????坐在一輛轎車(chē)后排，阿里?塔胡尼吸了口煙,，透過(guò)車(chē)窗凝視著利比亞?wèn)|部城市班加西的景致,。僅僅8個(gè)月前，他還在華盛頓大學(xué)（the University of Washington）商學(xué)院擔(dān)任高級(jí)講師,。革命爆發(fā)后,，他放棄了這份工作，飛往自己的祖國(guó),，投身革命洪流,。如今穆阿邁爾?卡扎菲已經(jīng)喪命,，作為利比亞臨時(shí)石油與財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)，塔胡尼今后面臨的任務(wù)極為繁重,。車(chē)窗外,，堆得高高的垃圾無(wú)人清理，建筑因戰(zhàn)火而殘破不堪,，路燈也根本不亮,，但潮水般的人群圍著他的座駕歡呼，“阿里博士,！阿里博士,！”狂喜之情溢于言表，仿佛他是個(gè)搖滾巨星,?！罢?qǐng)看，”他對(duì)我說(shuō),?！斑@是個(gè)富裕的國(guó)家，但走到哪里都能聞到污物的臭味,。人們希望我有一支魔棒,，能改變這一切?！?/span>

????改變利比亞的現(xiàn)狀——貧困,、失業(yè)及經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)停滯——需要的不僅僅是魔法?？墒?，經(jīng)濟(jì)改善至關(guān)重要：它將決定這個(gè)廣袤的石油富國(guó)成為民主國(guó)家——及跨國(guó)公司的穩(wěn)定市場(chǎng)——還是陷入混亂。

????目前看來(lái),，兩種情況都有可能出現(xiàn),。戰(zhàn)亂中至少有2萬(wàn)名利比亞人喪生，其中許多都是平民,。從石油化工重鎮(zhèn)扎維亞到港口城市米蘇拉塔再到卡扎菲10月20日殞命之地蘇爾特,，許多居民區(qū)都?xì)в趹?zhàn)火。

????盡管戰(zhàn)亂之災(zāi)相當(dāng)嚴(yán)重,，但卡扎菲42年的獨(dú)裁統(tǒng)治留下的傷痕更深,。經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)政策扼殺了土生土長(zhǎng)的企業(yè)，使難以計(jì)數(shù)的優(yōu)秀利比亞人流亡國(guó)外——塔胡尼正是其中之一,。多年來(lái),，卡扎菲禁止學(xué)校教授英語(yǔ)，聲稱(chēng)它是西方邪惡勢(shì)力的象征,，就連路牌都只允許用阿拉伯語(yǔ)標(biāo)示,；失業(yè)率超過(guò)20%,；財(cái)政收入的征集很不規(guī)律?！拔沂盏搅艘粡埓蟾乓荒昵暗碾娰M(fèi)賬單,，”尤瑟夫?薩萬(wàn)尼笑稱(chēng)。直到今年2月份,，他還是卡扎菲握有大權(quán)的兒子賽義夫?伊斯拉姆旗下基金會(huì)的負(fù)責(zé)人,，伊斯拉姆本人直到十月下旬仍在逃亡，新政府武裝未能找到他的下落,?！拔覟槭裁匆跺X(qián)呢？根本沒(méi)人會(huì)付錢(qián),?！?/p>

????在這一切背后，利比亞其實(shí)沐浴在海量財(cái)富之中,。據(jù)一些機(jī)構(gòu)的估計(jì),，該國(guó)外匯儲(chǔ)備約達(dá)到2,500億美元，考慮到利比亞只有640萬(wàn)人口,，這個(gè)數(shù)字令人震驚,。利比亞已探明能源儲(chǔ)備在非洲冠蓋群雄，擁有464億桶原油和約1.49萬(wàn)億立方米的天然氣,。內(nèi)戰(zhàn)使石油生產(chǎn)受到很大影響,，在戰(zhàn)亂之前，該國(guó)每日原油產(chǎn)量達(dá)160萬(wàn)桶（相比之下,，美國(guó)每日原油產(chǎn)量為970萬(wàn)桶）,；到了10月份，這一數(shù)字已降到原來(lái)的大約三分之一,。

????Hunkered down in the back of a car, Ali Tarhouni sucks on a cigarette and gazes out at Libya's eastern city of Benghazi. It's been just eight months since he ditched his job as a senior lecturer at the University of Washington's business school and flew to his native country to join the revolution. Muammar Qaddafi is dead, and as Libya's interim oil and finance minister he's contemplating the daunting tasks ahead. Outside the window garbage is piled high, buildings are crumbling, street lights are out. And people are mobbing the car, screaming ecstatically, "Dr. Ali! Dr. Ali!" as if he were a rock star. "Look at this," he tells me. "This is a wealthy country, yet you can smell the sewage everywhere. And people expect you have a magic wand to change things."

????Changing Libya -- its poverty, its joblessness, or its lack of economic growth -- will require more than magic. But change is crucial: It will determine whether this vast, oil-rich country becomes a democracy -- and a stable market for global corporations -- or slides into chaos.

????Right now both scenarios seem possible. At least 20,000 Libyans have been killed, many of them civilians. Neighborhoods stand shattered, from the oil refinery town of Zawiyah to the port cities of Misurata and Sirte, where rebels killed Qaddafi on Oct. 20.

????Bad as the toll is, Qaddafi's 42- year dictatorship left deeper scars. Repressive socialism stifled homegrown enterprises and drove countless smart Libyans, like Tarhouni, into exile. For years Qaddafi banned schools from teaching English, claiming it embodied Western evil; road signs are still Arabic-only. Unemployment exceeds 20%. Revenue collection is patchy. "I got an electricity bill about a year ago," laughs Youssef Sawani, until February the director of the foundation of Qaddafi's hugely powerful son Saif al-Islam, who was still on the run from rebel fighters in late October. "Why would I pay it? No one does."

????And yet Libya is awash in money. Its foreign-currency reserves are by some estimates about $250 billion -- an astonishing sum for a nation of just 6.4 million people. It has Africa's largest proven energy reserves, with more than 46.4 billion barrels of oil and about 1.49 trillion cubic meters of natural gas. Until the civil war halted oil production, Libya pumped about 1.6 million barrels a day (by comparison, the U.S. pumps about 9.7 million barrels daily); by late October it was sputtering back with about a third that volume.