????推廣電動(dòng)車時(shí)，要呼吁客戶“采取正確做法”可并不容易。威特金說(shuō),，首先，汽車回收利用業(yè)不會(huì)為了公眾利益而設(shè)法謀求進(jìn)步,；他們的所作所為都有明確的商業(yè)利益考慮,。據(jù)汽車回收協(xié)會(huì)稱，汽車回收業(yè)年凈銷售額高達(dá)320億美元,。威特金表示：“汽車業(yè)的廢舊零部件市場(chǎng)總是興旺發(fā)達(dá)的,。各廠商之所以會(huì)用大量金屬、玻璃和易回收材料純屬偶然,。汽車其實(shí)太容易拆解了,，讓人難以置信?！彼胙a(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的是,，汽車業(yè)回收利用的做法絕非刻意為之，不是一種集體努力,。

????并不是說(shuō)汽車業(yè)需要具備拯救地球的高尚意圖,。鋼鐵要實(shí)現(xiàn)持續(xù)開(kāi)采不是不可能，但難度很大,，因此鋼鐵可以被回收利用再次牟利,。美國(guó)地質(zhì)調(diào)查局（The United States Geological Survey）1月稱，汽車回收業(yè)從報(bào)廢車上回收了1,550多萬(wàn)噸鋼,，大概相當(dāng)于1,190萬(wàn)輛汽車的價(jià)值,。

????但是，這個(gè)行業(yè)可能還是有不想自曝家丑的地方,。據(jù)美國(guó)環(huán)保署（EPA）稱,，因?yàn)槠嚮厥掌髽I(yè)的存在，有2,500萬(wàn)噸廢舊汽車材料沒(méi)倒進(jìn)垃圾填埋場(chǎng)。也就是說(shuō),，有500萬(wàn)噸被拆解搗碎了,。被搗碎機(jī)處理過(guò)的這500萬(wàn)噸肥料包括各種無(wú)法重復(fù)利用的材料：纖維、塑料,、玻璃,、橡膠和各類金屬。

????一旦汽車企業(yè)看起來(lái)有違環(huán)保目標(biāo),，就有可能招致消費(fèi)者的強(qiáng)烈抗議,。比如，2002年福特汽車（Ford）為它位于底特律的胭脂河工廠建成了一個(gè)生態(tài)屋頂,?？墒牵麄鬟@個(gè)屋頂卻引來(lái)了大家一片反對(duì)聲——因?yàn)楦Ｌ赝瑫r(shí)還在與加州的燃油里程數(shù)法規(guī)大搞拉鋸戰(zhàn),，而這個(gè)法規(guī)本來(lái)是旨在控制溫室氣體排放的,。奧爾森表示，環(huán)保團(tuán)體因此認(rèn)為福特言行不一,，虛偽至極,，因此對(duì)它大加抨擊。

????從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)看,，如果汽車企業(yè)能生產(chǎn)出油耗更低的車，同時(shí)美國(guó)消費(fèi)者發(fā)現(xiàn)這些企業(yè)的環(huán)保作為更令人信服的話,，那他們?cè)偻其N自己的環(huán)保目標(biāo)時(shí)就會(huì)容易些,。

????麻煩在于，用來(lái)生產(chǎn)使用代用燃料汽車的各種新材料可能會(huì)使回收過(guò)程變得更為復(fù)雜,。威特金稱：“混合動(dòng)力的燃料電池或任何使用非化石燃料的車回收利用起來(lái)都非常困難,，而且可能含有更多的有毒物質(zhì)?！?/p>

????不過(guò),，他補(bǔ)充道，歐盟正在通過(guò)一項(xiàng)法令,，使汽車企業(yè)對(duì)產(chǎn)品的整個(gè)生命周期負(fù)責(zé),。因此汽車業(yè)需要不僅能生產(chǎn)出效率更高的車，還要能讓汽車在送到報(bào)廢場(chǎng)時(shí)保持環(huán)保,。（財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)）

????譯者：清遠(yuǎn)

????Appealing to "the right thing to do" is tough in this case. First of all, says Wertkin, the auto recycling industry didn't evolve for the public good; there was a solid business case for the effort. According to the Automotive Recycler's Association, the car recycling industry nets $32 billion in sales annually. "There's always been a thriving used part market in automotives," Wertkin says. "By happenstance, they use a ton of metal and glass and easily recyclable stuff. Cars are unbelievably dismantle-able," he adds, which is a coincidence, not a concerted effort.

????Not that the industry needs to have the best intentions to help the Earth. Steel, which is difficult if not impossible to mine sustainably, can be repurposed for a profit. The United States Geological Survey reported in January that the automotive recycling industry recycled more than 15.5 million tons of steel from junked cars, which is about 11.9 million vehicles' worth.

????But there is still a messy underbelly that the industry might not want to highlight. According to the EPA, auto recyclers prevent 25 million tons of materials from reaching landfills. That being said, 5 million tons still get trashed. Those 5 million tons consist of everything sent through the shredder that can't be reused: fabrics, plastics, glass, rubber, and various metals.

????Companies can invite consumer backlash when they seem to have conflicting green goals. For example, in 2002, Ford (F) completed a green roof for its River Rouge factory near Detroit. But efforts to promote its green roof generated negative responses -- the company was also, simultaneously, fighting gas mileage regulation in California, which was intended to curb greenhouse gas emissions. Environmental groups came down hard on Ford for what they saw as hypocrisy, says Olson.

????Going forward, car companies will have an easier time promoting their green goals as they make cars that burn less fossil fuels, and the American consumer finds green efforts more compelling.

????The catch is that an influx of materials used to build cars that burn alternative fuel might complicate the recycling process. "Hybrid fuel cells or any non-fossil fuel vehicles are way more difficult to recycle and reuse and reclaim, and have many more potentially toxic substances," says Wertkin.

????But, he adds, as with consumer electronics, the European Union is passing regulation that holds car companies accountable for the entire lifecycle of the product. The industry will need to figure out not only how to make more efficient cars, but how to keep them green once they hit the junkyard.