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扎克伯格的“元宇宙”或與Facebook一樣危險(xiǎn)

Jonathan Vanian
2021-11-02

扎克伯格指出,,互操作性,、開放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、隱私和安全性從一開始就需要在元宇宙中構(gòu)建,。

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在Facebook改名為Meta的背后,,是馬克·扎克伯格對(duì)元宇宙的追求,,這引發(fā)了有關(guān)下一個(gè)技術(shù)前沿的數(shù)據(jù)隱私的重大問(wèn)題。

盡管Facebook多年來(lái)一再出現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)失誤,,但10月28日,,扎克伯格在該公司的Connect活動(dòng)中表示將試圖為用戶建立一個(gè)被稱為元宇宙的沉浸式虛擬世界時(shí),他對(duì)隱私采取了深思熟慮的態(tài)度,。

“互操作性、開放標(biāo)準(zhǔn),、隱私和安全性從一開始就需要在元宇宙中構(gòu)建,。”扎克伯格說(shuō),,“有了所有正在開發(fā)的新技術(shù),,每個(gè)參與構(gòu)建元宇宙的人,都應(yīng)該從一開始就專注地負(fù)起責(zé)任,?!?/p>

Facebook對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)隱私的爭(zhēng)議,對(duì)公眾來(lái)說(shuō)并不陌生,。自2004年成立以來(lái),,這家公司犯了很多數(shù)據(jù)錯(cuò)誤,其中最臭名昭著的就是2018年的劍橋分析(Cambridge Analytica)丑聞,,一名研究人員流氓式地非法獲取了用戶數(shù)據(jù),,將其出售給了一家政治咨詢公司,。

在與美國(guó)聯(lián)邦貿(mào)易委員會(huì)(Federal Trade Commission)就此事達(dá)成的和解中,F(xiàn)acebook支付了50億美元并承諾改善用戶數(shù)據(jù)隱私,。2020年,,F(xiàn)acebook又支付了5.5億美元來(lái)解決一項(xiàng)隱私訴訟。在這項(xiàng)訴訟中,,F(xiàn)acebook被指控違反了伊利諾伊州的一項(xiàng)法律,,該法律要求公司在存儲(chǔ)用戶的生物識(shí)別數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)必須得到用戶的許可,包括人臉與個(gè)人身份的聯(lián)系等,。

直到最近的今年4月,,5億多名用戶的全名、地點(diǎn),、電子郵件地址和關(guān)系狀況的Facebook數(shù)據(jù),,被泄露在網(wǎng)上。

盡管元宇宙仍然處于起步階段,,但Facebook的母公司Meta正在花費(fèi)數(shù)十億美元開發(fā)虛擬和增強(qiáng)現(xiàn)實(shí)等技術(shù),。如果開發(fā)成功,這些技術(shù)就將為新的網(wǎng)絡(luò)宇宙提供動(dòng)力,。

10月29日,,悉尼大學(xué)(University of Sydney)的數(shù)字文化高級(jí)講師馬庫(kù)斯·卡特表達(dá)了他對(duì)Facebook的元數(shù)據(jù)隱私的擔(dān)憂。他說(shuō):“Facebook推動(dòng)的VR關(guān)乎的是數(shù)據(jù),,而不是游戲,。”

“諸如VR和AR這樣的元宇宙技術(shù),,也許是未來(lái)十年我們可能‘請(qǐng)’到家中的最具數(shù)據(jù)提取能力的數(shù)字傳感器,。”卡特說(shuō),。

他補(bǔ)充說(shuō),,F(xiàn)acebook能夠在VR中追蹤的一些用戶數(shù)據(jù),包括人們?cè)谔摂M環(huán)境中移動(dòng)的信息,??ㄌ乇硎荆@種VR運(yùn)動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)“可以用來(lái)鎖定你的身份,,就像指紋一樣”,。

事實(shí)上,Meta已經(jīng)通過(guò)其現(xiàn)有的VR產(chǎn)品收集了大量的用戶數(shù)據(jù),,包括人們的物理特征——例如對(duì)他們的手的大小的估計(jì),、他們?cè)赩R中創(chuàng)造的數(shù)字物體和音頻,以及來(lái)自第三方虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)開發(fā)商的用戶信息,。

扎克伯格說(shuō),,F(xiàn)acebook正在與外部專家合作,,以確保未來(lái)的元宇宙產(chǎn)品是“為安全、隱私和包容而設(shè)計(jì)的”,。不過(guò),,即使隱私專家可能提出建議,扎克伯格對(duì)是否采取行動(dòng)有最終決定權(quán),。

例如,,民權(quán)組織Access Now表示,F(xiàn)acebook對(duì)該公司與雷朋(Ray-Ban)合作開發(fā)的智能太陽(yáng)鏡進(jìn)行了咨詢,。但Facebook忽視了該組織的首要建議,,即優(yōu)先考慮“提醒旁觀者他們正在被眼鏡記錄”。

Access Now還擔(dān)心在拍攝過(guò)程中,,眼鏡邊緣的白光很容易被忽略,。Facebook也表示了拒絕。

人們所擁有的僅僅只有扎克伯格的承諾,,即他的公司將在優(yōu)先考慮隱私,、安全和其他被認(rèn)為重要的價(jià)值的情況下開發(fā)元宇宙。

但是,,如果扎克伯格最終創(chuàng)建了他的元宇宙,,他將對(duì)最值得優(yōu)先考慮的問(wèn)題擁有最終決定權(quán)。歷史告訴我們,,數(shù)據(jù)隱私或許不是他優(yōu)先考慮的對(duì)象,。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

編譯:楊二一

在Facebook改名為Meta的背后,是馬克·扎克伯格對(duì)元宇宙的追求,,這引發(fā)了有關(guān)下一個(gè)技術(shù)前沿的數(shù)據(jù)隱私的重大問(wèn)題,。

盡管Facebook多年來(lái)一再出現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)失誤,但10月28日,,扎克伯格在該公司的Connect活動(dòng)中表示將試圖為用戶建立一個(gè)被稱為元宇宙的沉浸式虛擬世界時(shí),,他對(duì)隱私采取了深思熟慮的態(tài)度。

“互操作性,、開放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、隱私和安全性從一開始就需要在元宇宙中構(gòu)建,?!痹瞬裾f(shuō),“有了所有正在開發(fā)的新技術(shù),,每個(gè)參與構(gòu)建元宇宙的人,,都應(yīng)該從一開始就專注地負(fù)起責(zé)任?!?/p>

Facebook對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)隱私的爭(zhēng)議,,對(duì)公眾來(lái)說(shuō)并不陌生,。自2004年成立以來(lái),這家公司犯了很多數(shù)據(jù)錯(cuò)誤,,其中最臭名昭著的就是2018年的劍橋分析(Cambridge Analytica)丑聞,,一名研究人員流氓式地非法獲取了用戶數(shù)據(jù),將其出售給了一家政治咨詢公司,。

在與美國(guó)聯(lián)邦貿(mào)易委員會(huì)(Federal Trade Commission)就此事達(dá)成的和解中,,F(xiàn)acebook支付了50億美元并承諾改善用戶數(shù)據(jù)隱私。2020年,,F(xiàn)acebook又支付了5.5億美元來(lái)解決一項(xiàng)隱私訴訟,。在這項(xiàng)訴訟中,F(xiàn)acebook被指控違反了伊利諾伊州的一項(xiàng)法律,,該法律要求公司在存儲(chǔ)用戶的生物識(shí)別數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)必須得到用戶的許可,,包括人臉與個(gè)人身份的聯(lián)系等。

直到最近的今年4月,,5億多名用戶的全名,、地點(diǎn)、電子郵件地址和關(guān)系狀況的Facebook數(shù)據(jù),,被泄露在網(wǎng)上,。

盡管元宇宙仍然處于起步階段,但Facebook的母公司Meta正在花費(fèi)數(shù)十億美元開發(fā)虛擬和增強(qiáng)現(xiàn)實(shí)等技術(shù),。如果開發(fā)成功,,這些技術(shù)就將為新的網(wǎng)絡(luò)宇宙提供動(dòng)力。

10月29日,,悉尼大學(xué)(University of Sydney)的數(shù)字文化高級(jí)講師馬庫(kù)斯·卡特表達(dá)了他對(duì)Facebook的元數(shù)據(jù)隱私的擔(dān)憂,。他說(shuō):“Facebook推動(dòng)的VR關(guān)乎的是數(shù)據(jù),而不是游戲,?!?/p>

“諸如VR和AR這樣的元宇宙技術(shù),也許是未來(lái)十年我們可能‘請(qǐng)’到家中的最具數(shù)據(jù)提取能力的數(shù)字傳感器,?!笨ㄌ卣f(shuō)。

他補(bǔ)充說(shuō),,F(xiàn)acebook能夠在VR中追蹤的一些用戶數(shù)據(jù),,包括人們?cè)谔摂M環(huán)境中移動(dòng)的信息??ㄌ乇硎?,這種VR運(yùn)動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)“可以用來(lái)鎖定你的身份,就像指紋一樣”。

事實(shí)上,,Meta已經(jīng)通過(guò)其現(xiàn)有的VR產(chǎn)品收集了大量的用戶數(shù)據(jù),,包括人們的物理特征——例如對(duì)他們的手的大小的估計(jì)、他們?cè)赩R中創(chuàng)造的數(shù)字物體和音頻,,以及來(lái)自第三方虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)開發(fā)商的用戶信息,。

扎克伯格說(shuō),F(xiàn)acebook正在與外部專家合作,,以確保未來(lái)的元宇宙產(chǎn)品是“為安全,、隱私和包容而設(shè)計(jì)的”。不過(guò),,即使隱私專家可能提出建議,,扎克伯格對(duì)是否采取行動(dòng)有最終決定權(quán)。

例如,,民權(quán)組織Access Now表示,,F(xiàn)acebook對(duì)該公司與雷朋(Ray-Ban)合作開發(fā)的智能太陽(yáng)鏡進(jìn)行了咨詢。但Facebook忽視了該組織的首要建議,,即優(yōu)先考慮“提醒旁觀者他們正在被眼鏡記錄”,。

Access Now還擔(dān)心在拍攝過(guò)程中,眼鏡邊緣的白光很容易被忽略,。Facebook也表示了拒絕,。

人們所擁有的僅僅只有扎克伯格的承諾,即他的公司將在優(yōu)先考慮隱私,、安全和其他被認(rèn)為重要的價(jià)值的情況下開發(fā)元宇宙,。

但是,如果扎克伯格最終創(chuàng)建了他的元宇宙,,他將對(duì)最值得優(yōu)先考慮的問(wèn)題擁有最終決定權(quán),。歷史告訴我們,數(shù)據(jù)隱私或許不是他優(yōu)先考慮的對(duì)象,。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

編譯:楊二一

Mark Zuckerberg’s pursuit of the metaverse, the reason behind Facebook’s rebranding as Meta, raises significant questions about data privacy in the next frontier of tech.

Despite Facebook’s repeated data lapses over the years, Zuckerberg said during his company’s Connect event on October 28 that he’s taking a thoughtful approach to privacy as he attempts to build the immersive, virtual world for users known as the metaverse.

“Interoperability, open standards, privacy, and safety need to be built into the metaverse from day one,” Zuckerberg said. “And with all the novel technologies that are being developed, everyone who’s building for the metaverse should be focused on building responsibly from the beginning.”

Facebook is no stranger to controversy when it comes to data privacy. Since its founding in 2004, the company has made numerous data blunders, the most high-profile being the Cambridge Analytica scandal of 2018 in which a rogue researcher improperly accessed user data and then sold it to a political consulting firm.

In a settlement with the Federal Trade Commission over the matter, Facebook paid $5 billion and promised to improve user data privacy. In 2020, Facebook paid another $550 million to settle a privacy lawsuit involving allegations that the company violated an Illinois state law that requires companies to get permission from users to store their biometric data, which include data that links faces to individual identities.

More recently in April of this year, Facebook data that included the full names, locations, email addresses, and relationship status of over half-a-billion of its users was leaked online.

Although the metaverse is still in its infancy, Meta, as Facebook’s parent company is now called, is spending billions of dollars on technologies like virtual and augmented reality that would power the new online universe, if and when it’s developed.

Marcus Carter, a senior lecturer in digital cultures at the University of Sydney, voiced his concerns about data privacy in Facebook’s metaverse on October 29, saying, “Facebook’s VR push is about data, not gaming.”

“Metaverse technologies like VR and AR are perhaps the most data-extractive digital sensors we’re likely to invite into our homes in the next decade,” Carter said.

He added that some of the user data that Facebook can track in VR includes information about how people move in virtual environments. This VR movement data “can be used to identify you, like a fingerprint,” he said.

Indeed, Meta is already collecting huge amounts of user data through its existing virtual reality products, including people’s physical features like an estimate of their hand size, the digital objects and audio they create in VR, and information from third-party VR developers about users.

Zuckerberg said his company is working with outside experts to ensure future metaverse products are designed “for safety and privacy and inclusion.” Still, even though privacy experts may have recommendations, Zuckerberg has the ultimate say on whether to act on them.

Civil rights group Access Now, for instance, said it consulted with Facebook about the smart sunglasses the company developed in partnership with Ray-Ban. But the social networking giant ignored the group’s top recommendation, which was to prioritize “alerting bystanders that they are being recorded” by the glasses.

Access Now was concerned that the small white light on the rim of the glasses that activates during filming was easy to miss. Facebook rejected that concern.

All that people have is Zuckerberg’s word that his company will develop the metaverse while prioritizing privacy, security, and other values considered important.

But if Zuckerberg ends up creating his metaverse, he’ll have the final say on what’s worth prioritizing. History tells us that data privacy may not be high on his priority list.

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