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歡迎來(lái)到自由職業(yè)新時(shí)代

歡迎來(lái)到自由職業(yè)新時(shí)代

Gary M. Stern 2012年11月29日
越來(lái)越多的人開始走進(jìn)自由職業(yè)者的行列,,同時(shí),,越來(lái)越多的企業(yè)習(xí)慣于把項(xiàng)目交給自由職業(yè)者,。自由職業(yè)者技能成熟,,而且公司不用負(fù)責(zé)他們的保險(xiǎn)等福利,性價(jià)比相當(dāng)高,。同時(shí),,許多自由職業(yè)者的收入也在上漲,。

??? 盡管自由職業(yè)者無(wú)法獲得醫(yī)保這類員工福利,,但自從雷曼兄弟(Lehman Brothers)、鮑德斯書店(Borders)和華盛頓互惠銀行(Washington Mutual)等大公司倒閉之后,,職場(chǎng)中的“不安全感”情緒在不斷蔓延,。不少自由職業(yè)者坦言,比起依賴于某個(gè)雇主,,自己給自己打工要感覺(jué)更安全一點(diǎn),。如果一個(gè)客戶丟掉了,還有其他的可以來(lái)補(bǔ)充,。

????來(lái)自美國(guó)馬薩諸塞州格林菲爾德的丹?尼森鮑姆是一位JAVA程序員,,他在1999年時(shí)曾在一家名為Cimex的軟件集成公司擔(dān)任全職工作,主要負(fù)責(zé)計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)程序的開發(fā),。但他卻說(shuō)喜歡在小公司里工作,,“我不能忍受坐辦公室,它會(huì)扼殺一個(gè)人全部的創(chuàng)意,?!弊罱K,他辭去工作,,并在美國(guó)西北大學(xué)(Northwestern University)獲得了物理學(xué)博士學(xué)位,,然后在2008年成了一名自由職業(yè)者。

????尼森鮑姆擁有非常熱門的技能,,令他在一眾自由職業(yè)者中脫穎而出,。離家外出工作時(shí),他會(huì)仔細(xì)挑選客戶并從工作中獲得樂(lè)趣,。一旦某個(gè)客戶提出過(guò)分要求,,他就會(huì)為他們開出解除合同通知書,停止繼續(xù)為他們工作,。他語(yǔ)帶譏諷地說(shuō):“對(duì)程序員指手劃腳根本沒(méi)什么用,?!?/p>

????那么,做自由職業(yè)者有哪些不足之處呢,?首先是必須自掏腰包才能獲得與大部分全職員工相同的福利,。42歲的尼森鮑姆說(shuō),他不得不提高收費(fèi)以支付醫(yī)保費(fèi)用以及為晚年生活所存的生活費(fèi),。他所服務(wù)的一個(gè)大客戶是好萊塢的一家公司,,目前這家公司在為他們這些自由職業(yè)者建立檔案數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。

????雖然如此,,他還是常常在Guru 和Elance這些網(wǎng)站搜尋新的工作項(xiàng)目,。不停地尋找新工作也常常令他焦慮不已,但是又有什么辦法呢,?尼森鮑姆說(shuō):“無(wú)論是全職工作還是自由職業(yè),,總歸都是缺乏職業(yè)穩(wěn)定性的?!?/p>

????肯?蘭卡斯特是美國(guó)德克薩斯州達(dá)拉斯市一家名為蘭卡斯特廣告營(yíng)銷公司(Lancaster Advertising & Marketing)的創(chuàng)始人和創(chuàng)意總監(jiān),。2004年,公司擁有4,000平方英尺的辦公室和15名全職員工,,營(yíng)業(yè)額高達(dá)300萬(wàn)美元,。如今辦公室縮小到350平方英尺,而他也成了公司唯一的一名全職員工,。

????但如今,,蘭卡斯特隨時(shí)都可以說(shuō)自己雇用了15到30名兼職網(wǎng)頁(yè)開發(fā)員、軟件程序員,、搜索引擎營(yíng)銷專家和平面設(shè)計(jì)師,。這些人中有的是在美國(guó),更多的是在亞洲,、東歐和南美等國(guó)家,。他從2004年開始就和其中一些人合作,通常是按項(xiàng)目或是小時(shí)結(jié)算薪水,。

????蘭卡斯特說(shuō)雇用自由職業(yè)者不但可以大幅削減成本,、為客戶提供物美價(jià)廉的商品,還能為自己帶來(lái)更多的靈活性,。他說(shuō):“這樣的好處是我無(wú)需為他們繳納個(gè)人所得稅和醫(yī)保,,還能為客戶提供高性價(jià)比的產(chǎn)品。唯一的問(wèn)題就是沒(méi)人可以說(shuō)說(shuō)話,?!?/p>

????While freelancers must operate without the security blanket of employee benefits like health insurance, the insecurity in the workplace, after the demise of major companies like Lehman Brothers, Borders, and Washington Mutual is pervasive, Pink says. No one's job is secure. Some freelancers contend they're safer working for themselves rather than depending on one employee. If one client disappears, freelancers can fall back on several others.

????Dan Nissenbaum, a Greenfield, Mass.-based software programmer who specializes in Java programming, spent a year working full-time at Cimex Corporation, a software integration company, in 1999, where he worked on CAD (computer assisted design). While he says he liked working at a small company, "I can't stand working in an office. It stultifies your ability to do creative work." He left the job to earn a doctorate in physics at Northwestern University and started freelancing in 2008.

????Nissenbaum possesses skills that are in demand, which separates him from other independent contractors. Working out of his home, he says he chooses his clients carefully and finds his work satisfying. When one client made excessive demands, he gave them the pink slip and stopped working for them. "Telling a programmer what to do isn't effective," he says wryly.

????What's the downside of freelancing? Having to pay out of pocket for benefits most full-time employees receive by default, says the 42-year-old Nissenbaum. He says he charges a higher hourly fee to cover health care costs and puts money aside for his senior years. He works mostly for one primary client, a Hollywood firm that is creating a database for their archives.

????Still, he's always searching Guru and Elance for new assignments. Having to constantly pursue new work puts him on edge, but what's the alternative? "There's a lack of stability whether you're a full-time worker or a freelancer," Nissenbaum says.

????Ken Lancaster, owner and creative director of Dallas, Texas-based Lancaster Advertising & Marketing, until 2004 had 15 full-time staffers, a 4,000 square foot office, and generated $3 million in revenue. He's since downsized into a 350-square-foot office and is his company's only full-time employee.

????At any given time, Lancaster says he hires 15 to 30 freelance web developers, software programmers, search engine marketing specialists, and graphic designers. Some are based in the U.S., but many work out of Asia, Eastern Europe, and South America. He's worked with some freelancers since 2004, always on a project or hourly basis.

????Lancaster says hiring independent contractors has slashed his costs, produces better work at cheaper prices for his clients, and offers him more flexibility. "I don't have their payroll taxes or health insurance and my clients get more for their money. The only problem is there's no one to talk to," he notes.

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