????通常情況下，如果并購(gòu)之后在本地市場(chǎng)仍有三四家競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手,，這樣的并購(gòu)一般都能獲得監(jiān)管部門(mén)的批準(zhǔn),。但如果競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手只剩兩家，就會(huì)引起監(jiān)管部門(mén)的嚴(yán)重?fù)?dān)憂(yōu),。汽車(chē)租賃市場(chǎng)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性原本就非常有限,，因此，赫茲與Dollar/Thrifty合并之后,，至少在好幾個(gè)地方市場(chǎng)將出現(xiàn)只有它們兩家公司競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的情形,。

????不過(guò)就在昨天，為了提高投資者對(duì)收購(gòu)的信心,，赫茲宣布將出售旗下的休閑旅行子公司優(yōu)勢(shì)租車(chē),。與此同時(shí),，公司還表示，為了獲得監(jiān)管部門(mén)批準(zhǔn),，公司已經(jīng)做好了其他讓步準(zhǔn)備,。但它并未透露讓步的具體內(nèi)容，以及合并后的公司將為此付出的代價(jià),。不過(guò),，需要注意的是，雖然出售優(yōu)勢(shì)看起來(lái)已經(jīng)是不小的讓步,，但實(shí)際上并非如此,。優(yōu)勢(shì)本身在美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)汽車(chē)租賃市場(chǎng)所占的份額不足1%，所以赫茲放棄優(yōu)勢(shì)不會(huì)有太大用處,。據(jù)彭博新聞社（Bloomberg News）報(bào)道,，優(yōu)勢(shì)業(yè)務(wù)的售價(jià)只有1,600萬(wàn)美元，這也證明這項(xiàng)項(xiàng)業(yè)務(wù)根本達(dá)不到赫茲聲稱(chēng)的價(jià)值水平,。

????另外,，即便收購(gòu)獲得政府批準(zhǔn)，赫茲也有可能被要求剝離部分業(yè)務(wù)或做出妥協(xié),，為區(qū)域性汽車(chē)租賃公司創(chuàng)造公平的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境,。而這么做需要付出高昂的成本。如果政府態(tài)度強(qiáng)硬,，赫茲可能被迫讓步,。從長(zhǎng)期來(lái)看，可能遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于合并帶來(lái)的成本協(xié)同效益,。之前,，公司曾聲稱(chēng)合并之后每年可以實(shí)現(xiàn)1.6億美元的成本協(xié)同效益。此外,，赫茲和市場(chǎng)均深信不疑的收入?yún)f(xié)同效益也會(huì)大打折扣,。

????問(wèn)題還是在于，赫茲能否實(shí)現(xiàn)有意義的收入?yún)f(xié)同效益,，來(lái)補(bǔ)償收購(gòu)Dollar Thrifty所支付的溢價(jià),。這一點(diǎn)很大程度上取決于汽車(chē)租賃行業(yè)未來(lái)的發(fā)展,。過(guò)去幾年,，汽車(chē)租賃行業(yè)收入經(jīng)歷了兩位數(shù)的增長(zhǎng)。但由于經(jīng)濟(jì)陷入停滯,，形勢(shì)可能急轉(zhuǎn)直下,。經(jīng)過(guò)幾個(gè)季度的強(qiáng)勁增長(zhǎng)之后，今年第二季度,，Dollar Thrifty公司公布的收入情況與去年同期持平,。這還是在公司最大限度削減成本的基礎(chǔ)上才取得的成績(jī),。

????影響汽車(chē)租賃行業(yè)未來(lái)收入的另外一個(gè)因素是近期二手車(chē)價(jià)格的下跌。上個(gè)月,，二手車(chē)價(jià)格比去年同期出現(xiàn)下跌,，三年來(lái)尚屬首次。而汽車(chē)租賃公司經(jīng)常需要轉(zhuǎn)賣(mài)車(chē)輛,，因此受到二手車(chē)市場(chǎng)的制約,。據(jù)摩根士丹利公司（Morgan Stanley）披露，二手車(chē)價(jià)格1%的波動(dòng)對(duì)汽車(chē)租賃公司稅前利潤(rùn)的影響幅度便在10%左右,。預(yù)計(jì)二手車(chē)價(jià)格下降的趨勢(shì)將一直延續(xù)到年底,，這對(duì)于需要證明此項(xiàng)交易價(jià)值的赫茲來(lái)說(shuō)無(wú)異于雪上加霜。當(dāng)然,，這一切的前提是交易能夠順利完成,。

????現(xiàn)在存在這么多的不確定因素，也就難怪之前公布的并購(gòu)協(xié)議條款會(huì)如此慷慨,。據(jù)報(bào)道,，協(xié)議規(guī)定，Dollar公司有30天時(shí)間可自由接受其他出價(jià),，隨時(shí)可以中止協(xié)議,，無(wú)需支付補(bǔ)償金。這要么表明赫茲與Dollar Thrifty信心十足,，認(rèn)定交易必將順利完成,；要么意味著兩家公司底氣不足，提前給彼此留好了退路,。無(wú)論如何,，如果赫茲希望公司股票繼續(xù)保持近期的勢(shì)頭，未來(lái)幾個(gè)月,，它肯定得好好向投資者解釋一番,。

????譯者：劉進(jìn)龍/汪皓

????Regulators will usually approve mergers if it leaves three or four competitors in a local market, but they start to show grave concern when it gets down to two. Given the limited competition already in the car rental market, there are several local markets where a Hertz and Dollar/Thrifty merger would lead to just such a scenario.

????Nevertheless, Hertz tried to instill confidence in the deal yesterday by announcing the sale of its leisure-focused Advantage subsidiary. At the same time, the company said it is prepared to make other concessions to get the deal past regulators, but stopped short of saying what those concessions could be and how much revenue it could cost the combined company. But it should be noted that while jettisoning Advantage seems like a big concession, it really isn't. Advantage on its own makes up less that 1% of the domestic car rental market, so its loss doesn't move the needle much. Hertz apparently sold the business for a piddling $16 million, according to Bloomberg News, which means that the business wasn't worth that much anyway.

????But even if the government approves the merger, Hertz may be asked to divest some of its operations or make accommodations to level the playing field for regional car rental companies. This could get very expensive on many levels. If the government plays hardball, Hertz could be asked to make concessions that in the long run could far outweigh the $160 million in annual cost synergies that the company claims it can squeeze out of a tie-up. It would also decrease any revenue synergies that both Hertz and the market believe could be in the cards.

????The question still remains as to whether or not the company could achieve meaningful revenue synergies to account for the premium Hertz just paid to absorb Dollar Thrifty. Part of that rests on the future of the car rental business. The last few years have been great, with double-digit percentage increases in revenue, but that could be coming to a swift end as the economy stalls. Dollar Thrifty reported flat revenue growth for the second quarter of this year compared with the same time last year after posting several strong quarters of growth. It actually made its numbers by slashing costs to the bone.

????Also impacting future revenues is the recent dip in used car prices. Last month was the first month in three years that used car prices reported a decrease in value from the same time last year. That's important because rental car companies are a slave to the used car market as they constantly turnover cars. In fact a 1% move in used prices impacts the pretax profit of rental car companies by 10%, according to Morgan Stanley. The decline in used car values is expected to continue through the year, which will make it that much harder for Hertz to justify this deal – that's, of course, if it ever actually gets done.

????With so many unknowns it is no wonder that the deal has an extremely liberal merger agreement. Dollar reportedly has 30 days to freely entertain other bids and could walk away from the deal at any time without paying a breakup fee. This means that Hertz and Dollar Thrifty are either super confident that the deal will get done or are so unsure that they built an escape hatch. Either way, Hertz will have a lot of explaining to do in the next few months if it intends on keeping the recent pop in its stock.