????預(yù)制式房屋早已有之：上個(gè)世紀(jì)之交,，人們就可以從西爾斯公司（Sears）的產(chǎn)品目錄中訂購(gòu)組裝房,。但沒(méi)過(guò)多久，它們就獲得了粗制濫造,、設(shè)計(jì)不討人喜歡的聲譽(yù)（想一想拖車(chē)式住宅）,。新一代的建筑師和設(shè)計(jì)師則認(rèn)為，我們沒(méi)有理由設(shè)計(jì)不出樣子好看,、質(zhì)量可靠的預(yù)制式房屋,。

????事實(shí)證明，預(yù)制或許是最環(huán)保的建房方式,。在工廠(chǎng)建造房屋可以減少浪費(fèi)——工廠(chǎng)可以精確測(cè)量,、切割材料。此外,，只需幾周時(shí)間,，一棟預(yù)制式建筑就可拔地而起——這樣就不必勞煩工人耗費(fèi)數(shù)月時(shí)間，駕駛著噴涌溫室氣體的卡車(chē)奔赴建設(shè)工地了,。今年早些時(shí)候,，在《財(cái)富》雜志（Fortune）主辦的頭腦風(fēng)暴綠色會(huì)議上，Blu Homes公司創(chuàng)始人兼CEO比爾?哈尼指出了預(yù)制式房屋的另一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)：“沒(méi)人能夠按時(shí)或者按照預(yù)算建造一棟傳統(tǒng)住宅,?！督袢招睦韺W(xué)》（Psychology Today）援引一項(xiàng)研究稱(chēng),，建造房屋比失去摯愛(ài)的人更令人痛苦?！?/p>

????哈尼為他的預(yù)制式環(huán)保房屋增添了某種高科技元素,。Blu Homes公司應(yīng)用麻省理工學(xué)院（MIT）開(kāi)發(fā)的技術(shù)，設(shè)計(jì)出使用鋼架結(jié)構(gòu),、可以像一張輕便小桌那樣繞著鉸鏈折疊的現(xiàn)代建筑,。如今，大多數(shù)預(yù)制式房屋必須依靠寬敞的負(fù)載卡車(chē)運(yùn)送,。這種過(guò)于龐大的卡車(chē)無(wú)法在許多道路行駛,，必須由護(hù)送車(chē)押運(yùn)才行，從而導(dǎo)致非常高昂的運(yùn)輸費(fèi)用,。相比之下,，一棟“藍(lán)色之家”（Blue Home）能夠折疊起來(lái)裝入一輛18輪卡車(chē)，這樣就可以相對(duì)廉價(jià)而容易地把房屋運(yùn)出這家公司位于加州瓦列霍市的工廠(chǎng),。

????另一項(xiàng)優(yōu)勢(shì)是,，為了方便卡車(chē)運(yùn)輸，傳統(tǒng)的預(yù)制式房屋需要裝成四四方方的模塊,，從而限制了房間大小和天花板高度,。“藍(lán)色之家”完全可以是一棟擁有教堂式穹頂?shù)拇蠓孔印?/p>

????從465平方英尺（約合43平米）的Origin（售價(jià)13萬(wàn)美元,，不包括地基和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)備）到3,000平方英尺的Breeze（優(yōu)雅的加州現(xiàn)代風(fēng)格住宅,，起價(jià)54萬(wàn)美元），這家公司推出的房屋面積不等,。在房屋的環(huán)保性方面,，Blu Homes公司使用無(wú)廢氣排放材料（包括低揮發(fā)性、甚至完全沒(méi)有揮發(fā)性的有機(jī)涂料）,，以及不含甲醛的材料,。這些房屋高度隔熱，而且配有太陽(yáng)能電池板,，從而能夠大幅降低能源成本。

????這家公司已經(jīng)募集了6,900萬(wàn)美元,，投資者包括迪士尼家族和斯堪的納維亞投資公司斯卡恩集團(tuán)（Skagen Group）,。公司預(yù)計(jì)今年可以在全美各地銷(xiāo)售超過(guò)100套房屋。Blu Homes（目前還沒(méi)有盈利）表示,，它去年的預(yù)定銷(xiāo)售額達(dá)到了4,000萬(wàn)美元,，今年則有望突破7,000萬(wàn)美元。問(wèn)及有什么讓他夜不能寐時(shí),，哈尼回答說(shuō)：“我最擔(dān)心的問(wèn)題是能不能在高速發(fā)展的同時(shí)保持產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量,?！边@也是許多CEO都要面對(duì)的一個(gè)重大問(wèn)題。（財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)）

????譯者：任文科

????Prefab houses have been around forever -- at the turn of the last century you could order a kit house from the Sears catalogue -- but they soon achieved a reputation for shoddy workmanship and unappealing design (think trailer-style homes). A new generation of architects and designers have decided that there's no reason prefab houses can't look great and be of high quality.

????Turns out, prefab may be the most environmentally friendly way to build a house. When a house is built in a factory there's less waste -- materials can be precision measured and cut -- plus a prefab structure can be erected within a couple of weeks -- avoiding months and months of workmen driving greenhouse gas spewing trucks to the site. One speaker at Fortune's Brainstorm Green conference earlier this year, Bill Haney -- founder and CEO of Blu Homes, cited another advantage of prefab housing: "No one can build a traditional house on time or on budget. Psychology Today cited a study that said it's more painful to build a house than it is to have a loved one die."

????Haney has added a high-tech element to his prefab green houses. Applying technology developed at MIT, Blu Homes designs its modern structures using steel frames that fold on hinges much like a card table. Today, most prefab homes must be delivered at great expense on wide-load trucks that are too big to travel on many roads and have to be accompanied by escort cars. A Blue Home, by contrast, can be folded up to fit on an 18-wheeler, allowing the house to be shipped relatively cheaply and easily from the company's factory in Vallejo, Calif.

????Another advantage: Because traditional prefab houses are shipped in boxy modules that need to fit on a truck, there's a limit on the size of rooms and heights of ceilings. A Blu Home can unfold into large rooms with soaring cathedral ceilings.