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找工作會越來越容易,美國職場現(xiàn)四大趁勢

Lance Lambert
2021-06-13

新冠肺炎疫情導(dǎo)致的數(shù)字業(yè)務(wù)爆炸式增長已經(jīng)抹殺了一些工作崗位,同時又為很多人創(chuàng)造了一些新的機會,。

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一年前,美國經(jīng)濟遭遇了自大蕭條(Great Depression)以來最差的就業(yè)市場,,失業(yè)率飆升至80年以來的新高——14.7%,。說到找工作,在封鎖令下達的最初幾個月中,,員工基本上沒有任何話語權(quán),。然而,沒有想到形勢竟然變化的如此之快,!經(jīng)濟在經(jīng)歷新冠疫情衰退后的恢復(fù)速度亦創(chuàng)下紀(jì)錄:6月4日,,失業(yè)率降至5.8%,。如今,主動權(quán)再次牢牢地掌握在了求職者的手中,。

話語權(quán)的更迭表現(xiàn)為跳槽人數(shù)的增加,,而雇主也紛紛小幅調(diào)高了薪酬。保德信金融集團(Prudential Financial)的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),,有四分之一的員工稱自己計劃在疫情結(jié)束后換工作,。原因何在?在那些計劃跳槽的雇員當(dāng)中,,有80%稱自己對職業(yè)發(fā)展感到擔(dān)憂,。

然而,這并非是疫情前的經(jīng)濟,,很多事情都發(fā)生了變化,,有一些甚至是永久性的。例如,,疫情導(dǎo)致的數(shù)字業(yè)務(wù)爆炸式增長已經(jīng)抹殺了一些工作崗位,,同時又為很多人創(chuàng)造了一些新的機會。隨著員工思考探索當(dāng)前火熱的就職市場,,《財富》雜志對相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)進行了研究,,以幫助求職者發(fā)現(xiàn)相關(guān)工作機會。

以下是我們發(fā)現(xiàn)的四大趨勢,。

1. 受到嚴重沖擊的經(jīng)濟,,例如加利福尼亞州和夏威夷州,將提供大量的就業(yè)機會

關(guān)停讓整個美國感到震驚,。然而,,對那些旅游業(yè)重州來說,關(guān)停無異于致命一擊,。時代廣場(Times Square)和拉斯維加斯的商業(yè)街成了鬼城,,而通常熱鬧非凡的邁阿密海灘(Miami Beach)則是門可羅雀。即便恢復(fù)已經(jīng)開始,,這些地方依然較為滯后,。確實,美國失業(yè)率最高的地區(qū)依然集中在旅游業(yè)重州,,例如加利福尼亞州(8.3%),、內(nèi)華達州(8%)、紐約州(8.2%)和夏威夷州(8.5%),。唯一的例外是佛羅里達州,,其疫情限制解除的更快,如今其失業(yè)率為4.8%,。

雖然上述現(xiàn)象有點不合情理,,但那些失業(yè)率最高的州實際上也是大多數(shù)新工作崗位的誕生地,。為什么?因為,,隨著新冠疫苗的成功推出,,這些州都解除了大多數(shù)限令。更重要的是,,美國民眾已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備開始再次旅行(下文會詳細介紹),。在最近的工作報告中,這些旅游業(yè)重州在新增工作數(shù)量方面名列前茅,。

2. 被抑制的需求將刺激旅游業(yè)的恢復(fù)

在新冠疫情最嚴重的時候,,美國失去了2240萬個工作崗位。自那之后,,創(chuàng)歷史紀(jì)錄的恢復(fù)速度又讓大多數(shù)消失的工作崗位起死回生,。美國如今的工作崗位數(shù)量減少了760萬個。在那些還未回歸的工作中,,有280萬個屬于休閑和酒店行業(yè)的崗位,,這兩大行業(yè)到目前為止受到的沖擊最為嚴重。

然而,,這一切都在好轉(zhuǎn),。

當(dāng)《財富》雜志和SurveyMonkey在今年4月對美國民眾進行調(diào)查時,34%的美國成年人稱,,他們對參加大型聚會并不反感,。然而,當(dāng)5月再次被問及這個問題時,,這個數(shù)字增至46%,,較我們2020年7月20%的水平有了大幅躍升。這個現(xiàn)象說明,,疫苗的推出推高了消費者信心,,而且航空旅行和酒店預(yù)訂數(shù)量也出現(xiàn)了激增。如果這一態(tài)勢得以延續(xù),,會議和商業(yè)差旅可能在夏末之前就將迎來升溫。

行業(yè)中收獲最大的莫過于小企業(yè),。在疫情期間,,數(shù)萬家健身房、餐廳和酒店都處于停業(yè)狀態(tài),。如今,,有鑒于消費者已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備再次擁抱公共生活,這一領(lǐng)域也為新企業(yè)留出了創(chuàng)業(yè)機會,。更何況,,他們還將獲得商業(yè)空間的折扣優(yōu)惠政策,。

3. 拜登全力押注綠色能源就業(yè)機會

今年超過70%的新增電力容量將來自于太陽能和風(fēng)能。創(chuàng)新已經(jīng)將綠色能源從夢想轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槊旱恼嬲偁帉κ?。此外,,綠色行業(yè)很快會迎來進一步的發(fā)展:借助拜登總統(tǒng)即將推出的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施方案,可再生能源行業(yè)有望斬獲數(shù)十億美元的資金,。拜登的意圖何在,?白宮希望拜登的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施計劃能夠讓美國在2035年用上零碳電力。

總部位于波士頓的勞工市場分析公司Burning Glass Technologies在近期的報告中寫道:“拜登政府即將在氣候變化以及改善美國能源基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施方面所采取的更加激進的舉措,,可能會加速這個轉(zhuǎn)變過程,。”在同一篇報告中,,他們預(yù)測可再生能源的規(guī)模在未來五年內(nèi)將增長近一倍,。

Burning Glass Technologies預(yù)計核工程師(薪資中值113385美元)、廢水工程師(82016美元),、能源分析師(70012美元)和太陽能安裝人員(33761美元)這類工作將迎來強勁的需求,。

4. 云業(yè)務(wù)很快將聘用更多的員工,其數(shù)量比整個公用設(shè)施行業(yè)還多

即便在疫情前,,云計算便已經(jīng)成為推動科技巨頭招聘人數(shù)的增長引擎,,例如亞馬遜(Amazon)、谷歌(Google)和微軟(Microsoft),。疫情讓這個趨勢變得更加狂熱,。如今,有超過45萬員工在云計算領(lǐng)域工作,。然而,,這個數(shù)字還在繼續(xù)增長。Burning Glass Technologies預(yù)計薪資中值為8萬美元的云領(lǐng)域在未來五年內(nèi)將擴張至180萬個工作崗位,。這個數(shù)字幾乎是美國公用設(shè)施行業(yè)54萬雇員人數(shù)的三倍多,。

微軟的首席執(zhí)行官薩蒂亞·納德拉在其公司宣布了4月出色的營收業(yè)績之后稱:“在疫情爆發(fā)一年之后,數(shù)字業(yè)務(wù)采納曲線并沒有放緩,,而是在加速,,而且剛剛才開始?!睂τ谶@一業(yè)績而言,,微軟的云業(yè)務(wù)部門Microsoft Azure功不可沒。

最終,,我希望為《財富》雜志的讀者提一條薪資建議,。就薪資級別而言,雇主是出了名的守口如瓶。盡管諸如Glassdoor這類網(wǎng)站試圖填補這一空白,,但它們的數(shù)據(jù)通常十分老舊,,也未得到驗證。以下是來自《財富》雜志的數(shù)據(jù)編輯的真誠建議:不妨看看H-1B簽證數(shù)據(jù),。當(dāng)私人公司使用工作簽證聘用員工時,,這些薪資條件便成為了公開記錄。你可以在美國勞工部(U.S. Department of Labor)按公司名和職務(wù)來查找簽證數(shù)據(jù),。這個數(shù)據(jù)集甚至允許人們按年來重新定義搜索內(nèi)容,。(財富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:馮豐

審校:夏林

一年前,美國經(jīng)濟遭遇了自大蕭條(Great Depression)以來最差的就業(yè)市場,,失業(yè)率飆升至80年以來的新高——14.7%,。說到找工作,在封鎖令下達的最初幾個月中,,員工基本上沒有任何話語權(quán),。然而,沒有想到形勢竟然變化的如此之快,!經(jīng)濟在經(jīng)歷新冠疫情衰退后的恢復(fù)速度亦創(chuàng)下紀(jì)錄:6月4日,,失業(yè)率降至5.8%。如今,,主動權(quán)再次牢牢地掌握在了求職者的手中,。

話語權(quán)的更迭表現(xiàn)為跳槽人數(shù)的增加,而雇主也紛紛小幅調(diào)高了薪酬,。保德信金融集團(Prudential Financial)的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),,有四分之一的員工稱自己計劃在疫情結(jié)束后換工作。原因何在,?在那些計劃跳槽的雇員當(dāng)中,,有80%稱自己對職業(yè)發(fā)展感到擔(dān)憂。

然而,,這并非是疫情前的經(jīng)濟,,很多事情都發(fā)生了變化,有一些甚至是永久性的,。例如,,疫情導(dǎo)致的數(shù)字業(yè)務(wù)爆炸式增長已經(jīng)抹殺了一些工作崗位,同時又為很多人創(chuàng)造了一些新的機會,。隨著員工思考探索當(dāng)前火熱的就職市場,,《財富》雜志對相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)進行了研究,以幫助求職者發(fā)現(xiàn)相關(guān)工作機會,。

以下是我們發(fā)現(xiàn)的四大趨勢。

1. 受到嚴重沖擊的經(jīng)濟,例如加利福尼亞州和夏威夷州,,將提供大量的就業(yè)機會

關(guān)停讓整個美國感到震驚,。然而,對那些旅游業(yè)重州來說,,關(guān)停無異于致命一擊,。時代廣場(Times Square)和拉斯維加斯的商業(yè)街成了鬼城,而通常熱鬧非凡的邁阿密海灘(Miami Beach)則是門可羅雀,。即便恢復(fù)已經(jīng)開始,,這些地方依然較為滯后。確實,,美國失業(yè)率最高的地區(qū)依然集中在旅游業(yè)重州,,例如加利福尼亞州(8.3%)、內(nèi)華達州(8%),、紐約州(8.2%)和夏威夷州(8.5%),。唯一的例外是佛羅里達州,其疫情限制解除的更快,,如今其失業(yè)率為4.8%,。

雖然上述現(xiàn)象有點不合情理,但那些失業(yè)率最高的州實際上也是大多數(shù)新工作崗位的誕生地,。為什么,?因為,隨著新冠疫苗的成功推出,,這些州都解除了大多數(shù)限令,。更重要的是,美國民眾已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備開始再次旅行(下文會詳細介紹),。在最近的工作報告中,,這些旅游業(yè)重州在新增工作數(shù)量方面名列前茅。

2. 被抑制的需求將刺激旅游業(yè)的恢復(fù)

在新冠疫情最嚴重的時候,,美國失去了2240萬個工作崗位,。自那之后,創(chuàng)歷史紀(jì)錄的恢復(fù)速度又讓大多數(shù)消失的工作崗位起死回生,。美國如今的工作崗位數(shù)量減少了760萬個,。在那些還未回歸的工作中,有280萬個屬于休閑和酒店行業(yè)的崗位,,這兩大行業(yè)到目前為止受到的沖擊最為嚴重,。

然而,這一切都在好轉(zhuǎn),。

當(dāng)《財富》雜志和SurveyMonkey在今年4月對美國民眾進行調(diào)查時,,34%的美國成年人稱,,他們對參加大型聚會并不反感。然而,,當(dāng)5月再次被問及這個問題時,,這個數(shù)字增至46%,較我們2020年7月20%的水平有了大幅躍升,。這個現(xiàn)象說明,,疫苗的推出推高了消費者信心,而且航空旅行和酒店預(yù)訂數(shù)量也出現(xiàn)了激增,。如果這一態(tài)勢得以延續(xù),,會議和商業(yè)差旅可能在夏末之前就將迎來升溫。

行業(yè)中收獲最大的莫過于小企業(yè),。在疫情期間,,數(shù)萬家健身房、餐廳和酒店都處于停業(yè)狀態(tài),。如今,,有鑒于消費者已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備再次擁抱公共生活,這一領(lǐng)域也為新企業(yè)留出了創(chuàng)業(yè)機會,。更何況,,他們還將獲得商業(yè)空間的折扣優(yōu)惠政策。

3. 拜登全力押注綠色能源就業(yè)機會

今年超過70%的新增電力容量將來自于太陽能和風(fēng)能,。創(chuàng)新已經(jīng)將綠色能源從夢想轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槊旱恼嬲偁帉κ?。此外,綠色行業(yè)很快會迎來進一步的發(fā)展:借助拜登總統(tǒng)即將推出的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施方案,,可再生能源行業(yè)有望斬獲數(shù)十億美元的資金,。拜登的意圖何在?白宮希望拜登的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施計劃能夠讓美國在2035年用上零碳電力,。

總部位于波士頓的勞工市場分析公司Burning Glass Technologies在近期的報告中寫道:“拜登政府即將在氣候變化以及改善美國能源基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施方面所采取的更加激進的舉措,,可能會加速這個轉(zhuǎn)變過程?!痹谕黄獔蟾嬷?,他們預(yù)測可再生能源的規(guī)模在未來五年內(nèi)將增長近一倍。

Burning Glass Technologies預(yù)計核工程師(薪資中值113385美元),、廢水工程師(82016美元),、能源分析師(70012美元)和太陽能安裝人員(33761美元)這類工作將迎來強勁的需求。

4. 云業(yè)務(wù)很快將聘用更多的員工,,其數(shù)量比整個公用設(shè)施行業(yè)還多

即便在疫情前,,云計算便已經(jīng)成為推動科技巨頭招聘人數(shù)的增長引擎,例如亞馬遜(Amazon),、谷歌(Google)和微軟(Microsoft),。疫情讓這個趨勢變得更加狂熱,。如今,有超過45萬員工在云計算領(lǐng)域工作,。然而,,這個數(shù)字還在繼續(xù)增長。Burning Glass Technologies預(yù)計薪資中值為8萬美元的云領(lǐng)域在未來五年內(nèi)將擴張至180萬個工作崗位,。這個數(shù)字幾乎是美國公用設(shè)施行業(yè)54萬雇員人數(shù)的三倍多。

微軟的首席執(zhí)行官薩蒂亞·納德拉在其公司宣布了4月出色的營收業(yè)績之后稱:“在疫情爆發(fā)一年之后,,數(shù)字業(yè)務(wù)采納曲線并沒有放緩,,而是在加速,而且剛剛才開始,?!睂τ谶@一業(yè)績而言,微軟的云業(yè)務(wù)部門Microsoft Azure功不可沒,。

最終,,我希望為《財富》雜志的讀者提一條薪資建議。就薪資級別而言,,雇主是出了名的守口如瓶,。盡管諸如Glassdoor這類網(wǎng)站試圖填補這一空白,但它們的數(shù)據(jù)通常十分老舊,,也未得到驗證,。以下是來自《財富》雜志的數(shù)據(jù)編輯的真誠建議:不妨看看H-1B簽證數(shù)據(jù)。當(dāng)私人公司使用工作簽證聘用員工時,,這些薪資條件便成為了公開記錄,。你可以在美國勞工部(U.S. Department of Labor)按公司名和職務(wù)來查找簽證數(shù)據(jù)。這個數(shù)據(jù)集甚至允許人們按年來重新定義搜索內(nèi)容,。(財富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:馮豐

審校:夏林

A year ago the U.S. economy plunged into its worst job market since the era of the Great Depression, with the unemployment rate soaring to an 80-year high of 14.7%. When it came to job hunting, workers during the early months of lockdowns had essentially zero negotiating power. How quickly things have changed! The COVID-19 recession recovery is the swiftest on record: On June 4, the jobless rate dipped to 5.8%. Now, the power is firmly back in the hands of job seekers again.

Already, that flipped power dynamic has translated into more job hopping and employers racing to dole out raises. Indeed, one in four workers say they plan to switch jobs once the pandemic ends, according to a recent Prudential Financial survey. Why? Among those who plan to switch jobs, 80% say they are concerned about their career growth.

But this isn’t the pre-pandemic economy. A lot has changed—some of it permanently. For starters, the pandemic-spurred digital explosion has killed off some jobs while creating new opportunities for others. As workers consider exploring this hot job market, Fortune looked through the data to identify where applicants can find opportunity.

Here are four big trends we found.

1. Hard-hit economies like California and Hawaii offer a lot of opportunity

The shutdowns rocked the entire nation. But in tourism-based economies it was a knockout punch. Times Square and the Las Vegas strip became ghost towns, while normally bustling Miami Beach was deserted. Even as the recovery kicked off, those places lagged behind. Indeed, the highest jobless rates in the country can still be found in tourism-heavy states like California (8.3%), Nevada (8%), New York (8.2%), and Hawaii (8.5%). The one exception being Florida, which saw its pandemic restrictions lift more quickly and now has a 4.8% jobless rate.

It’s a bit counterintuitive, but these states with the highest levels of joblessness are actually where the most jobs are being created. Why? Well, with the successful rollout of COVID-19 vaccines, those states are dropping most of their restrictions. And, more important, Americans are ready to start traveling again (more on that below). In the most recent job reports, these tourism-heavy states are posting the highest rates of job growth.

2. Pent-up demand will spur a tourism recovery

In the depths of the crisis, the nation was down 22.4 million jobs. Since then, the historically quick recovery has brought back most of those positions. We’re now down 7.6 million jobs. Of those yet to return, 2.8 million are in leisure and hospitality—by far the hardest-hit industry during the pandemic.

But things are looking up.

When Fortune and SurveyMonkey took the pulse of Americans in April, 34% of U.S. adults said they were comfortable attending big gatherings. But when we asked again in May, that figure shot up to 46%. That’s a massive jump from the 20% levels found in our July 2020 poll. That tells us the vaccine rollout is corresponding with a jump in consumer confidence. Already, air travel and hotel bookings are soaring. If this continues, conferences and business travel might even start to ramp up before the end of the summer.

The most rewarding opportunities in the industry might come on the small-business front. During the pandemic, thousands of gyms, restaurants, and hotels shuttered. Now that consumers are ready to mingle with the public again, there’s an entrepreneurial opportunity for new businesses to enter the space. Not to mention, they will have the incentive of discounted commercial space.

3. Biden is all in on green energy jobs

More than 70% of new electricity capacity created this year will come from solar and wind power. Innovation has turned green energy from a fantasy into a serious threat to coal. And the green sector could soon see further gains: President Joe Biden’s looming infrastructure package would help the renewables industry secure billions. His goal? The White House hopes his infrastructure plan gets the U.S. to carbon-free electricity by 2035.

“More aggressive moves by the incoming Biden administration to act

on climate and improve the nation’s energy infrastructure could speed the shift,” Burning Glass Technologies, a Boston-based labor market analytics firm, wrote in a recent report. In that same report, they projected the renewables sector will come close to doubling in the next five years.

Burning Glass Technologies expects strong demand for jobs like nuclear engineer (median salary of $113,385), wastewater engineer ($82,016), energy analyst ($70,012), and solar installer ($33,761).

4. Cloud will soon employ more workers than the entire utilities industry

Even before the pandemic, cloud computing was the growth engine driving hiring for tech titans like Amazon, Google, and Microsoft. The pandemic only added fuel to the fire. There are now more than 450,000 workers employed in the cloud computing business. But it’s only going up from here. Burning Glass Technologies expects the cloud sector, which pays a median salary of nearly $80,000, to expand to more than 1.8 million jobs in the next five years. That will be close to triple the entire 540,000 employed by the U.S. utilities industry.

“Over a year into the pandemic, digital adoption curves aren’t slowing down. They’re accelerating, and it’s just the beginning,” Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella said after his company announced its stellar earnings, driven by its cloud unit Microsoft Azure, in April.

Finally, I want to leave Fortune readers with one salary tip. Employers are notoriously discrete when it comes to their salary bands. Though some sites like Glassdoor attempt to fill the void, their data is often old and unverified. Here’s a tip from yours truly, Fortune’s data editor: Check out H-1B visa data. When private companies hire workers on a work visa, those salary offers become public record. You can find the U.S. Department of Labor visa data by employer and title. The data set even allows you to refine the search by year.

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