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2012年財(cái)富美國(guó)500強(qiáng):利潤(rùn)之年

Shawn Tully
2012-05-10

登上最新財(cái)富美國(guó)500強(qiáng)榜單的許多大公司,在2011年的利潤(rùn)都創(chuàng)下了新高。他們是如何在略顯艱難的經(jīng)濟(jì)大環(huán)境實(shí)現(xiàn)這樣的成績(jī)呢,?這樣的局面又能持續(xù)多久呢,?

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????去年,航空航天和工業(yè)控制領(lǐng)域的巨頭霍尼韋爾國(guó)際(Honeywell International)(排第77位)在中國(guó)、印度等高成長(zhǎng)市場(chǎng)的營(yíng)收增長(zhǎng)了12億美元,,增幅20%,幾乎占公司總銷售額增長(zhǎng)的三分之一,?!拔覀冾A(yù)計(jì)未來(lái)5年我們的營(yíng)收增長(zhǎng)將有近一半來(lái)自新興市場(chǎng)?!被裟犴f爾國(guó)際的首席財(cái)務(wù)官戴維?安德森表示,。

????周期性消費(fèi)、能源和金融服務(wù)三大領(lǐng)域貢獻(xiàn)了去年1,160億美元新增利潤(rùn)的73%,。周期性消費(fèi)是包含多樣的一個(gè)領(lǐng)域,,主要由汽車和汽車零配件構(gòu)成,相關(guān)公司去年利潤(rùn)增長(zhǎng)210億美元,。通用汽車(GM )(排第5位)利潤(rùn)猛增49%至92億美元,。2010年底以來(lái),通用汽車推出了主打雪佛蘭科魯茲(Chevy Cruze)緊湊車型和Sonic次緊湊車型的一系列熱銷車型,。

????自2009年破產(chǎn)重組以來(lái),,通用汽車已將成本壓縮到這樣的水平:只要美國(guó)汽車市場(chǎng)達(dá)到1,050萬(wàn)輛(去年的數(shù)據(jù):1,280萬(wàn)輛)時(shí),,公司就可以賺錢,。這比通用汽車過(guò)去的盈虧平衡點(diǎn)低了整整500萬(wàn)輛。

????Honeywell International (No. 77), the aerospace and industrial controls colossus, raised revenues by $1.2 billion, or 20%, last year in high-growth markets such as China and India. That accounted for almost one-third of Honeywell's (HON) total sales growth. "We expect about half of our revenue growth to come in emerging markets over the next five years," says CFO David Anderson.

????Three sectors -- consumer cyclicals, energy, and financial services -- generated 73% of last year's $116 billion earnings gain. Consumer cyclicals is a diverse category dominated by motor vehicles and auto parts, businesses that produced a $21 billion rise in earnings last year. Profits at GM (No. 5) rose by 49%, to $9.2 billion. GM has introduced a fleet of briskly selling models since late 2010, led by the compact Chevy Cruze and the subcompact Sonic.

????Since emerging from bankruptcy in 2009, GM (GM) has also curbed costs to the point where it makes money when the U.S. car market reaches 10.5 million units (last year's figure: 12.8 million). That's a remarkable 5 million units below GM's old profitability threshold.?

????再看看福特汽車(Ford)(排第9位),,利潤(rùn)驟增208%至202億美元,。去年,福特創(chuàng)造了良好的營(yíng)運(yùn)利潤(rùn),,在包括中型車Fusion在內(nèi)的強(qiáng)大產(chǎn)品線帶動(dòng)下,,美國(guó)銷量增長(zhǎng)9%;Fusion車型是豐田(Toyota)凱美瑞(Camry)車型的有力競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手,。但是,,利潤(rùn)巨幅增長(zhǎng)很大程度上源于一項(xiàng)加大了基期稅務(wù)損失的會(huì)計(jì)調(diào)整。幾年來(lái),這些損失一直被視為是毫無(wú)價(jià)值的,,因?yàn)楦L匾恢睕](méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)盈利,。如今,福特再次盈利,,這些遞延效應(yīng)將減少其未來(lái)的現(xiàn)金稅負(fù),。

????油價(jià)高漲也轉(zhuǎn)化為埃克森美孚(Exxon Mobil)等能源公司的巨額利潤(rùn),。2011年,,埃克森美孚營(yíng)收高達(dá)4,530億美元,,超過(guò)了上年排名第一的沃爾瑪(Wal-Mart),,榮登財(cái)富美國(guó)500強(qiáng)公司榜首。這是??松梨诘谑伟蔚妙^籌,,也是在過(guò)去10年來(lái)埃克森美孚和沃爾瑪兩家第六度交換冠亞軍位置,。由于??松梨诖蟛糠殖杀径枷鄬?duì)固定,去年油價(jià)大漲為其利潤(rùn)貢獻(xiàn)良多,。(2010年的頭號(hào)種子沃爾瑪去年流年不利:經(jīng)濟(jì)緩慢復(fù)蘇對(duì)沃爾瑪?shù)牡投讼M(fèi)者客戶群打擊沉重,,《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》(New York Times)率先報(bào)道了沃爾瑪?shù)哪鞲缳V賂丑聞,致使近月該股股價(jià)下跌,。)

????Over at Ford (No. 9), profits jumped 208%, to $20.2 billion. Ford generated healthy operating earnings, raising unit sales 9% in the U.S. last year with a strong lineup that includes the midsize Fusion, a worthy competitor to the Toyota Camry. However, much of the swing came from an accounting change that increased the value of Ford's past tax losses. For years those losses looked worthless because Ford (F) had no earnings. Now that Ford is making money again, those deferred benefits will decrease its future cash taxes.

????High prices at the pump translated into great results for energy companies like Exxon Mobil, which topped the Fortune 500 with $453 billion in revenues, edging out last year's winner Wal-Mart. It's the 13th time that Exxon has taken first place, and the sixth time that Exxon and Wal-Mart have traded the top two positions during the past decade. Exxon (XOM) also led the 500 with $41.1 billion in earnings, up 35% over the previous year. Because most of Exxon Mobil's costs are relatively fixed, last year's surge in oil prices fell heavily to the bottom line. (It's been a mixed year for last year's No. 1: Wal-Mart's (WMT) low-end consumer base has been hit hard by the slow recovery, and the stock recently plunged on news of a massive bribery scandal involving its operations in Mexico, first reported by the New York Times.)?

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