知識產(chǎn)權(quán)為財(cái)富媒體知識產(chǎn)權(quán)有限公司及/或相關(guān)權(quán)利人專屬所有或持有,。未經(jīng)許可,,禁止進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)載、摘編,、復(fù)制及建立鏡像等任何使用,。
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