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遠程授課不易,中國教師建議美國同行:預(yù)期降低,、再降低

Sarah Fielding
2020-04-18

為了搞好遠程教學,,美國老師向中國同行請教,。

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英語老師莉·珀金斯直言不諱地道出了當前很多人的心聲:“我總是要時不時地提醒自己,,無論是學生還是老師,我們現(xiàn)在都沒有百分百地全身心投入,。”

受新冠病毒疫情影響,,無數(shù)老師不得不在幾天內(nèi)適應(yīng)遠程工作,,也就是上網(wǎng)課。馬薩諸塞州私立寄宿學校的老師珀金斯只是其中的一位,。然而,,大家或許對網(wǎng)課的期待有些過高?!斑@不是真正的遠程教育,,沒有人接受過專門的教學培訓。這和普通的辦公不一樣,?!彼f。

老師們努力地適應(yīng)當前的工作狀態(tài),而要領(lǐng)竟是:“認清現(xiàn)實”,。

“將你的授課預(yù)期減半,,再減半。越快地接受這一現(xiàn)實,,你就能越早地脫離苦海,。”紐約北部的中學歷史老師道格·吉爾伯特說,,有位來自中國武漢的老師曾向他提出這樣的建議,。

現(xiàn)實就是,“老師們會逐漸發(fā)現(xiàn),,自己根本無法完成預(yù)設(shè)的教學‘目標’,。”珀金斯補充道,,“他們只能學著給自己‘松綁’并進行自我調(diào)整,。”

如何“松綁”,?老師們找到了這三種方法:

傾聽學生的訴求

遠程教學,,需要老師了解學生當下的需求。不能和同學一起上課,,還要克服在家里上課時的不專注都是學生的苦衷,;然而更大的難題是,部分學生家里根本沒有進行遠程學習的條件,。

“很多在田納西州農(nóng)村的家庭都無法上網(wǎng),。”亞歷克斯·賓恩說,,他是南部地區(qū)成人教育及美國大學入學考試備考班的老師,。“對于能上網(wǎng)的學生,,我們可以通過Zoom,、Google Hangouts等視頻軟件溝通;但這種方式并不適用于家里沒網(wǎng)的學生,?!?/p>

據(jù)美國國家電信與信息管理局發(fā)布的2017年全國數(shù)據(jù)顯示,有310萬學齡兒童的家里沒有安裝寬帶,,尤其是少數(shù)民族家庭的寬帶安裝率相對較低,,他們只能通過移動電子設(shè)備上網(wǎng)。

“這是真實存在的不平等問題,,也是教育者需要面對的道德上的難題,?!辟e夕法尼亞州某小學的戲劇課老師克莉絲汀·契珂夫斯奇說?!懊慨斚氲侥切o法獲取學習資料的學生時,,我的心情就會很沉重。還會擔心‘學生們是否安全,、健康,?今天吃飯了嗎?’”

遠程學習硬件條件差異大的問題存在于各個年齡段,。莉迪婭·歐文斯博士在賓夕法尼亞州的學校教基礎(chǔ)社會學,,她曾向?qū)W生們調(diào)查,目前獲取學習內(nèi)容的途徑都有哪些,,以使遠程學習變得更容易,,也能了解她可以提供哪些支持。

學校封鎖時,,一些學生正在放春假,,由于宿舍已無法進入,他們把課本和筆記都留在了學校,。雖然多數(shù)學生將筆記本電腦帶回了家,,但有些人家里的網(wǎng)絡(luò)時好時壞,有些人則只能使用手機學習,。

“人們在網(wǎng)上探討遠程教學時會提供一些優(yōu)秀的實踐案例,。”歐文斯博士說,,“我會參考其中的一些反饋來優(yōu)化我的課程,,即使這些反饋并不是直接針對我的。這些反饋能讓我對學生們的現(xiàn)狀更加感同身受,。比如有人提出,,自己需要通過Zoom軟件同時接入四個在線課程,這顯然是不可行的,?!?/p>

發(fā)揮創(chuàng)意解決問題

老師們會利用有限資源靈活解決工作難題。比如,,一些老師鼓勵學生用手機完成作業(yè)?!拔彝ㄟ^一些易獲取,、易使用的手機應(yīng)用來教傳媒技術(shù),比如用一款叫做Canva的免費在線設(shè)計工具來完成一個營銷項目,?!眴讨巍だ钫f,。他是巴爾博亞高中CAST學院的總監(jiān)兼?zhèn)髅剿囆g(shù)老師。

他也在想辦法讓家里網(wǎng)絡(luò)條件差的學生不掉隊,?!拔野颜n本和資料寄給無法上網(wǎng)的學生,我們還會每周通電話交流,,解答疑問和困惑,。”他說,。

歐文斯博士及一些老師還會把課程錄制下來,,供學生自行回看;上課時通過Zoom軟件接受提問,。

佩斯大學公共關(guān)系副教授珍妮弗·李·馬加斯認為,,Blackboard、Google Docs等目前已實際運用在課堂中的工具使遠程教學更加容易,,雖然仍與理想化狀態(tài)相去甚遠,。因此她允許學生在有條件完成作業(yè)的情況下再提交。佩斯大學及美國多所學校都允許學生申請自行評定課程通過情況,。

營造線上空間“安全感”

“很多學生會表現(xiàn)出焦慮,。”吉爾伯特說,。為此,,他減少了各類測驗。在第一次測驗時有學生作弊,,他本打算在日后考試時使用計時器,,但為了減少學生的壓力,最終并沒有使用,?!爱攲W生看到計時器開始計時時,有部分人會感到恐慌,,但也會比正常情況下更投入,。”

珀金斯也支持這個觀點:“當前最重要的事是確保學生心理健康和安全,。我的課堂每周都會舉行‘自檢’,,這似乎是目前最有價值的活動,如果學生需要的話我們會一直實施下去,。逗號使用,,這種死知識明年學也不遲?!?/p>

薩拉·埃德勒是伊利諾斯州教一年級的老師,,她此前要負責回復六歲小學生們的提問,,還要護送他們上下學?!拔覀儸F(xiàn)在不能和學生面對面地待在一起,,也不能在他們尋求安慰時給予一個擁抱,這太令人難過了,?!彼f。

不過還好現(xiàn)在有線上課堂,、新款學習游戲,、線上班會,還能在線回復各類提問,、郵件和信息,,種種形式都能讓學生們知道,老師一直都在,。

特殊時期還出現(xiàn)了有意思的反轉(zhuǎn),。老師們發(fā)現(xiàn),研究生竟也需要同一年級學生,、中學生一樣的關(guān)懷,。“學生們遠離了自己的同學,,甚至處于不同時區(qū),。我們務(wù)必要確保他們在精神上、身體上,、智力上都不會出現(xiàn)問題,。”安妮·羅賓遜說,。她是卡耐基梅隆大學工程學院的教授兼化學工程負責人,。

“與正在居家學習的研究生和博士后學生進行定期的交流互動是非常關(guān)鍵的?!彼f,。羅賓遜發(fā)現(xiàn),讓學生舉行小組會議能提升參與度,。此外,,研究生比其它較低年級的學生更擅于互幫互助??突仿〈髮W的研究生學生組織策劃了線上娛樂時間,、團隊游戲、線上觀影等活動,,以便讓大家更好地度過這段“難捱”的隔離期,。(財富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:楊超

英語老師莉·珀金斯直言不諱地道出了當前很多人的心聲:“我總是要時不時地提醒自己,無論是學生還是老師,,我們現(xiàn)在都沒有百分百地全身心投入,。”

受新冠病毒疫情影響,,無數(shù)老師不得不在幾天內(nèi)適應(yīng)遠程工作,,也就是上網(wǎng)課。馬薩諸塞州私立寄宿學校的老師珀金斯只是其中的一位,。然而,,大家或許對網(wǎng)課的期待有些過高?!斑@不是真正的遠程教育,,沒有人接受過專門的教學培訓。這和普通的辦公不一樣,?!彼f。

老師們努力地適應(yīng)當前的工作狀態(tài),,而要領(lǐng)竟是:“認清現(xiàn)實”,。

“將你的授課預(yù)期減半,再減半,。越快地接受這一現(xiàn)實,,你就能越早地脫離苦海?!奔~約北部的中學歷史老師道格·吉爾伯特說,,有位來自中國武漢的老師曾向他提出這樣的建議。

現(xiàn)實就是,,“老師們會逐漸發(fā)現(xiàn),,自己根本無法完成預(yù)設(shè)的教學‘目標’?!辩杲鹚寡a充道,,“他們只能學著給自己‘松綁’并進行自我調(diào)整?!?/p>

如何“松綁”,?老師們找到了這三種方法:

傾聽學生的訴求

遠程教學,需要老師了解學生當下的需求,。不能和同學一起上課,,還要克服在家里上課時的不專注都是學生的苦衷;然而更大的難題是,,部分學生家里根本沒有進行遠程學習的條件,。

“很多在田納西州農(nóng)村的家庭都無法上網(wǎng),。”亞歷克斯·賓恩說,,他是南部地區(qū)成人教育及美國大學入學考試備考班的老師,。“對于能上網(wǎng)的學生,,我們可以通過Zoom,、Google Hangouts等視頻軟件溝通;但這種方式并不適用于家里沒網(wǎng)的學生,?!?/p>

據(jù)美國國家電信與信息管理局發(fā)布的2017年全國數(shù)據(jù)顯示,有310萬學齡兒童的家里沒有安裝寬帶,,尤其是少數(shù)民族家庭的寬帶安裝率相對較低,,他們只能通過移動電子設(shè)備上網(wǎng)。

“這是真實存在的不平等問題,,也是教育者需要面對的道德上的難題,。”賓夕法尼亞州某小學的戲劇課老師克莉絲汀·契珂夫斯奇說,?!懊慨斚氲侥切o法獲取學習資料的學生時,我的心情就會很沉重,。還會擔心‘學生們是否安全,、健康?今天吃飯了嗎,?’”

遠程學習硬件條件差異大的問題存在于各個年齡段,。莉迪婭·歐文斯博士在賓夕法尼亞州的學校教基礎(chǔ)社會學,她曾向?qū)W生們調(diào)查,,目前獲取學習內(nèi)容的途徑都有哪些,,以使遠程學習變得更容易,也能了解她可以提供哪些支持,。

學校封鎖時,,一些學生正在放春假,由于宿舍已無法進入,,他們把課本和筆記都留在了學校,。雖然多數(shù)學生將筆記本電腦帶回了家,但有些人家里的網(wǎng)絡(luò)時好時壞,,有些人則只能使用手機學習,。

“人們在網(wǎng)上探討遠程教學時會提供一些優(yōu)秀的實踐案例。”歐文斯博士說,,“我會參考其中的一些反饋來優(yōu)化我的課程,,即使這些反饋并不是直接針對我的。這些反饋能讓我對學生們的現(xiàn)狀更加感同身受,。比如有人提出,,自己需要通過Zoom軟件同時接入四個在線課程,這顯然是不可行的,。”

發(fā)揮創(chuàng)意解決問題

老師們會利用有限資源靈活解決工作難題,。比如,,一些老師鼓勵學生用手機完成作業(yè)?!拔彝ㄟ^一些易獲取,、易使用的手機應(yīng)用來教傳媒技術(shù),比如用一款叫做Canva的免費在線設(shè)計工具來完成一個營銷項目,?!眴讨巍だ钫f。他是巴爾博亞高中CAST學院的總監(jiān)兼?zhèn)髅剿囆g(shù)老師,。

他也在想辦法讓家里網(wǎng)絡(luò)條件差的學生不掉隊,。“我把課本和資料寄給無法上網(wǎng)的學生,,我們還會每周通電話交流,,解答疑問和困惑?!彼f,。

歐文斯博士及一些老師還會把課程錄制下來,供學生自行回看,;上課時通過Zoom軟件接受提問,。

佩斯大學公共關(guān)系副教授珍妮弗·李·馬加斯認為,Blackboard,、Google Docs等目前已實際運用在課堂中的工具使遠程教學更加容易,,雖然仍與理想化狀態(tài)相去甚遠。因此她允許學生在有條件完成作業(yè)的情況下再提交,。佩斯大學及美國多所學校都允許學生申請自行評定課程通過情況,。

營造線上空間“安全感”

“很多學生會表現(xiàn)出焦慮?!奔獱柌卣f,。為此,他減少了各類測驗。在第一次測驗時有學生作弊,,他本打算在日后考試時使用計時器,,但為了減少學生的壓力,最終并沒有使用,?!爱攲W生看到計時器開始計時時,有部分人會感到恐慌,,但也會比正常情況下更投入,。”

珀金斯也支持這個觀點:“當前最重要的事是確保學生心理健康和安全,。我的課堂每周都會舉行‘自檢’,,這似乎是目前最有價值的活動,如果學生需要的話我們會一直實施下去,。逗號使用,,這種死知識明年學也不遲?!?/p>

薩拉·埃德勒是伊利諾斯州教一年級的老師,,她此前要負責回復六歲小學生們的提問,還要護送他們上下學,?!拔覀儸F(xiàn)在不能和學生面對面地待在一起,也不能在他們尋求安慰時給予一個擁抱,,這太令人難過了,。”她說,。

不過還好現(xiàn)在有線上課堂,、新款學習游戲、線上班會,,還能在線回復各類提問,、郵件和信息,種種形式都能讓學生們知道,,老師一直都在,。

特殊時期還出現(xiàn)了有意思的反轉(zhuǎn)。老師們發(fā)現(xiàn),,研究生竟也需要同一年級學生,、中學生一樣的關(guān)懷?!皩W生們遠離了自己的同學,,甚至處于不同時區(qū)。我們務(wù)必要確保他們在精神上、身體上,、智力上都不會出現(xiàn)問題,。”安妮·羅賓遜說,。她是卡耐基梅隆大學工程學院的教授兼化學工程負責人,。

“與正在居家學習的研究生和博士后學生進行定期的交流互動是非常關(guān)鍵的?!彼f,。羅賓遜發(fā)現(xiàn),讓學生舉行小組會議能提升參與度,。此外,,研究生比其它較低年級的學生更擅于互幫互助??突仿〈髮W的研究生學生組織策劃了線上娛樂時間、團隊游戲,、線上觀影等活動,,以便讓大家更好地度過這段“難捱”的隔離期。(財富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:楊超

English teacher Leigh Perkins isn’t afraid to admit how everyone is feeling: “No one—kids or teachers—is functioning at 100 percent right now, and it’s hard to remember that at times."

An independent boarding school teacher in Massachusetts, Perkins is one of a countless number of teachers who have had no choice but to adapt to working remotely due to the COVID-19 pandemic, often in a matter of days. But the expectation of a smooth transition is mostly overblown. "This isn’t true distance learning, as no one thrown into this situation is trained in that specific type of pedagogy. It can’t be ‘business as usual,’” she says.

So teachers have been managing to work under some kind of normalcy. The key? Being realistic.

"Cut your expectations of what you're going to cover in half and then cut it again. The sooner you accept that, the sooner your head won't explode,” recalls Doug Gilbert, a middle school history teacher in upstate New York, who was advised by a teacher in Wuhan, China.

"Teachers are recognizing they can’t get to the ‘finish line’ they had in mind for their classes," adds Perkins. "They are learning to forgive themselves and adjust."

Mostly, they're doing so in three ways:

They're listening to student’s needs

For instructors, remote teaching has meant taking cues from students on what they need right now—and as if being separated from their peers and dealing with distractions at home were difficult enough, the number one barrier teachers are facing is the lack of connectivity students have at home.

“In rural Tennessee, we have many households that do not have internet access,” says Alex Beene, a teacher of Adult Education and ACT Prep classes in the Southern state. “Whereas I can use something like Zoom or Google Hangouts for those that do have wireless connectivity, these plans fall flat with people who don't have those services.”

3.1 million households with school-aged children have no wired broadband connection, according to nationwide 2017 data from the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA). Broadband adoption rates in minority households are particularly lagged, so they rely on connecting on their mobile devices.

“This reality poses issues of inequity and moral dilemmas for educators,” says Kristin Cichowski, a theatre specialist for elementary aged students at a school in Pennsylvania. “My heart is heavy when I think about those students who have little o no means of accessing the material—in addition to perhaps even more important concerns like ‘a(chǎn)re my students safe? Are they able to stay healthy? Have they received a meal today?’"

The connectivity disparity is present for students of all ages. Dr. Lydia Owens, who teaches an introductory sociology class at Penn State, surveyed her class on what students have access to and what she can do to make things easier.

Some of them were on spring break when the campus was shut down, leaving their textbooks or notes behind as the dorms remain closed. While most students brought their laptops home, some have spotty internet, and many have been working from their phones.

"The best practices for teaching are being revealed in the online discussions they've been having," says Dr. Owens. "I’ve been adapting my course through that feedback, even though it’s not directly to me. It helps me be more empathetic to them, like one that mentioned that having to join four Zoom clases at the same time will not work.”

They've become creative with their solutions

Teachers are working with what they have. Some have been encouraging students to complete school work on their phones. “I've been able to teach media skills by turning to accessible and easy-to-use apps, like a free online design tool called Canva to complete a marketing project," says George Lee, Director and Media Arts teacher at CAST Academy, Balboa High School.

He is also working to ensure less advantaged students with poor internet connections don’t get left behind. “I've been shipping books and packets to those that don't have wireless access and giving them calls during the week so we can go over questions and concerns,” he says.

Other educators, like Dr. Owens, are recording lectures that students can watch on their own time, and she makes herself available on Zoom during class hours for anyone who has questions.

While Jennifer Lee Magas, MA, JD., a clinical associate professor of public relations at Pace University admits that their transition has been easier thanks to tools like Blackboard and Google Docs already being used in class, it’s still far from ideal. Therefore, she is allowing her students to hand in assignments whenever they can. Pace University,?like many colleges across the country, is also allowing students to request being graded pass or fail for the course.

They're aiming to create a safe space online

“A lot of kids have anxiety," says Gilbert. One thing he has cut is tests and quizzes. After a student cheated on the first one, he decided it was impossible to monitor without a timer—something he has no plans to use in hopes of mitigating any additional stress. "The moment they see that timer start, some of them are going to get flooded with panic and become more worked up than under normal conditions.”

Perkins seconds this: “The most important thing right now is the students’ mental health and safety. Every week it seems like the ‘checking in’ parts of my classes are by far the most valuable, and I’ll keep it up for as long as they need it. They can learn about comma splices next year.”

Sara Edler, a first grade teacher in Illinois, used to spend her days answering six-year-old’s questions and walking them to and from classes. “No longer are we getting face-to-face time with our students. We aren’t able to hug them when they seek you out or to be their safe place anymore. It really is heartbreaking,” she explains.

Online classrooms, new learning games, digital class meetings and answers to every text, email or message is hopefully a way for students to know that teachers like Edler are there for them.

In an interesting twist matching the strangeness of the times, some teachers have realized graduate students require the same care as first graders and middle schoolers. “Students may be isolated from peers or in different time zones, so making sure they are doing OK mentally, physically and intellectually is extremely vital,” says Anne Robinson, professor and Head of Chemical Engineering at Carnegie Mellon University's College of Engineering.

“The regular social interaction of a residential education is critical for graduate and postdoctoral students,” she says. Robinson has found that breaking students into small team meetings has allowed for increased engagement as well. Plus, graduate students are better equipped to support each other than younger students. At Carnegie Mellon, the graduate student organization has planned virtual happy hours, team gaming and virtual Netflix movie sessions as an effort to bridge the physical isolation.

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