如果成功的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)用賺了多少錢來衡量，那這些公司無疑都是頂尖的。

《財(cái)富》雜志公布了2016年美國(guó)500強(qiáng)榜單,，今年的美國(guó)500強(qiáng)占全美GDP的三分之二，總收入達(dá)12萬億美元,，利潤(rùn)為8400億美元,，市值17萬億美元，全球員工數(shù)達(dá)2790萬,。蘋果公司首次躋身三甲,，沃爾瑪收入略減但仍蟬聯(lián)榜首，美國(guó)電話電報(bào)公司（AT&T）重返十佳,。下面就是排名前10的美國(guó)公司榜單：

1. 沃爾瑪（Walmart）

《財(cái)富》美國(guó)500強(qiáng)排名：第1名

2015年?duì)I業(yè)收入：4821億美元

進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)以來,，沃爾瑪在貫徹超級(jí)零售商策略方面進(jìn)展迅速，如今已成為美國(guó)第二大在線零售商,，僅次于亞馬遜,。沃爾瑪提高了員工工資，大手筆升級(jí)技術(shù),，其美國(guó)公司改進(jìn)了客戶服務(wù)質(zhì)量,，2015年每個(gè)季度的銷售額都明顯增加。沃爾瑪還打算重整占銷售額一半的食品業(yè)務(wù),，定位有機(jī)和生鮮食品,，與curbside合作提供網(wǎng)絡(luò)下單自提服務(wù)。沃爾瑪在轉(zhuǎn)型科技巨頭的道路上也充滿自信,，已經(jīng)在美國(guó)推出移動(dòng)支付服務(wù)Walmart Pay,。但對(duì)這家全球最大的公司來說，挑戰(zhàn)仍然不小,。首先,，轉(zhuǎn)型電商的步伐落后于主要對(duì)手。山姆會(huì)員店的業(yè)務(wù)還在努力追趕好市多（Costco）,。此外,，由于美元持續(xù)堅(jiān)挺，海外業(yè)務(wù)的利潤(rùn)受到侵蝕,。2015年沃爾瑪總銷售額第一次出現(xiàn)下滑,。

2. 埃克森美孚（Exxon Mobil）

《財(cái)富》美國(guó)500強(qiáng)排名：第2名

2015年?duì)I業(yè)收入：2462億美元

按市值來算,，?？松梨谑怯蜌忸I(lǐng)域全球最大的上市公司（按收入來算要排在中石化和荷蘭殼牌后面）,。如今埃克森美孚已經(jīng)擺脫了油價(jià)暴跌的陰影,，在縱向整合業(yè)務(wù)之后,，下游業(yè)務(wù)的收益覆蓋了油價(jià)低迷期上游業(yè)務(wù)的損失。從盈利能力到安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn),，?？松梨谠诜椒矫婷嫒匀皇切袠I(yè)標(biāo)桿，不過在氣候變化方面的爭(zhēng)議是其知名軟肋,。紐約和加利福尼亞的州檢察官都已經(jīng)下令,，調(diào)查埃克森美孚在氣候變化導(dǎo)致的商業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)方面是否有誤導(dǎo)投資者的行為,。此外,，還有人指控埃克森美孚打壓對(duì)其不利的科研活動(dòng),，不過埃克森美孚已經(jīng)否認(rèn),。

3.蘋果公司（Apple）

《財(cái)富》美國(guó)500強(qiáng)排名：第3名

2015年?duì)I業(yè)收入：2337億美元

近十年來蘋果不斷推陳出新,，從流行一時(shí)的iPod到風(fēng)靡全球的iPhone，業(yè)績(jī)也穩(wěn)健增長(zhǎng),。如今蘋果終于遇到瓶頸,。盡管蘋果仍是全世界最賺錢的上市公司，但2015年年底推出的新升級(jí)款iPhone 6S and 6S Plus勉強(qiáng)超過前作,，iPad平板電腦銷量持續(xù)下滑,。2015年4月，蘋果新推出了智能手表,，市場(chǎng)評(píng)價(jià)不一,，銷量也不溫不火。此外,，隨著中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)放緩,，蘋果在中國(guó)的業(yè)務(wù)情況略有爭(zhēng)議。2015年8月,，蘋果CEO蒂姆?庫(kù)克還罕見地寫郵件給CNBC電視主持人吉姆?克萊默,，聲稱去年夏天在中國(guó)的銷量并無下滑。但去年蘋果在中國(guó)的表現(xiàn)并不出彩,。近來人們又開始希望新款iPhone引發(fā)換機(jī)熱潮,，關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)向了印度，因?yàn)樘O果在印度的市場(chǎng)份額還很小,。不過雖然市場(chǎng)擔(dān)心其增長(zhǎng)前景,，蘋果在2015年還是有重大的突破,。蘋果打算造出先進(jìn)的電動(dòng)汽車，進(jìn)軍汽車市場(chǎng),，目前名為泰坦的計(jì)劃已經(jīng)啟動(dòng),，成員都是之前從事汽車行業(yè)的專家，正式推出可能還得幾年,。一旦新車成功問世,，庫(kù)克和蘋果定會(huì)大出風(fēng)頭。

4.伯克希爾－哈撒韋公司（Berkshire Hathaway）

《財(cái)富》美國(guó)500強(qiáng)排名：第4名

2015年?duì)I業(yè)收入：2108億美元

沃倫?巴菲特掌管的保險(xiǎn)和投資集團(tuán)伯克希爾－哈撒韋公司在掙脫巴菲特光環(huán)方面又有進(jìn)展,。過去這家公司靠巴菲特高超的投資技巧賺得大錢,。但2016年年初，伯克希爾完成了對(duì)Precision Castparts公司的收購(gòu),，涉及320億美元,。目前伯克希爾旗下的數(shù)十家公司涉獵廣泛，從汽車保險(xiǎn)公司Geico到內(nèi)衣品牌鮮果布衣（Fruit of the Loom）,，再到鐵路巨頭伯靈頓北方公司（Burlington Northern）,。伯克希爾還跟私募股權(quán)公司3G一同持有食品巨頭卡夫亨氏公司的大筆股份。如今伯克希爾收入中近四分之三來自非于財(cái)務(wù)投資,，而是經(jīng)營(yíng)業(yè)務(wù),，這是好事。尤其是近來巴菲特在股市的大手筆投資,，例如IBM和美國(guó)運(yùn)通表現(xiàn)都不怎么樣,。

5.麥克森公司（McKesson）

《財(cái)富》美國(guó)500強(qiáng)排名：第5名

2015年?duì)I業(yè)收入：1812億美元

麥克森是美國(guó)最大的藥品公司，近來也遇到了不少困難,。多年來仿制藥價(jià)格一路上漲,，推送麥克森的業(yè)績(jī)走高，但今年可能無法繼續(xù)順風(fēng)順?biāo)?，收入增長(zhǎng)的勢(shì)頭或出現(xiàn)放緩,。麥克森最近已經(jīng)失去不少客戶，如果連鎖藥店來愛德（Rite Aid）被沃爾格林（Walgreen）成功收購(gòu),，2018年還會(huì)損失130億美元的收入,。管理層在拼命想辦法減輕沖擊，具體措施包括收購(gòu)其他公司代替損失的業(yè)務(wù),，以及采取業(yè)務(wù)重組方案,，今年有望節(jié)省1.8億美元開支。

6.聯(lián)合健康集團(tuán)（UnitedHealth Group）

《財(cái)富》美國(guó)500強(qiáng)排名：第6名

2015年?duì)I業(yè)收入：1571億美元

美國(guó)最大的醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)公司聯(lián)合健康集團(tuán)這一年里出現(xiàn)了大變故,。由于認(rèn)為業(yè)內(nèi)最大的貿(mào)易組織——美國(guó)醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)計(jì)劃（America’s Health Insurance Plans,，AHIP）采取的新措施“不適合本集團(tuán)和多元產(chǎn)品”，聯(lián)合健康集團(tuán)脫離了AHIP。最近,，聯(lián)合健康集團(tuán)稱由于損失慘重,，將撤出奧巴馬醫(yī)改中的全國(guó)個(gè)人保險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)。兩項(xiàng)決定都透露出聯(lián)合健康想單干的打算,。這么做也有道理,，畢竟聯(lián)合健康規(guī)模龐大、業(yè)務(wù)觸角廣泛,，目前在全球已有超過1億客戶,。聯(lián)合健康旗下的醫(yī)療服務(wù)平臺(tái)Optum和藥品福利業(yè)務(wù)OptumRx發(fā)展迅速，還斥資128億美元收購(gòu)了競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手Catamaran,。

7.CVS Health公司（CVS Health）

《財(cái)富》美國(guó)500強(qiáng)排名：第7名

2015年?duì)I業(yè)收入：1533億美元

直到現(xiàn)在,，CVS Health公司還能感到2014年放棄香煙業(yè)務(wù)的隱痛。不過公司一直在利用當(dāng)時(shí)的舉動(dòng)來開展正面的公關(guān)工作,，讓越來越多的員工相信這真是一家醫(yī)療保健公司,，旗下的Caremark藥品福利管理業(yè)務(wù)也借此增長(zhǎng)。雖然幾年前藥品福利管理超越了的零售藥房業(yè)務(wù),，但公司在開足馬力拓展CVS/藥房業(yè)務(wù),，在同店銷售不斷下滑時(shí)努力維持增長(zhǎng)。CVS最近收購(gòu)了塔吉特（Target）旗下1700個(gè)商場(chǎng)藥店,，今年也將同創(chuàng)業(yè)公司Curbside合作開展網(wǎng)購(gòu)自提業(yè)務(wù),。店中一直在推廣更健康的食品，提升衛(wèi)生保健的品牌形象,，還在推動(dòng)護(hù)膚美容品，跟宿敵沃爾格林正面競(jìng)爭(zhēng),。

8.通用汽車公司（General Motors）

《財(cái)富》美國(guó)500強(qiáng)排名：第8名

2015年?duì)I業(yè)收入：1524億美元

2015年,，通用汽車最主要的目標(biāo)就是擺脫點(diǎn)火裝置導(dǎo)致召回事件的陰影，此前這個(gè)歷史悠久的品牌已經(jīng)因?yàn)檎倩厥录嗄晏Р黄痤^,。2016年,，通用汽車會(huì)繼續(xù)拓展美國(guó)汽車市場(chǎng)，同時(shí)也在努力推出新款無人駕駛汽車,，如果進(jìn)展順利可能會(huì)幫助通用汽車翻身,，未來十年也有可能改變汽車行業(yè)格局。

9.福特汽車公司（Ford Motor）

《財(cái)富》美國(guó)500強(qiáng)排名：第9名

2015年?duì)I業(yè)收入：1496億美元

去年福特公布了在美國(guó)市場(chǎng)自2006年以來最好的業(yè)績(jī),。新推出的F系列卡車是最大的亮點(diǎn),，銷量超過78萬輛。隨著天然氣的價(jià)格走低,，今年市場(chǎng)可能進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)張,，福特將努力延續(xù)佳績(jī)。福特也有可能在無人駕駛技術(shù)上繼續(xù)推進(jìn)，保持競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì),。目前福特已經(jīng)跟谷歌,、Uber等科技公司展開討論，首席執(zhí)行官馬克?菲爾茨稱之所以在科技方面較為進(jìn)取,，主要是因?yàn)楦Ｌ氐墓疚幕?。菲爾茨一直宣稱會(huì)不遺余力地推動(dòng)福特轉(zhuǎn)為科技公司，既然全行業(yè)都在搞無人駕駛,，福特也不能落后,。

10.美國(guó)電話電報(bào)公司（AT&T）

《財(cái)富》美國(guó)500強(qiáng)排名：第10名

2015年?duì)I業(yè)收入：1468億美元

由于2015年主營(yíng)業(yè)務(wù)遇到問題，美國(guó)電話電報(bào)公司已經(jīng)啟動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)型,。重整業(yè)務(wù)后的無線運(yùn)營(yíng)商T-Mobile不斷打擊AT&T,，搶走了近200萬的包月移動(dòng)用戶。傳統(tǒng)的固話業(yè)務(wù)加速萎縮,，收入同比減少了10%,。首席執(zhí)行官蘭達(dá)爾?史蒂芬森推出了兩項(xiàng)大膽舉措，未來幾年有可能奏效,，也有可能失敗,。首先，他斥資近500億美元收購(gòu)了衛(wèi)星電視提供商DirecTV,，還順便收購(gòu)了有線電視接收機(jī)Uverse,，瞬間變身為全球最大的電視運(yùn)營(yíng)商之一，在美國(guó)有2600萬用戶,，還有1900萬海外用戶,。AT&T還花不到50億美元收購(gòu)了墨西哥運(yùn)營(yíng)商N(yùn)extel Mexico和Iusacell，然后把兩家公司合并起來,，提高墨西哥的光電基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施水平,。如果拉美地區(qū)能保持超過世界均速的增長(zhǎng)，AT&T很有可能從中獲利,。 (財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

If success is measured by how much money you generate, these companies are riding high.

Fortune has unveiled its annual ranking of the biggest revenue generators in corporate America. This year’s Fortune 500 companies represent two-thirds of the U.S. GDP, with $12 trillion in revenues, $840 billion in profits, $17 trillion in market value, and 27.9 million employees worldwide. Apple climbs to its highest rank ever at No. 3, and Walmart holds onto the No. 1 spot despite a slip in revenues, while AT&T returns to the top 10. Here are this year’s top 10 moneymakers:

1. Walmart

Fortune 500 Rank: No. 1

2015 Revenue: $482.1 billion

Walmart is making a lot of progress in adapting its big-box approach to the 21st century and has become the second largest online retailer in the U.S. after Amazon. By giving workers raises and investing heavily in tech, its U.S.

division has improved customer service and saw comparable sales rise each quarter in 2015. It is hoping to build on that with a major reset of its food business, which accounts for more than half of its sales, with a bigger focus on organic and fresh food, and by offering curbside order pick up. The retailer has also proven it can hold its own with the tech giants, rolling out Walmart Pay across the U.S. But huge challenges remain for the world’s largest company. Its e-commerce growth lags that of its main rivals. Its Sam’s Club unit is struggling to keep up with Costco. What’s more, its international division is being buffeted by a strong U.S. dollar that is eating into profits. Total sales fell for the first time in 2015.

2. Exxon Mobil

Fortune 500 Rank: No. 2

2015 Revenue: $246.2 billion

Exxon Mobil, the world’s largest publicly-traded oil and gas company by market value (China’s Sinopec and Royal Dutch Shell are larger by revenue), has ridden out the collapse in crude prices better than most, its vertically-integrated model allowing downstream businesses to capture the value that upstream operations lose when oil prices are low. ExxonMobil remains the industry benchmark for everything from profitability to safety standards, but its rocky relationship with climate change remains its Achilles’ heel. State attorneys in both New York and California have opened probes into whether it misled investors over the risks to its business from climate change, against a background of allegations (which it denies) that it suppressed scientific research that came to inconvenient conclusions.

3. Apple

Fortune 500 Rank: No. 3

2015 Revenue: $233.7 billion

After more than a decade of solid growth fueled first by the iPod music player and then by the even more popular iPhone, Apple finally appeared to hit a wall. Still the most profitable publicly-traded company in the world, Apple’s iPhone 6S and 6S Plus upgrades barely outsold their predecessors after arriving on the market at the end of 2015, while sales of the iPad tablet computer continued to shrink throughout the year. In April 2015, the Apple Watch arrived to mixed reviews and modest sales. And though debate raged for a bit about the state of Apple’s sales in China amid a slowing economy there — including an unusual August 2015 email from CEO Tim Cook to CNBC host Jim Cramer claiming no summer slowdown — the year ended on a weak note for the company in Asia. Lately, hopes have turned to the next iPhone upgrade cycle and a push to focus on India, where Apple’s market share remains miniscule. Still, even with the growing concerns, Apple’s next big leap came into view in 2015. Dubbed Project Titan and staffed with hordes of former car industry experts, Apple’s effort to leapfrog the automobile market with an electric masterpiece likely won’t reach consumers for a few more years. But when it does, Cook and company could be riding high again.

4. Berkshire Hathaway

Fortune 500 Rank: No. 4

2015 Revenue: $210.8 billion

Warren Buffett’s insurance and investing conglomerate Berkshire Hathaway is less about Buffett than it ever was. The company used to generate the bulk of its income from Buffett investment mastery. But in early 2016, Berkshire completed its $32 billion acquisition of Precision Castparts. That adds to dozens of companies Berkshire now owns from car insurance company Geico, to under wear maker Fruit of the Loom, to railroad giant Burlington Northern. The company also owns, along with private equity firm 3G, a sizeable chunk of food giant Kraft Heinz. Berkshire now generates nearly three-quarters of its revenue from its non-financial, operating businesses, which is good news. As of late, Buffett’s big stock market investments like IBM and American Express haven’t looked so hot.

5. McKesson

Fortune 500 Rank: No. 5

2015 Revenue: $181.2 billion

McKesson, the largest U.S. pharmaceutical distributor, is facing some major headwinds these days. After years of strong sales growth thanks to generic drug price inflation, that tailwind is expected to slow and cut into the company’s overall revenue growth this year. McKesson also recently lost a handful of customers and could potentially lose another $13 billion worth of revenue in 2018 when (or if) Rite Aid is acquired by Walgreens. Management has been working on a series of maneuvers to lessen these blows, including acquiring strategic bolt-on companies to replace lost business and implementing a restructuring plan that’s expected to generate about $180 million in savings this fiscal year.

6. UnitedHealth Group

Fortune 500 Rank: No. 6

2015 Revenue: $157.1 billion

America’s largest health insurer UnitedHealth had a year marked by notable departures. The company left the industry’s largest trade group, America’s Health Insurance Plans (AHIP), asserting that the association had adopted a strategy “that does not fit UnitedHealth Group and our diversified portfolio.” More recently, the company has announced that it would be leaving most of Obamacare’s statewide individual insurance marketplaces thanks to mounting losses. Both decisions speak to the insurance giant’s willingness to go it alone. That makes sense given its sheer size and the reach of its business — UnitedHealth has more than 100 million global customers. The insurer has also grown its health services platform Optum and pharmacy benefits unit OptumRx with major investments like the $12.8 billion buyout of Catamaran.

7. CVS Health

Fortune 500 Rank: No. 7

2015 Revenue: $153.3 billion

CVS Health is still feeling the pinch from its 2014 decision to drop cigarettes. But the company continues to leverage the positive PR from that move to convince more and more employers that it is truly a health care company, allowing it to win new business for its Caremark pharmacy benefits manager. And though the PBM eclipsed its retail drugstore business size a few years ago, the company has gone full steam ahead with expanding its CVS/pharmacy business, which has been grappling with declines in comparable sales.

CVS recently took over 1,700 in-store drugstores from Target and is rolling out order pickup with tech startup Curbside this year. It is also continuing to push healthier food options in its stores to burnish its image as a healthcare company and improve its beauty selection to better compete with arch-rival Walgreens.

8. General Motors

Fortune 500 Rank: No. 8

2015 Revenue: $152.4 billion

In 2015, General Motors’ most important goal was to distance itself from the ignition switch recall scandal that cast a pall over the historic brand for much of the previous year. For 2016, GM will look to continue staking its claim on a still growing U.S. auto market. The company is also inching towards the release of automated cars, a development that could potentially change the game for GM and the auto industry within the next decade.

9. Ford Motor

Fortune 500 Rank: No. 9

2015 Revenue: $149.6 billion

Last year Ford posted its best U.S. sales performance since 2006. The newly revamped F-Series Trucks were a particularly bright spot, with more than 780,000 vehicles sold. The company will look to continue that streak as the market is expected to grow again this year, thanks to low gas prices. The company will also likely continue to push into automated driving technology to keep up with increasing competition. Ford had been in talks with technology companies like Google and Uber recently, but ultimately decided not to partner with either. CEO Mark Fields noted that company culture was a big reason for this. Fields has made a lot of noise about his commitment to growing Ford as a tech company, and that should continue as the industry continues to automate.

10. AT&T

Fortune 500 Rank: No. 10

2015 Revenue: $146.8 billion

AT&T veered into a new direction in 2015 as some of its mainstay businesses ran into trouble. A continued assault from revitalized wireless carrier T-Mobile helped strip away almost two million of AT&T’s monthly mobile subscribers. And the old legacy landline phone business accelerated its decline, losing almost 10% of its revenue from the year before. So CEO Randall Stephenson made two bold gambles that may — or may not — pay off in coming years. First, he spent almost $50 billion to acquire satellite television provider DirecTV. Along with its existing cable television offering Uverse, the move immediately made AT&T one of the largest TV subscription services in the world with 26 million U.S. customers and 19 million overseas. AT&T also acquired Nextel Mexico and Iusacell for less than $5 billion. Combining the two and upgrading its Mexican infrastructure could pay off if Latin America continues to grow faster than many other parts of the world.