????你如何定義成功,？

????這個(gè)問(wèn)題是美國(guó)圣母大學(xué)（University of Notre Dame）門(mén)多薩商學(xué)院（Mendoza College of Business）管理學(xué)教授蒂姆西?賈吉進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)深入研究項(xiàng)目的核心,。賈吉稱：“雖然積極進(jìn)取的人取得了很多成就，但他們的幸福感相比不那么積極進(jìn)取的人只高了一點(diǎn)點(diǎn),，而且他們的壽命事實(shí)上也相對(duì)更短一些,。”

????他的這項(xiàng)研究跟蹤調(diào)查了717名生于上世紀(jì)初的積極進(jìn)取者,，選取他們從童年到成年以及日后歲月中的關(guān)鍵節(jié)點(diǎn),，針對(duì)進(jìn)取心、成就以及各種健康和幸福指標(biāo)進(jìn)行了測(cè)定,。

????接受調(diào)查的人中很多都是畢業(yè)于哈佛（Harvard）,、耶魯（Yale）、普林斯頓（Princeton）,、斯坦福（Stanford）和其他一流名校,，隨后從事高要求、高地位和高收入的職業(yè),。但與控制組中的尋求安逸者（心理學(xué)家通常將這類人列為B類人）相比,，這些高成就者的幸福感并沒(méi)有顯著增加。而且,，平均而言,，尋求安逸者的壽命比高成就者更長(zhǎng)。

????“我們發(fā)現(xiàn),，進(jìn)取心最多只是增加人生滿足感的一個(gè)很細(xì)微的因素,，事實(shí)上它同時(shí)還對(duì)壽命具有輕微的負(fù)面影響，”賈吉說(shuō),?！耙虼耍瑳](méi)錯(cuò),，積極進(jìn)取者的確擁有更成功的事業(yè),，但這看起來(lái)并沒(méi)有轉(zhuǎn)化為更幸福、更健康的生活,?！?/p>

????雖然這項(xiàng)研究沒(méi)有指出導(dǎo)致積極進(jìn)取者壽命較短的原因，但賈吉猜測(cè)：“或許是因?yàn)樗麄儗?duì)事業(yè)忘我投入,，忽略了很多有益于健康的事情,，”比如“健康的生活習(xí)慣、穩(wěn)定的家庭關(guān)系和深候的社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)”,。

????因此，父母?jìng)冃枰⒁饬耍憾卮僮优ж?fù)遠(yuǎn)大理想,、進(jìn)名牌學(xué)校,、追尋輝煌事業(yè)從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看似乎對(duì)他們并沒(méi)有什么好處,。

????“如果你最大的愿望是他們能擁有幸福和健康的生活，或許不應(yīng)過(guò)度強(qiáng)調(diào)事業(yè)成功的重要性,，”賈吉說(shuō),。“進(jìn)取心能給我們（以及孩子們）的東西有限,?！?/p>

????這項(xiàng)研究報(bào)告《志存高遠(yuǎn)的價(jià)值：進(jìn)取心的前因和后果》（On the Value of Aiming High: The Causes and Consequences of Ambition）將刊登在即將出版的《應(yīng)用心理學(xué)》雜志 （Journal of Applied Psychology）上。

????譯者：老榆木

????How do you define success?

????That's the question at the core of an exhaustive research project by Timothy Judge, a professor of management at the University of Notre Dame's Mendoza College of Business. "Despite their many accomplishments, ambitious people are only slightly happier than their less-ambitious counterparts, and they actually live somewhat shorter lives," says Judge.

????His study tracked 717 go-getters, born in the early years of the 20th century, and measured ambition, achievement, and various indicators of health and happiness at key points in the subjects' lives, from childhood into young adulthood and beyond.

????Many in the group graduated from Harvard, Yale, Princeton, Stanford, and other prestigious schools, and then went on to demanding, high-status, highly paid careers. Yet, when compared with a control group of more laid-back peers -- folks with the personality profile psychologists sometimes label Type B -- the high-achieving group was not markedly happier. What's more, the slackers, on average, outlived the high-achievers.

????"We discovered that ambition has, at most, only a very slight positive effect on life satisfaction, and actually a slightly negative impact on longevity," says Judge. "So, yes, ambitious people do achieve more successful careers, but that doesn't seem to translate into leading happier or healthier lives."

????Although the study doesn't address the reasons for higher mortality rates among ambitious people, Judge speculates that "perhaps the investments they make in their careers come at the expense of the things we know affect longevity," such as "healthy behaviors, stable relationships, and deep social networks."

????Note to parents: Pushing kids to aim for the stars, get into a prestigious school, and pursue a high-powered career may not do them any favors in the long run.

????"If your biggest wish for your children is that they lead happy and healthy lives, you might not want to overemphasize the importance of professional success," says Judge. "There are limits to what our ambitions can bring us -- or our kids."

????The study, "On the Value of Aiming High: The Causes and Consequences of Ambition," will appear in a forthcoming issue of the Journal of Applied Psychology.