????11天前,，iPhone 6在中國(guó)上市,，但蘋果支付（Apple Pay）功能卻未能啟用。中國(guó)頂尖商業(yè)媒體財(cái)新（Caixin）曾在上月報(bào)道稱,，蘋果公司與中國(guó)國(guó)有的支付處理系統(tǒng)銀聯(lián)（UnionPay）達(dá)成了協(xié)議,，將在中國(guó)境內(nèi)激活A(yù)pple Pay功能。但該媒體如今表示,，Apple Pay預(yù)計(jì)到明年3月才能開始在中國(guó)使用,。

????即便明年春天Apple Pay得以登陸中國(guó)，恐怕也將舉步維艱,。為什么呢？

????1,、中國(guó)信用卡和借記卡的使用范圍遠(yuǎn)小于西方國(guó)家,。今天的中國(guó)仍然以現(xiàn)金交易為主,，蘋果很難迅速改變這種情況。在北京,，只接受現(xiàn)金付款的包括：出租車,、麥當(dāng)勞（McDonalds）、小型集市和商店,、快餐攤點(diǎn),、食堂、許多餐廳,、甚至旅游景點(diǎn)的售票亭,。電子刷卡消費(fèi)在中國(guó)尚不普及。

????2,、占領(lǐng)中國(guó)電子支付市場(chǎng)并不容易,。這也是為何蒂姆?庫(kù)克對(duì)阿里巴巴（Alibaba）董事長(zhǎng)馬云伸出的橄欖枝反應(yīng)積極。馬云旗下的支付寶（Alipay）是獨(dú)立于阿里巴巴的另一家公司,，負(fù)責(zé)處理阿里巴巴平臺(tái)上的幾乎所有交易,。借助二維碼技術(shù)，顧客利用支付寶應(yīng)用就能在門店內(nèi)完成支付,。由于支付寶使用很廣泛——中國(guó)大城市里幾乎人人都用它——為了在中國(guó)站穩(wěn)腳跟,，Apple Pay可能必須得與阿里巴巴分享利潤(rùn)。因此,，庫(kù)克和馬云再一次商討了合作問(wèn)題,。

????3、從先前的案例來(lái)看,，蘋果處于劣勢(shì),。Visa卡、萬(wàn)事達(dá)卡（Mastercard）和美國(guó)運(yùn)通（American Express）奮斗多年,，想讓中國(guó)按照世界貿(mào)易組織（World Trade Organization）的規(guī)定對(duì)外國(guó)公司開放銀行卡系統(tǒng),，但中國(guó)不為所動(dòng)。中國(guó)政府已經(jīng)拒絕了好幾家國(guó)外的支付處理公司,，憑什么對(duì)蘋果另眼相看呢,？

????4、中國(guó)仍在擔(dān)心網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全,。蘋果前不久才因?yàn)橛脩舭踩珕?wèn)題遭到美國(guó)媒體的抨擊,。分析家們認(rèn)為，中國(guó)政府出于安全考慮,，更愿意在許多領(lǐng)域上使用本土技術(shù),，支付領(lǐng)域就是其中之一。支付寶大獲成功，因此蘋果面對(duì)著一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手,，或是一個(gè)處于主導(dǎo)地位的合作伙伴,。

????5、中國(guó)銀聯(lián)壟斷了銀行卡領(lǐng)域,，其手握Apple Pay進(jìn)入中國(guó)的鑰匙,，而且?guī)缀蹩隙〞?huì)提出苛刻條件。由于蘋果不準(zhǔn)備與銀聯(lián)展開直接競(jìng)爭(zhēng),，因此控制了中國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)交易的銀聯(lián)給蘋果讓出的收入,，可能會(huì)低于蘋果在其他地區(qū)由于萬(wàn)事達(dá)卡、Visa卡,、美國(guó)運(yùn)通和Discover多家競(jìng)爭(zhēng)獲得的收入,。

????譯者：嚴(yán)匡正

????When the iPhone 6 arrived in China 11 days ago, Apple Pay was disabled. Caixin, the country’s top business magazine, which reported a month ago that Apple Inc AAPL 1.55% had reached an agreement with UnionPay, the state-owned payment processing system, to activate Apple Pay in the country, now says Apple Pay isn’t expected until March.

????Even if it arrives by the spring, Apple Pay has a tough road ahead in China. Why?

????1. China’s use of credit and debit cards is far below that of Western countries. For now the country remains a cash-based society, something that Apple can’t quickly change. Here’s a list of cash-only sellers in Beijing: taxis, McDonalds, small markets and shops, lunch stalls and cafeterias, many restaurants, even tourist ticket stalls. Electronic swipes just aren’t as popular yet.

????2. Electronics transfers are, though, and that’s why Tim Cook was reciprocating some love for Alibaba’s BABA 1.93% Jack Ma yesterday. Ma owns Alipay, a separate company from Alibaba that handles almost all the transactions on Alibaba’s marketplaces. Alipay’s QR code technology lets consumers pay at stores with the setup. Because of Alipay’s ubiquity—almost everyone in China’s big cities uses it—Apple Pay might have to share profits with Alibaba in order to get a foothold in China. Hence, again, Cook and Ma’s marriage talk.

????3. The precedent isn’t on Apple’s side here. Visa, Mastercard, and American Express fought China for years to follow World Trade Organization rules and open its card system to foreign companies. Nothing happened. China has already discriminated against foreign processing companies, so why would it treat Apple much different?

????4. China is still concerned about cyber security. Apple has come under fire from state media in the country over user security. Analysts believe China would rather use homegrown technologies in many areas of tech for security reasons, and payments is one. With Alipay’s success, Apple faces a strong competitor, or a possible dominant partner.

????5. UnionPay, the card processing monopoly in China, holds the keys for Apple Pay and will almost surely play tough. While Apple isn’t trying to compete directly with Unionpay, the monopoly controls transactions in China and likely won’t give Apple the same slice of revenues the company may receive elsewhere where Mastercard, Visa, American Express, and Discover compete against each other.