
隨著越來(lái)越多的汽車(chē)公司將他們的自動(dòng)駕駛汽車(chē)投放到道路上,,專(zhuān)家們發(fā)出了警告,其中一些汽車(chē)可能對(duì)司機(jī)弊大于利,。
未來(lái)幾年,,當(dāng)談到自動(dòng)駕駛汽車(chē)時(shí),埃隆·馬斯克(Elon Musk)的特斯拉將不再是唯一的行業(yè)翹楚,。根據(jù)一家市場(chǎng)研究公司最近的一份報(bào)告,,世界上具有自動(dòng)駕駛功能的汽車(chē)數(shù)量將從2021年的2030萬(wàn)輛增長(zhǎng)到2030年的6240萬(wàn)輛。除了特斯拉和優(yōu)步(Uber)這樣的新公司之外,,寶馬(BMW),、梅賽德斯-奔馳(Mercedes-Benz)和通用汽車(chē)(General Motors)等越來(lái)越多的傳統(tǒng)汽車(chē)制造商也計(jì)劃在未來(lái)幾年推出自己的自動(dòng)駕駛概念車(chē)型。
但隨著市場(chǎng)的增長(zhǎng),,人們也對(duì)自動(dòng)駕駛汽車(chē)的安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提出了質(zhì)疑,,一些人認(rèn)為,下一代汽車(chē)可能會(huì)對(duì)開(kāi)車(chē)的人構(gòu)成危險(xiǎn),。
喬治梅森大學(xué)工程學(xué)教授,、美國(guó)國(guó)家公路交通安全管理局(NHTSA)前安全顧問(wèn)米西·卡明斯在周三發(fā)表的一篇采訪中告訴《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》,人們太過(guò)享受自動(dòng)駕駛技術(shù)帶來(lái)的舒適感以至于開(kāi)始“過(guò)度信任這項(xiàng)技術(shù)”,。
卡明斯多年來(lái)一直呼吁對(duì)自動(dòng)駕駛汽車(chē)進(jìn)行更嚴(yán)格的監(jiān)管,,并在2021年就此事與馬斯克及其網(wǎng)上支持者軍團(tuán)公開(kāi)交鋒。當(dāng)卡明斯被任命為美國(guó)國(guó)家公路交通安全管理局的安全顧問(wèn)時(shí)(她在接下來(lái)的一年中擔(dān)任該職務(wù)),,馬斯克在推特上寫(xiě)道,,她在過(guò)去就“對(duì)特斯拉極有偏見(jiàn)”。
在本月早些時(shí)候發(fā)表在喬治梅森大學(xué)網(wǎng)站上的采訪中,,卡明斯表示,,她“并不反對(duì)特斯拉”,而是反對(duì)不負(fù)責(zé)任地應(yīng)用新技術(shù),。她說(shuō):“我只是非常討厭不成熟的技術(shù),。如果你的公司不成熟的技術(shù)構(gòu)成了危險(xiǎn),我就會(huì)揭發(fā)你,?!?/p>
現(xiàn)在她警告說(shuō),,司機(jī)在駕駛自動(dòng)駕駛汽車(chē)時(shí)可能會(huì)變得疏忽大意,從而使自己面臨更高的超速風(fēng)險(xiǎn),。
她說(shuō):“他們由著汽車(chē)超速行駛,,因此,經(jīng)常發(fā)生事故,,導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重受傷或死亡,。”
陷入困境的行業(yè)
根據(jù)美國(guó)國(guó)家公路交通安全管理局的數(shù)據(jù),,在2021年7月至2022年5月期間,,有392起涉及配備自動(dòng)駕駛技術(shù)的汽車(chē)的交通事故,其中5人重傷,,6人死亡,。在這些事故中,有273起涉及特斯拉汽車(chē),,其中5起造成人員死亡,。
除了已報(bào)告的撞車(chē)事故外,司機(jī)們還標(biāo)記了幾起幻影剎車(chē)的案例,,即存在故障的傳感器捕捉到不存在的物體,,導(dǎo)致處于自動(dòng)輔助駕駛模式的特斯拉汽車(chē)在行駛時(shí)停車(chē)或減速。
自2021年8月以來(lái),,美國(guó)國(guó)家公路交通安全管理局一直在調(diào)查特斯拉,,特別是其自動(dòng)輔助駕駛功能,。去年6月,,該調(diào)查升級(jí)為“工程分析”狀態(tài),,以擴(kuò)展現(xiàn)有的碰撞分析,,使得美國(guó)國(guó)家公路交通安全管理局有權(quán)要求特斯拉召回汽車(chē),。上個(gè)月,,美國(guó)國(guó)家公路交通安全管理局代理局長(zhǎng)安·卡爾森(Ann Carlson)告訴記者,,調(diào)查進(jìn)展“很快”,,該機(jī)構(gòu)已經(jīng)“投入了大量資源”,。
周四,,美國(guó)國(guó)家公路交通安全管理局宣布特斯拉召回了所有配備該公司實(shí)驗(yàn)性“全自動(dòng)駕駛”軟件的車(chē)輛——超過(guò)36萬(wàn)輛。召回通知適用于2016年至2023年期間銷(xiāo)售的部分Model S,、Model X,、Model Y和Model 3車(chē)型。該機(jī)構(gòu)表示,,該軟件“可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致撞車(chē)事故”,,因?yàn)樗谑致房诘谋憩F(xiàn)以及偶爾無(wú)視限速的問(wèn)題需要得到解決。
這項(xiàng)技術(shù)還可能在限速方面存在問(wèn)題,,可能“沒(méi)有充分考慮到司機(jī)可以調(diào)整車(chē)速,,從而會(huì)超過(guò)規(guī)定的限速”,。
上周四,馬斯克在推特上回應(yīng)了有人說(shuō)應(yīng)該用一個(gè)不同的詞來(lái)形容當(dāng)前的情況,,這個(gè)詞既不是召回,,也不是軟件更新:“當(dāng)然。用‘召回’這個(gè)詞來(lái)形容無(wú)線軟件更新是不合時(shí)宜的,,而且是大錯(cuò)特錯(cuò)!”
卡明斯和其他道路安全倡導(dǎo)者敦促消費(fèi)者認(rèn)識(shí)到,,汽車(chē)公司目前提供的自動(dòng)駕駛技術(shù)并不是真正的全自動(dòng)駕駛,即使啟動(dòng)了自動(dòng)駕駛功能,,司機(jī)也需要保持警惕,??魉惯€指責(zé)特斯拉和其他公司夸大了自動(dòng)駕駛技術(shù),,給司機(jī)帶來(lái)了更大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
她告訴《泰晤士報(bào)》:“汽車(chē)公司——指的是特斯拉和其他公司——正將自動(dòng)駕駛技術(shù)作為一種解放雙手的技術(shù)進(jìn)行營(yíng)銷(xiāo),。這是一場(chǎng)噩夢(mèng),。”
特斯拉沒(méi)有在美國(guó)設(shè)立公關(guān)部門(mén),,該公司也沒(méi)有立即回應(yīng)《財(cái)富》雜志的置評(píng)請(qǐng)求,。該公司也沒(méi)有回應(yīng)《泰晤士報(bào)》的置評(píng)請(qǐng)求。
馬斯克在過(guò)去的采訪中強(qiáng)調(diào),,改進(jìn)自動(dòng)駕駛技術(shù)是特斯拉的下一個(gè)大目標(biāo),。
去年6月,馬斯克在接受特斯拉官方發(fā)燒友俱樂(lè)部的采訪時(shí)表示:“我們最關(guān)注的是如何解決全自動(dòng)駕駛問(wèn)題,。這一點(diǎn)至關(guān)重要,,這決定了特斯拉是價(jià)值不菲還是分文不值?!?/p>
但是,,如果卡明斯獨(dú)行其是,并能成功說(shuō)服政府在自動(dòng)駕駛汽車(chē)的制造方式以及司機(jī)何時(shí)可以使用自動(dòng)駕駛功能方面出臺(tái)更多規(guī)定,,那么特斯拉和所有涌入自動(dòng)駕駛汽車(chē)領(lǐng)域的公司將不得不更加謹(jǐn)慎行事,。
她說(shuō):“人們正濫用這項(xiàng)技術(shù),我們需要出臺(tái)相關(guān)法規(guī)來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)這一問(wèn)題,?!?/p>
其他道路安全倡導(dǎo)者也提出了類(lèi)似的請(qǐng)求,要求監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)更多地參與進(jìn)來(lái),。激進(jìn)說(shuō)客拉爾夫·納德(Ralph Nader)是最早公開(kāi)呼吁提高車(chē)輛安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的公眾人物之一,,他也對(duì)特斯拉和不受監(jiān)管的自動(dòng)駕駛汽車(chē)持批評(píng)態(tài)度。
他在去年8月的一份聲明中寫(xiě)道:“我呼吁聯(lián)邦監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)立即采取行動(dòng),,防止特斯拉的這項(xiàng)技術(shù)造成更多人受傷和死亡,?!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:中慧言-王芳
隨著越來(lái)越多的汽車(chē)公司將他們的自動(dòng)駕駛汽車(chē)投放到道路上,專(zhuān)家們發(fā)出了警告,,其中一些汽車(chē)可能對(duì)司機(jī)弊大于利,。
未來(lái)幾年,當(dāng)談到自動(dòng)駕駛汽車(chē)時(shí),,埃隆·馬斯克(Elon Musk)的特斯拉將不再是唯一的行業(yè)翹楚,。根據(jù)一家市場(chǎng)研究公司最近的一份報(bào)告,世界上具有自動(dòng)駕駛功能的汽車(chē)數(shù)量將從2021年的2030萬(wàn)輛增長(zhǎng)到2030年的6240萬(wàn)輛,。除了特斯拉和優(yōu)步(Uber)這樣的新公司之外,,寶馬(BMW)、梅賽德斯-奔馳(Mercedes-Benz)和通用汽車(chē)(General Motors)等越來(lái)越多的傳統(tǒng)汽車(chē)制造商也計(jì)劃在未來(lái)幾年推出自己的自動(dòng)駕駛概念車(chē)型,。
但隨著市場(chǎng)的增長(zhǎng),,人們也對(duì)自動(dòng)駕駛汽車(chē)的安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提出了質(zhì)疑,一些人認(rèn)為,,下一代汽車(chē)可能會(huì)對(duì)開(kāi)車(chē)的人構(gòu)成危險(xiǎn),。
喬治梅森大學(xué)工程學(xué)教授、美國(guó)國(guó)家公路交通安全管理局(NHTSA)前安全顧問(wèn)米西·卡明斯在周三發(fā)表的一篇采訪中告訴《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》,,人們太過(guò)享受自動(dòng)駕駛技術(shù)帶來(lái)的舒適感以至于開(kāi)始“過(guò)度信任這項(xiàng)技術(shù)”,。
卡明斯多年來(lái)一直呼吁對(duì)自動(dòng)駕駛汽車(chē)進(jìn)行更嚴(yán)格的監(jiān)管,并在2021年就此事與馬斯克及其網(wǎng)上支持者軍團(tuán)公開(kāi)交鋒,。當(dāng)卡明斯被任命為美國(guó)國(guó)家公路交通安全管理局的安全顧問(wèn)時(shí)(她在接下來(lái)的一年中擔(dān)任該職務(wù)),,馬斯克在推特上寫(xiě)道,她在過(guò)去就“對(duì)特斯拉極有偏見(jiàn)”,。
在本月早些時(shí)候發(fā)表在喬治梅森大學(xué)網(wǎng)站上的采訪中,,卡明斯表示,她“并不反對(duì)特斯拉”,,而是反對(duì)不負(fù)責(zé)任地應(yīng)用新技術(shù),。她說(shuō):“我只是非常討厭不成熟的技術(shù)。如果你的公司不成熟的技術(shù)構(gòu)成了危險(xiǎn),,我就會(huì)揭發(fā)你,。”
現(xiàn)在她警告說(shuō),,司機(jī)在駕駛自動(dòng)駕駛汽車(chē)時(shí)可能會(huì)變得疏忽大意,,從而使自己面臨更高的超速風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
她說(shuō):“他們由著汽車(chē)超速行駛,,因此,,經(jīng)常發(fā)生事故,導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重受傷或死亡,?!?/p>
陷入困境的行業(yè)
根據(jù)美國(guó)國(guó)家公路交通安全管理局的數(shù)據(jù),,在2021年7月至2022年5月期間,有392起涉及配備自動(dòng)駕駛技術(shù)的汽車(chē)的交通事故,,其中5人重傷,,6人死亡。在這些事故中,,有273起涉及特斯拉汽車(chē),,其中5起造成人員死亡。
除了已報(bào)告的撞車(chē)事故外,,司機(jī)們還標(biāo)記了幾起幻影剎車(chē)的案例,,即存在故障的傳感器捕捉到不存在的物體,導(dǎo)致處于自動(dòng)輔助駕駛模式的特斯拉汽車(chē)在行駛時(shí)停車(chē)或減速,。
自2021年8月以來(lái),,美國(guó)國(guó)家公路交通安全管理局一直在調(diào)查特斯拉,特別是其自動(dòng)輔助駕駛功能,。去年6月,,該調(diào)查升級(jí)為“工程分析”狀態(tài),,以擴(kuò)展現(xiàn)有的碰撞分析,,使得美國(guó)國(guó)家公路交通安全管理局有權(quán)要求特斯拉召回汽車(chē)。上個(gè)月,,美國(guó)國(guó)家公路交通安全管理局代理局長(zhǎng)安·卡爾森(Ann Carlson)告訴記者,,調(diào)查進(jìn)展“很快”,該機(jī)構(gòu)已經(jīng)“投入了大量資源”,。
周四,,美國(guó)國(guó)家公路交通安全管理局宣布特斯拉召回了所有配備該公司實(shí)驗(yàn)性“全自動(dòng)駕駛”軟件的車(chē)輛——超過(guò)36萬(wàn)輛。召回通知適用于2016年至2023年期間銷(xiāo)售的部分Model S,、Model X,、Model Y和Model 3車(chē)型。該機(jī)構(gòu)表示,,該軟件“可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致撞車(chē)事故”,,因?yàn)樗谑致房诘谋憩F(xiàn)以及偶爾無(wú)視限速的問(wèn)題需要得到解決。
這項(xiàng)技術(shù)還可能在限速方面存在問(wèn)題,,可能“沒(méi)有充分考慮到司機(jī)可以調(diào)整車(chē)速,,從而會(huì)超過(guò)規(guī)定的限速”。
上周四,,馬斯克在推特上回應(yīng)了有人說(shuō)應(yīng)該用一個(gè)不同的詞來(lái)形容當(dāng)前的情況,,這個(gè)詞既不是召回,也不是軟件更新:“當(dāng)然,。用‘召回’這個(gè)詞來(lái)形容無(wú)線軟件更新是不合時(shí)宜的,,而且是大錯(cuò)特錯(cuò)!”
卡明斯和其他道路安全倡導(dǎo)者敦促消費(fèi)者認(rèn)識(shí)到,,汽車(chē)公司目前提供的自動(dòng)駕駛技術(shù)并不是真正的全自動(dòng)駕駛,即使啟動(dòng)了自動(dòng)駕駛功能,,司機(jī)也需要保持警惕,。卡明斯還指責(zé)特斯拉和其他公司夸大了自動(dòng)駕駛技術(shù),,給司機(jī)帶來(lái)了更大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),。
她告訴《泰晤士報(bào)》:“汽車(chē)公司——指的是特斯拉和其他公司——正將自動(dòng)駕駛技術(shù)作為一種解放雙手的技術(shù)進(jìn)行營(yíng)銷(xiāo)。這是一場(chǎng)噩夢(mèng),?!?/p>
特斯拉沒(méi)有在美國(guó)設(shè)立公關(guān)部門(mén),該公司也沒(méi)有立即回應(yīng)《財(cái)富》雜志的置評(píng)請(qǐng)求,。該公司也沒(méi)有回應(yīng)《泰晤士報(bào)》的置評(píng)請(qǐng)求,。
馬斯克在過(guò)去的采訪中強(qiáng)調(diào),改進(jìn)自動(dòng)駕駛技術(shù)是特斯拉的下一個(gè)大目標(biāo),。
去年6月,,馬斯克在接受特斯拉官方發(fā)燒友俱樂(lè)部的采訪時(shí)表示:“我們最關(guān)注的是如何解決全自動(dòng)駕駛問(wèn)題。這一點(diǎn)至關(guān)重要,,這決定了特斯拉是價(jià)值不菲還是分文不值,。”
但是,,如果卡明斯獨(dú)行其是,,并能成功說(shuō)服政府在自動(dòng)駕駛汽車(chē)的制造方式以及司機(jī)何時(shí)可以使用自動(dòng)駕駛功能方面出臺(tái)更多規(guī)定,那么特斯拉和所有涌入自動(dòng)駕駛汽車(chē)領(lǐng)域的公司將不得不更加謹(jǐn)慎行事,。
她說(shuō):“人們正濫用這項(xiàng)技術(shù),,我們需要出臺(tái)相關(guān)法規(guī)來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)這一問(wèn)題?!?/p>
其他道路安全倡導(dǎo)者也提出了類(lèi)似的請(qǐng)求,,要求監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)更多地參與進(jìn)來(lái)。激進(jìn)說(shuō)客拉爾夫·納德(Ralph Nader)是最早公開(kāi)呼吁提高車(chē)輛安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的公眾人物之一,,他也對(duì)特斯拉和不受監(jiān)管的自動(dòng)駕駛汽車(chē)持批評(píng)態(tài)度,。
他在去年8月的一份聲明中寫(xiě)道:“我呼吁聯(lián)邦監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)立即采取行動(dòng),防止特斯拉的這項(xiàng)技術(shù)造成更多人受傷和死亡,?!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:中慧言-王芳
With more and more car companies putting their self-driving vehicle models on the road, experts are sounding the alarm that some of these cars may be doing more harm than good to drivers.
Elon Musk’s Tesla won’t be the only game in town anymore when it comes to self-driving cars over the next few years. The number of cars in the world with autonomous driving characteristics is set to grow from 20.3 million in 2021 to 62.4 million by 2030, according to a recent report by a markets research firm, and newer companies like Tesla and Uber have been joined by a growing slate of traditional carmakers including BMW, Mercedes-Benz, and General Motors, which plan to launch their own self-driving concepts within the next few years.
But with the market growing, questions are also being raised over autonomous vehicles’ safety standards, with some arguing that the next-generation cars could be a danger to the people getting behind the wheel.
People can get comfortable enough in a self-driving car that they start “overtrusting the technology,” Missy Cummings, an engineering professor at George Mason University and former safety advisor at the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), told the New York Times in an interview published Wednesday.
Cummings has for years called for more stringent regulation on self-driving cars and had a public run-in with Musk and his legion of online supporters on the matter in 2021. When Cummings was appointed the NHTSA’s safety advisor, a position she held for the next year, Musk wrote on Twitter that her track record was “extremely biased against Tesla.”
In an interview earlier this month published on George Mason University’s website, Cummings said she is “not anti-Tesla,” but against new technologies being implemented irresponsibly. “I just really hate bad tech. And if you’ve got some bad tech that is really dangerous, I’m going to call you out on it,” she said.
Now she’s warning that drivers can become negligent behind an autonomous car’s wheel and put themselves at a higher risk of speeding.
“They are letting the cars speed. And they are getting into accidents that are seriously injuring them or killing them,” she said.
A troubled industry
Between July 2021 and May 2022, there were 392 crashes involving cars equipped with autonomous driving technology, according to the NHTSA, which included five serious injuries and six deaths. Of those total crashes, 273 involved Tesla vehicles, five of which were fatal.
In addition to reported crashes, drivers have flagged several instances of phantom braking, when faulty sensors pick up on non-existent objects and cause Tesla cars on Autopilot to stop or change speed while driving.
Since August 2021, the NHTSA has been investigating Tesla, specifically its Autopilot self-driving feature. In June of last year, the probe was upgraded to an “engineering analysis” status that would expand its scope and enable the NHTSA to demand Tesla to recall vehicles. Last month, NHTSA acting head Ann Carlson told reporters the investigation was proceeding “fast” and the agency had been “investing a lot of resources.”
On Thursday, Tesla recalled every vehicle equipped with the company’s experimental “Full Self-Driving” software—more than 360,000—the NHTSA announced. The recall notice applies to some Model S, Model X, Model Y, and Model 3 vehicles sold between 2016 and 2023. The agency said the software “may cause crashes” as its behavior around intersections and occasional disregard for speed limits are issues that need to be fixed.
The tech could also have a problem with speed limits, and may “not adequately account for the driver’s adjustment of the vehicle’s speed to exceed posted speed limits.”
On Thursday, Musk tweeted a response to someone who said that there should be a different word between a recall and a software update: “Definitely. The word ‘recall’ for an over-the-air software update is anachronistic and just flat wrong!”
Cummings and other road safety advocates have urged consumers to recognize that the self-driving technology car companies offer today is not truly fully autonomous, and drivers need to stay alert even if self-driving features are activated. Cummings also accused Tesla and other companies of overstating autonomous vehicle technology and creating a greater risk for drivers.
“Car companies—meaning Tesla and others—are marketing this as a hands-free technology,” she told the Times. “That is a nightmare.”
Tesla does not have a U.S. public relations department and the company did not immediately respond to Fortune’s request for comment. It did not respond to the Times’ request for comment
Musk has emphasized in past interviews that refining self-driving cars is the next big target at Tesla.
“The overwhelming focus is solving full self-driving,” Musk said during an interview last June with an official Tesla enthusiast club. “That’s essential, and that’s really the difference between Tesla being worth a lot of money and being worth basically zero.”
But Tesla, and all companies piling into the self-driving car space, will have to move more cautiously if Cummings has her way and convinces the government to put more regulations on how autonomous vehicles are made and when drivers can use self-driving features.
“The technology is being abused by humans,” she said. “We need to put in regulations that deal with this.”
Other road safety advocates have made similar pleas for regulators to get more involved. Ralph Nader, the activist lobbyist who was one of the first public figures to make public calls for better vehicle safety standards, has also been critical of Tesla and unregulated autonomous cars.
“I am calling on federal regulators to act immediately to prevent the growing deaths and injuries from Tesla manslaughtering crashes with this technology,” he wrote in a statement last August.